考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥工业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

OurhospitalhasanaffiliationwiththemedicalschooloftheCityUniversity.

问题1选项

A.organization

B.administration

C.connection

D.cooperation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项organizationn.组织，团体，机构；B选项administrationn.管理，行政机构；C选项connectionn.连接，关系，人脉；D选项cooperationn.合作，协作。句意：我们医院和城市大学医学院有良好的合作关系。因此，D项为正确答案。

2.单选题

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

问题1选项

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

问题2选项

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

问题5选项

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】6.判断推理题。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者对这一项目持的是肯定态度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一项措施不仅能立即提振经济，还能立即救济那些最需要帮助的人）说明了这一项目的好处，指出这一项目是解决两大问题的措施；然后，作者批评了第107届国会Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（这是第107届国会最大的失败之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一届国会应当重新考虑并采纳这一项目，因此A选项“即将到来的国会应该重新考虑”正确。B选项“被排除在经济刺激计划之外”；C选项“由众议院精心设计的救济计划”以及D选项“由共和党和民主党共同提出”，都是不正确的。

7.事实细节题。本题实际上考查的是对第一段最后一句中的主语it所指的理解。该段在提出提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（参议院在11月份休会之前批准了这样一个项目。可众议院却不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是这种参议院批准而众议院否决该项目的情况，因此B选项“失业保险延期未获批准”正确。A选项“众议院不同意参议院的意见”；C选项“经济没有得到提振”以及D选项“没有向有需要的人提供救济”都与原文不符，也无法由原文合理推知。

8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到细节题第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（该法案将不仅涉及联邦项目中登记的人，还包括提供13周的援助给在新的一年里那些失去国家福利的人。）可知，该法案不但覆盖了那些已经在联邦项目中登记了的人，也为那些在新的一年中将失去州救济金的人提供13周的援助。再来对照选项，D选项“失业工人，有或没有联邦福利”覆盖最完整，因此正确。A选项“只有那些参加了联邦计划的人”；B选项“估计有95000名失业的工人”以及C选项“只有那些耗尽了国家资助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（众议院也应该这样做。众议院去年抱怨的一个问题是，克林顿-尼克尔斯法案耗资50亿美元，太昂贵了。考虑到众议院共和党人所考虑的减税成本，这是荒谬的。）这一段提到了众议院对Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，认为这一法案耗资太大。作者也表明了自己的看法认为它很荒唐，然后说明了原因。其言下之意很明显：众议院共和党提出的减税计划耗资比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他们认为后者耗资大才显得荒唐可笑。因此C选项“它的减税提议代价更大”正确。A选项“它提供的理由在很大程度上是无关紧要的”；B选项“克林顿•尼克尔斯的法案太昂贵了”以及D选项“这项法案的成本估计只有50亿美元”都与原文不符，也无法由原文推知。

10.判断推理题。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后来，他终于要求国会为这些工人延长该计划，并使福利从12月28日起生效。）中提到布什总统最后终于要求国会延长该项目，并于12月28日开始发放救济金。因前面已说过对许多失业工人的救济将在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故据此即可推知布什总统的要求已经太迟了。接着，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的态度That'snotenough.(那还不够)，并详细说明了布什总统的计划的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者认为总统的计划不完善。因此C选项“缺乏稳定性”正确。A选项“缺乏远见”；B选项“迟到和不完整的”以及D选项“详尽的但无效”三项都无法由原文推知。

3.单选题

England’steam,whoarenowsuperblyfit,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto______themselvesforlastyear’sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.retort

C.revenge

D.remedy

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项revive“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神”；B选项retort“反驳，回嘴；蒸馏；在曲颈瓶里加热；（对侮辱或伤害）进行报复”；C选项revenge“报复；替……报仇；雪耻”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正，改进；治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将竭尽全力为去年的失败复仇。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausetherelationshiphasbecome（

）tohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears’association.

问题1选项

A.integral

B.unilateral

C.rational

D.hierarchical

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:日本依然和西方保持着关系，因为这层关系是他40年社交出来经济和政治的不可分割的一部分。

integral构成整体所必需的，完整的。unilateral单边的；［植］单侧的；单方面的。rational合理的；理性的。hierarchical分层的；等级体系的。

5.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】语法（定语从句）题。分析题目可知，空白处填入的词语是引导定语从句，修饰先行词grounds,所以排除A选项和B选项。因为连接词which在从句中作介词宾语，所以前面需要一个介词，D选项正确。

6.翻译题

Onaverage,kidsfarebetterintwo-parentfamilies.Butasizablepercentageofchildreninsingle-parentfamiliesthrive,andmanyintwo-parentfamiliesdonot.Whatmattersmost—regardlessoffamilystructure—iswhathappenswithinthefamily.

Particularlyimportantisthefamily’sabilitytosupportandnurture,minimizeconflict,practicedemocraticdecisionmaking,setandenforceboundaries,provideconsistentandpositiveformsofdisciplineandmodel,andencouragevaluesofcaringandresponsibility.

Familiesshouldalsoprovideaccesstostructuredactivities(e.g.,clubs,organizations,lessons)andastimulatingenvironmentforlearning(includingparentalinvolvementinschooling).

Whileitissomewhateasiertodelivertheseintwo-parentfamilies,somesingle-parentfamiliesdosucceedbydrawingoninformalandformalsupportsystemsfromneighborhoods,schools,andchurches.Ourchallengeistodiscoverwaystomaximizethenumberofstrongtwo-parentfamiliesandsupportallfamilyeffortstoraisehealthychildren,includingeffortsbysingle-parentfamilies.

【答案】参考译文：

一般来说，在双亲家庭长大的孩子成长得更好。但是也有相当大的一部分单亲家庭的孩子得到健康成长，而许多双亲家庭的孩子却没有。不管家庭结构如何，最重要的是家庭内部所发生的事情。

家庭的这些能力是极为重要的：抚养、避免冲突、践行家庭民主抉择、制定和实施家法、树立典范以及鼓励富有爱心和责任心。

每个家庭还应该组织结构性活动（如参加俱乐部、社团以及辅导班）并且营造良好的学习环境（包括父母参与学校教育）。

双亲家庭做到这些显得更加容易，但是单亲家庭却得靠邻居、学校和教堂的正式和非正式的帮助。我们现在面临的挑战是如何尽量增加幸福家庭的数量，帮助所有单亲和双亲家庭的孩子健康成长。

7.单选题

JapaneseleadersaboardtheU.S.battleshipMissouriandsignedthe（

）surrender,whichendedWorldWarTwoin1945.

问题1选项

A.conditional

B.infinite

C.everlasting

D.unconditional

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。Conditional“有条件的”；infinite“无限的，无穷的”；everlasting“永久的，永恒的”；unconditional“无条件的”。句意：1945年，日本领导人在美国密苏里战舰上签署了无条件投降协议。选项D符合题意。

8.翻译题

Bacteria（细菌）,likepeople,canbedividedintofriendandfoe.81.Inspiredbyevidencethatthefriendlysortmayhelpwitharangeofailments（疾病）,manypeopleconsumebacteriaintheformofyogurtsanddietarysupplements.Suchasmatteringofartificialadditions,however,representsbutadropintheocean.Thereareatleast800typesofbacterialivinginthehumangut.AndresearchbyStevenGilloftheInstituteforGenomicResearchinRockville,Maryland,andhiscolleagues,publishedinthisweek’sScience,suggeststhatthecollectivegenomeoftheseorganismsissolargethatitcontains100timesasmanygenesasthehumangenomeitself.

DrGillandhisteamwereabletocometothisconclusionbyextractingbacterialDNAfromthefaeces（粪便）oftwovolunteers.82.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesamples,theywerenotabletoreconstructtheentiregenomes（基因组）ofeachofthegutbacteria,justtheindividualgenes.Butthatallowedthemtomakeanestimateofnumbers.

Whatallthesebacteriaaredoingistrickytoidentify—thebacteriathemselvesaredifficulttocultivate.83.Sotheresearchersguessedatwhattheymightbeuptobycomparingthegenestheydiscoveredwithpublisheddatabasesofgeneswhosefunctionsarealreadyknown.

84.ThiscomparisonhelpedDrGillidentifyforthefirsttimetheprobable

enzymatic（酶（性）的）processesbywhichbacteriahelphumanstodigestthecomplex

carbohydratesinplants.Thebacteriaalsocontainaplentifulsupplyofgenesinvolvedinthesynthesisofchemicalsessentialtohumanlife—includingtwoBvitaminsandcertainessentialaminoacids—althoughtheteammerelyshowedthatthesemetabolicpathwaysexistratherthanprovingthattheyareused.Nevertheless,thepathwaystheyfoundleavehumanslookingmorelikeruminants:animalssuchasgoatsandsheepthatusebacteriatobreakdownotherwiseindigestiblematterintheplantstheyeat.

ThebroaderconclusionDrGilldrawsisthatpeoplearesuperorganismswhosemetabolismrepresentsanamalgamationofhumanandmicrobialattributes.Thenotionof

asuperorganismhasemergedbefore,asresearchersinotherfieldshavecometoviewhumansashavingadiverseinternalecosystem.85.This,suggestsome,willbecrucialtothesuccessofpersonalisedmedicine,asdifferentpeoplewillhavedifferentresponsestodrugs,dependingontheirmicrobialflora.（微生物群落）Accordingly,thenextstep,saysDrGill,istoseehowmicrobialpopulationsvarybetweenpeopleofdifferentages,backgroundsanddiets.

Anotherareaofresearchistheprocessbywhichthesehelpfulbacteriafirstcolonizethedigestivetract.Babiesacquiretheirgutfloraastheypassdownthebirthcanalandtakeagene-filledgulpoftheirmother’svaginalandfaecalflora.Itmightnotbethemostdeliciousoffirstmeals,butitcouldwellbeanimportantone.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】81.有益菌可以帮助人们治疗多种疾病，受此启发，很多人通过使用酸乳食品和各种补品的办法吸收细菌。然而，这种人为补充细菌的做法是极其肤浅的。

82.由于样本的复杂性，吉尔博士及其研究组人员还不能构建出肠道内细菌的完整基因组，而只能构建出单体基因。不过，这也可以使他们对整体数量作出估算。

83.因此，研究人员只能将发现的基因和那些功能已经研究清楚的基因的公开数据库进行比较，从而猜测可能得到的研究结果。

84.这种比较帮助吉尔博士第一次确定了可能存在的细菌借以帮助人体消化从植物体摄入的复杂碳水化合物的酶催化反应的过程。

85.有人认为，这一点对个性化药物的成功开发是至关重要的，因为不同的人具有不同的微生物群落，对不同的药物有不同的反应。

9.单选题

Onedifficulty___thecomponentsofeconomicmovementsliesinthefactthatthosecomponentsarenotcompletelyindependentofoneanother.

问题1选项

A.ofisolation

B.inisolating

C.willisolate

D.toisolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。Onedifficulty为主语，liesin谓语，thefact宾语，that引导同位语从句，___thecomponentsofeconomicmovements为定语修饰主语。本句已经有谓语动词，则C选项错误，C选项代入句子中会在一个句子内出现两个谓语，导致句子结构错误；difficulty后常接“in+v-ing”作定语，in有时可省去，不用动词不定式，则排除A，D选项。句意：孤立经济运动的各个组成部分的一个困难在于，这些组成部分并不是完全相互独立的。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Markoftenattemptstoescape（）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.

问题1选项

A.havingbeenfined

B.tobefined

C.tohavebeenfined

D.beingfined

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。首先，escape后面接动名词doing，由此可首先排除选项C和选项B；再根据句意“每当马克违反交通规则时，他总是试图逃避罚款。”这里表示的是被动语态，并不涉及完成时，所以选项D正确。

11.单选题

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeanaffronttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandphilanthropyforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietarytreatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithapharmaceuticalcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyreinstated.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingakintotenureforhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepintherightdirection,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefunding,researchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthecampuslifebecome（

）.

2.Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay

（

）.

3.Theresearchermentionedinthethirdparagraphwasfiredbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Theauthorarguesfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.moreconvenient

B.ratherugly

C.somewhatharmful

D.nomoreaestheticthanbefore

问题2选项

A.moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

B.dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

C.littleattentiontoappliedsubjects

D.considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

问题3选项

A.sheworkedforapharmaceuticalcompany

B.shewasobligedtokeepherdiscoveriessecret

C.shefailedtokeepherresearchresultssecret

D.shecommittedherselftoacontractwithacompany

问题4选项

A.thegeneralpublicistoonaivetoacceptthe“privatization”

B.itisageneraltrendthattherewillbemorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

C.thenotionthat‘thecustomerisalwaysright”isoutofdate

D.thebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemicinBritainwasmoreseriousthanwhatwasdisclosed

问题5选项

A.publicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

B.profit-drivenprivatefunding

C.thecooperationofuniversitiesandhospitals

D.theincreasingcommercializationofthecampus

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere提到商业化正严重威胁学生的校园生活，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell提到商业利益的保密性凌驾于大众的知情权之上，他们试图把大学变成一个商业场所，作者对这种做法是表示批判的，因此可以推断出作者认为应该给予大众知情权。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第三段提到这位研究者与公司是签订了保密协议的，但是她却将公司生产有害药品的事情公之于众(madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful)，因此她违反了当初签的协议，所以被解雇了。选项C符合题意。

4.文章最后一段ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic提到政府同样会对安全信息保密，然后举了这个bovinespongiformencephalopathy这个病，言下之意是政府报道出的内容没有实际的严重，选项D符合题意。

5.作者在文章中是支持把信息公开的，对那些剥夺民众知情权的做法是表示反对的，所以选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

问题2选项

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

问题3选项

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

问题4选项

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻译为：按照SuiMingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thesenaturalresourceswillbedepletedsoonerorlaterifthepresentrateofexploitationgoeson.

问题1选项

A.minimized

B.deployed

C.inclined

D.mingled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项minimized“使减到最少；小看，极度轻视；最小化”；B选项deployed“配置；展开；使疏开；部署”；C选项inclined“使……倾向”；D选项mingled“（使）相混，融合；掺和；（在社交场合）相交往，应酬”。句意：如果按目前的开采速度继续下去，这些自然资源迟早会枯竭。本句关键词bedepleted表示“被耗尽”，beminimized可以做同义替换，表示被最小化，被减到最少；因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Theseproblemsare（）examplesintheefforttoavoidtheinevitableeffectsofshortsightedfiscalplanninginthefuture.

问题1选项

A.representative

B.aberrant

C.insignificant

D.illuminating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项representative“典型的”；B选项aberrant“异常的”；C选项insignificant“无关紧要的”；D选项illuminating“照亮的，启蒙的”。句意：这些问题是典型的例子，为了努力避免未来目光短浅的财政规划所带来不可避免的影响。选项A符合语境。

15.单选题

Mr.TunickfiledsuitagainsttheNewYorkpolicedepartmentaftercityofficials____hisrequest.

问题1选项

A.turneddown

B.turnedin

C.turnedoff

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.turneddown拒绝A.turnedin上床睡觉；上交，提交

C.turnedoff关闭；失去兴趣；离开D.turnedout结果是

【考查点】词组辨析

【解题思路】原文空格处的主语为“纽约市官员”宾语为“他的请求”，并且在这件事发生之后，“Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼”，由此推断，Tunick因为请求被拒绝，所以对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼，A选项turneddown“拒绝”符合语义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项turnedin“上床睡觉；上交，提交”，语义不符；

C选项turnedoff“关闭；失去兴趣；离开（道路）”，语义不符；

D选项turnedout“结果是”，语义不符。

【句意】在纽约市官员拒绝他的请求后，Tunick对纽约市警察局提起了诉讼。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

西藏在中国的西南部。居住在这里的藏族先民，远在公元前就与生活在中原的汉族有联系。到了唐朝(公元618-907年)，藏汉双方通过王室间的联姻、会盟，在政治上形成了团结友好的亲谊关系，在经济和文化上建立了密切的联系，为最终建立统一的国家奠定了深厚的基础。十三世纪中叶，西藏正式归入中国元朝版图。自此以后，尽管中国经历了几代王朝的兴替，但西藏一直处于中央政权的管辖之下。

【答案】TibetislocatedinSouthwestChina.ThepeoplewholivedtherestruckuplinkswiththeHanintheCentralPlainslongbeforetheChristianera.BytheTangDynasty(AD618-907),theTibetansandHanshas,throughmarriagesbetweenroyalfamiliesandotheralliances,cementedunityandpoliticalfriendshipandformedcloseeconomicandculturalrelations.Thiscreatedasolidfoundationfortheultimatefoundingofaunifiednation.Inthemid-13thcentury,TibetwasofficiallyincorporatedintotheterritoryofChina’sYuanDynasty.Sincethen,althoughChinaexperiencedseveraldynasticchanges,TibethasremainedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentofChina.

17.单选题

Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir（）co