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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学博达学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

I’msorry(

)solong.IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen.

问题1选项

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。

语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去,故这里应该用完成时态,由此知D项“tohavekeptyouwaiting”正确。

2.单选题

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack(群)byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate(从属的)rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.

1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto().

2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto().

3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris().

4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner().

问题1选项

A.bejustpartoftheirnature

B.worseninmodernsociety

C.occurwhentheygowild

D.presentathreattothecommunity

问题2选项

A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority

C.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

问题3选项

A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems

B.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

问题4选项

A.Toavoidbeingpunished

B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters

C.Towinleadershipofthedogpack

D.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey

问题5选项

A.cangivethedogmorerewards

B.willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C.cangivethedogmorefreedom

D.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居动物,如果没有适当的训练,它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题,但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。

4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏,让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心,也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。

3.单选题

Modernsocietyhaschangedpeople’snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstituteintheirplace()superficialrelationships()passingacquaintances.

问题1选项

A.for…with

B.with…with

C./…with

D.with…for

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法结构。句意:现代社会改变了人们之间的自然关系,放松了对亲人和邻居的责任,取而代之的是萍水相逢的表面关系。根据句意可知,superficialrelationships在句中做后置定语,所以前面不需要用介词,而passingacquaintances在句中做伴随状语,所以用介词with,故选项C为正确答案。

4.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputthequestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmenwillproducedependsentirelyonthenatureofthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.Thescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhere.Itwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstanding.

Perceptionofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem,inmyopinion,tocharacterizeourage,ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeanstoapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.

Followingdifferentapproaches:a19th-centuryRussianPhysiologist(I.M.Sechenov),theU.S.founderofthebehavioristschoolofpsychology(J.R.Watson),anda20th-centurySwissdevelopmentalpsychologist(Piaget)allarrivedattheconclusionthattheactivitiesthatserveaselementsofthinkingareinternalizedoffractionalversionsofmotorresponses;thatis,theelementsareconsideredtobeattenuatedorcurtailedvariantsofneuromuscularprocessesthat,iftheywerenotsubjectedtopartialinhibition,wouldgiverisetovisiblebodilymovements.

【答案】

科学方法为人类隐含着什么希望和恐惧呢?我认为这样提出这个问题是不恰当的。人类使用手中的工具生产出什么完全取决于人类存在的目标的本质。一旦这些目标存在,科学方法提供手段来实现它们。但是不能提供目标本身。科学方法本身不能产生任何影响。而且,只有充满激情地去努力寻找正确的理解科学方法才会产生。

在我看来,对于方法的感知和目标的困惑看起来是我们这个时代的特征。如果我们真心实意并且热情地希望整个人类能够生活在一个安全、好福利并且自由发展的社会,我们就不会缺少达到这个目标的方法。即使只有少部分人追求这个目标,从长远来看,它们的优势将会被证明。

19世纪俄国生理学家(谢东诺夫)、美国行为主义心理学派创始人(华生)与20世纪瑞士发展心理学家(皮亚杰)采用不同的方法,得出了同样的结论,那就是充当思考要素的行为是内化的或者微小的运动反应,也就是说这些要素被认为是神经肌肉过程的缩小体,如果它们没有受到部分抑制,会产生可见的身体运动。

5.单选题

Outof(

)revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect“完美的”;total“全部的”;sheer“绝对的;纯粹的”;integral“完整的”。句意:纯粹是出于报复,他拼命诋毁她的人品,毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

DuringtheSpringFestivalholiday,Chinesecitizensaregrantedavisa-upon-arrivalin37countriesandregions,whileafurther11countriesandregionsare()visa-free.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.measurable

C.abnormal

D.accessible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项identical表示“同一的,完全相同的”;B选项measurable表示“可测量的,重大的,重要的”;C选项abnormal表示“反常的,不规则的”;D选项accessible表示“可进入的,可理解的,易接近的”。由句意可知,在春节期间,中国公民在37个国家和地区享有落地签证的权利,而在另外的11个国家和地区,享受免签待遇。因此,D选项含义最符合句意要求,故本题正确答案为D选项。

7.单选题

Itistimewe(

)inbed.

问题1选项

A.shouldbe

B.were

C.willbe

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。itistime后面接虚拟语气,有两种表达方式,一种是should+动词原形,另一种是用过去式表将来时,所以答案A,B都可。

8.单选题

Topleasenoone[A]Iwillprescribeadeadlydrug,[B]norgiveadvicewhichmaycausehisdeath.[C]NorwillIgive[D]awomanapessarytoprocureabortion.ButIwillpreservethepurityofmylifeandmyart.

问题1选项

A.Iwillprescribe

B.norgiveadvice

C.NorwillI

D.awoman

【答案】A

【解析】A选项所在内容应该用倒装句式,将Iwillprescribe改为willIprescribe。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Theaccountant(

)thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfunderraiser.

问题1选项

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。donate捐赠;validate证实,验证;embezzled盗用,挪用;certify证明,保证。句意:那个会计盗用善款几千美元,却表现出自己是最佳的捐助者。由while可知,前后两句关系为转折,后半句提到“最佳捐赠者”,那么前半句句意应与之相反。故C项符合题意,答案C

10.单选题

TheBankofChinaisinterestedinhowmuchmoneyisin()intheeconomy.

问题1选项

A.circle

B.circulation

C.expense

D.rotation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项circle“圈子;圈出”,不与介词in搭配;B选项circulation“流通;传播”,incirculation“在流通的”,常与货币的流通有关;C选项expense“损失;代价”,固定搭配为attheexpenseof“以……为代价”;D选项rotation“旋转;循环”,指物品的旋转。句意:中国银行对经济中有多少货币在流通感兴趣。此处指的是与货币的流通有关。故选B。

11.单选题

Whathetoldmewasa()ofdownrightlies.

问题1选项

A.load

B.mob

C.pack

D.flock

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。load“负荷,重担,装载量”;mob“暴民,乌合之众”;pack“包裹,背包”;flock“(飞禽,牲畜等的)群”。句意:他告诉我的都是一些明显的谎言。aloadof“大量,许多”,选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Anynegativestatementsandaccusationsshouldbemade()andforthrightlyanswered,preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.thoroughly

C.punctually

D.exactly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:任何否定的言论和指控都应迅速、直接地作出答复,最好是在它们产生的层面上。

考查副词辨析。promptly迅速地;敏捷地;thoroughly充分的;彻头彻尾的;punctually按时地;如期地;exactly正确地;严密地。并列连词and连接空格跟forthrightly(直接地),因此四个选项中,A项正确。

13.单选题

Thosewho()trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

问题1选项

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:违反交通法规的那些人应该受处罚。

考查动词辨析。rotate(使)旋转,转动;(工作)由…轮值;violate违反,违犯,违背(法律、协议等),侵犯(隐私等);abuse滥用,虐待;degrade贬低,使……丢脸,使……降级,使降解。因此B符合句意。

14.单选题

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.

Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Tobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewaywhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjured.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.

Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

41.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcasesmayberegardedasanadvancementofcivilization?

42.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph2,“Itisjustpossibletheyare”meansthat().

43.Theauthorsuggeststhatcivilizedpeopleshouldsettledisputesby().

44.Intheauthor’sview,thenationsandcountriesoftoday().

45.Bythelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat().

问题1选项

A.Theactofconqueringtheothernations.

B.Theabilitytogetotherstofightforyou.

C.Thebreakingoflegs.

D.Thewaytofertilizeafield.

问题2选项

A.itispossiblethatmostpeoplebelieveinthegreatestcountries

B.itispossiblethattheconquerorsarethegreatestcountries

C.itispossiblethatthegreatestcountriesmaybeatthegreatestnumberofcountries

D.itispossiblethattheconquerorscanruleoverothercountries

问题3选项

A.goingtowars

B.gainingtheright

C.havingthemight

D.adoptingnon-violentways

问题4选项

A.arequitefriendlytooneanother

B.cankeeptherulesandbehaveproperly

C.arestillfightingagainstoneanother

D.knowhowtosettledisputes

问题5选项

A.peoplearebornsavageandit’shardforthemtochange

B.civilizationisathingthatcannotbeexpectedtoomuch

C.civilizedpeoplewillneverdoanysavagethings

D.humanbeingswillforwardthecivilizationastheymature

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】41.推理判断题。A选项“征服其他国家的行为”,第一段Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.(我想大多数人都认为最伟大的国家是那些在战争中打败最多其他国家并以征服者的身份统治它们的国家。)第二段有转折Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.(他们可能是,但他们不是最文明的。)故可排除A选项。B选项“让别人为你而战的能力”,根据原文Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.(即使是善于让别人为你而战,并告诉他们如何做才最有效,也不是文明。)可排除B选项。C选项“断腿”定位在第一段第二句Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.(我们不知道谁最先接上折断的腿骨,还是成熟了一片田;但我们知道所有关于杀手和毁灭者的事。)句中是接上断腿的人,而非断腿。D选项“给土地施肥的方法。”在作者眼里推动文明发展的不是这些征服者,将军或者士兵,也不是通过野蛮行为解决纷争的人。A,B,C选项在作者眼中都不是文明的,均可排除,故选D。

42.推理判断题。定位在第一段最后一句Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.(我想大多数人都认为最伟大的国家是那些在战争中打败最多其他国家并以征服者的身份统治它们的国家。)可知they指代的是最伟大的国家。A选项“大多数人可能相信最伟大的国家”与题意无关。B选项“征服者可能是最伟大的国家”,置换主语,有误。C选项“可能最伟大的国家打败最多的国家”与句意契合,正确。D选项“征服者有可能统治其他国家”与主干无关,可排除。故选C。

43.推理判断题。定位在第二段Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.(人们靠打架来解决争议。战斗意味着杀戮,文明的人民应该能够找到解决争端的方法,而不是看哪一方杀死另一方的人数更多,然后说,杀死最多的一方赢了。)由此可知,作者认为武力不是解决问题的办法。A选项“参战”,与武力有关不符合。B选项“赢得权利”,和平解决问题是不会有输赢的,C选项“有强权”,Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.(它不仅赢了,而且因为赢了,它是正确的。因为这就是参战的意义;它意味着说强权即公理。)在文中作者对强权即公理的这种说法是不赞成的。由此可排除C选项。D选项“采用非暴力方式”符合题意,故选D。

44.推理判断题。根据原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.(虽然现在,人们并不会在街上相互残杀,也就是说,我们已经到了遵守规则和在日常生活中相互之间行为得体的阶段。但各个民族和国家还没有学会这样做,仍然表现得像野蛮人。)由此可知,如今的一些民族和国家还存在着对抗战争,故C选项“仍在互相争斗”正确。A选项“他们彼此很友好”,B选项“遵守规矩,举止得体”,D选项“知道如何解决争端”均与句意不符,可排除,故选C。

45.推理判断题。根据原文Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.(但我们不能期望太多。毕竟,人类的进化才刚刚开始。人类才刚刚开始文明生活。)由此可知,我们还处在文明世界的开端,不能期望过高。A选项“人天生野蛮,很难改变”错误。根据原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife.(虽然现在,人们并不会在街上相互残杀,也就是说,我们已经到了遵守规则和在日常生活中相互之间行为得体的阶段。)可以知道人们已经有改变了。B选项“文明是一种不能过分期待的东西”,作者是以目前阶段的文明而言,我们不能够期待太多,并没有让人不去期待,属于歪曲意思。C选项“文明人决不会做野蛮的事”说法过于绝对,根据原文Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.(我们不能期待即使是文明人也不会做这些事。)可知文明人绝对不做野蛮的事是很难保证的。D选项“随着人类的成熟,人类将推进文明的发展”,作者说到人类文明才刚开始,可以推出现在的文明随着人类的成熟,还能够有所进步,故D选项正确。

15.单选题

Field-based,sociallycomplexeducationprogramcallforadifferentframeworkandmethodologyforevidencegathering,()therigorinthe“science”ofinvestigativeprocessesmustbeevaluatedwithadifferentsetofcriteria()aretraditionallyemployedwithRCTsorquasi-experiment.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.that...that

C.where...than

D.which...which

【答案】D

【解析】根据题意,第一个空格为非限制定语从句,选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句,先行词为criteria,所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。

16.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

AhugefirethatengulfedanancientTibetantowninShangri-la,Yunnanprovince,onSaturdayhascausedexpertstocallforheightenedfiresafetyinhistoriclocationsacrossthecountry.ThefirestartedearlyonSaturdaymorningandlastedabout12hours,destroying242housesintheoldTibetantownofDukezonginShangri-la,capitaloftheDiqingTibetautonomousprefecture.Dukezongtownisthelargestandbest-preservedTibetancommunityinallofChina’sTibetanareas.ItwasalsoakeystopontheAncientTea-HorseCaravanRouteandafocalpointforHan-Tibetanexchanges.

【答案】一场大火周六吞没了云南香格里拉一个古老的藏族小镇,引起专家呼吁在全国历史地段加强消防安全。大火周六凌晨开始,持续了大约12小时,摧毁了迪庆藏族自治州首府香格里拉藏族古镇独克宗的242栋房屋。独克宗镇是中国藏区规模最大、保存最完好的藏族聚居区。它也是茶马古道的重要一站,也是汉藏交流的中心。

17.单选题

BorisYeltsin,Russia’s______president,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

问题1选项

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:俄罗斯______总统鲍里斯•叶利钦去世。C选项formerpresident“前任总统”为固定搭配,其余选项非固定搭配也不符合句意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Theteachersuggestedthestudentcomplete(

)researchbeforewritingthetermpaper.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.expansive

C.expensive

D.exhaustive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:老师建议学生们在写学期论文前完成详尽的研究。

考查形容词辨析。Intensive密集的,彻底的;expansive广阔的,扩张的;expensive昂贵的;exhaustive详尽的,彻底的,全面的。故D符合句意。

19.单选题

Allvisitorsarerequestedto()withtheregulations.

问题1选项

A.abide

B.comply

C.consent

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:abidewith“与……同住”;B:comply(with)“遵守”;C:consent“同意”;D:conform(to)“遵守”。句意:所有的游客都被要求遵守规则。根据句意以及固定搭配,选项B为正确答案。

20.单选题

Almostsinceitsinception,Israelhasbeeninconflict.WhatroledoeswarplayinshapingtheJewishstates’identity?

I'monthiswhirlwindtouroftheHolyLandcourtesyofBirthright,afoundationthatofferseveryAmericanwithJewishheritageafreetriptoIsrael.Theonlyrequirementsarethatyou’rebetweentheagesof18and26andyouhaveatleastoneJewishparent.That'sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.

IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate,ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconvictions.Anagnosticinfaithandinlife.AtthispointinmylifeIdon'tfollowJudaismoranyreligionforthatmatter.Culturally,I’mkindofwhatever,celebratingChristmasandGroundhogDayandanyotherholidaythatseemslikefun.Ididn’tknowmuchaboutIsraelisasapeople,andknewhardlyanythingaboutthepoliticsoftheregion.

PmonabusinIsraelleavingtheairport.It'sveryearlyinthemorning.Thedayisalreadysohotyoucanseewavesofheatshimmeringoffthehighway.IfeellikeIalwaysdoatthestartofagreatadventure:jetlagged,thirsty,excited.ThebuildingsofTelAvivaregettingsmallerthefurtherwedrive.

Ourtourguide,hisnameisEitan,istalkingintoamicrophone.“Asweheadoutofthecityyou’llseealotofcountryside,”hesays,hisblueeyesgazingfondlyoutthewindowathisadoptedhomeland(EitanisAmerican,yousee,andhehas“madealiyah,’’ortakenIsraelashishomelandandchosenaHebrewname).

“Israelisnotalldesertlikeyoumighthavethought.”Ipayattentionnow,becausethisiswhatIdidinfactthink.“Lookatthatfieldofsunflowers,forexample."

Ilookoutthewindowtomyleftandseethetallyellowflowers.I’mthinkingtheyare

prettyandpicturesque,thenEitansays,“Don’ttheylooklikeproudsoldierslinedupreadyforbattle?"

Itwon'toccurtomeuntilmuchlater,whenmyten-daytouraroundIsraelisfinishedandI’mbackinthesafetyofmypredictable,air-conditionedAmericanlife,thatthiscommentrepresentstwothingsI’vecometounderstandaboutIsraelanditspeople.One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.

Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful“ownership”oftheland.

1.AfreetriptoIsraelisofferedtoeveryyoungAmericanwithJewishheritageinorderforthem(

).

2.By“IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritableslate”,theauthorimpliesthatshewentintoIsrael

).

3.Thesentence,“WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers”,suggeststhatsubconsciously

).

4.Ascanbeinferredfromthepassage,theauthorfindsherten-daytouraroundIsrael(

).

问题1选项

A.tofindoutwhatroleswarplaysinshapingtheJewishstates’identity

B.toseealotofprettyandpicturesquecountrysidesceneryoutofthecity

C.tolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture

D.tosavethemtheexpensesoneverythingincludingairfare,food,accommodation

问题2选项

A.open-minded,withoutanyrestrictionsofconventionalideas

B.simple-minded,withoutanythoughtofthepurposeofthetrip

C.empty-minded,withoutmuchknowledgeaboutIsraelisasapeople

D.pure-minded,withoutanypolitical,religiousandculturalinclination

问题3选项

A.IsraelishaveanunrealisticcastofmindasapeoplewithJewishheritage

B.Israelisareverypatrioticandalwaysreadytodefendtheirrighttobelong

C.IsraelisaremuchmoreimaginativethanAmericansaboutthingsinnature

D.Israelisaresopanic-strickenbywarthattheymistakesunflowersforsoldiers

问题4选项

A.meaninglessandboring

B.adventurousandthrilling

C.incredibleandbewildering

D.impressiveandrewarding

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题询问给每一个至少父母中的一方是犹太人的年轻的美国人一次免费去以色列的旅行的目的是什么。根据原文“That’sit.Birthrightgivesyouanall-expensespaidtour(I'mtalkingairfare,food,accommodation,everything)aroundIsraeltolearnaboutthecountryanditscomplicatedpastandprecariousfuture.就是这样。“与生俱来的权利”让你可以免费游览以色列(我指的是机票、食物、住宿等等),了解这个国家及其复杂的过去和不稳定的未来。”可知C选项‘旅行的目的就是让更多人了解以色列复杂的历史和未知的将来’正确。

2.句义推测题。本题询问通过这句话作者想表达的意思。IwentintomytriptoIsraelaveritablecleanstate句意为“我走进了以色列,一个名副其实的干净的国家”。这句话应放到文中更好理解,通过后面的“ashelteredgirlfromsmall-townNevadawithnostrongpoliticalconviction.她来自内华达州的一个小镇,没有强烈的政治信念。”明确指出不含任何政治倾向,所以D选项“天真的思想,不含任何政治、宗教和文化信仰”正确。

3.句义推测题。根据原文“One:Israelisaredeterminedtoshowtheworldtheircountryisbeautiful,notjustbombsandproblems.Two:Theyhaveanunwaveringbeliefintheirrighttobelongasanationandtheirrighttodefendit.Conclusion:WhereAmericansseesunflowers,Israelisseesoldiers.一、以色列想向这个世界展示它是美丽的,而不只是炸弹和困难;二、他们对他们属于这个国家和有权捍卫国家的权利有着坚定不移的信念。”综合分析可知,这句话“美国人明明看到的是向日葵,以色列人却看到的是士兵”是突出以色列人的爱国之心,他们时刻保卫着自己的领土和权利,所以B选项‘以色列人非常爱国,随时准备捍卫他们的归属权利’正确。

4.推理判断题。本题询问作者认为自己的以色列十天游的感受如何。A选项意为“无意义和无聊的”;B选项意为“冒险的和刺激的”;C选项意为“令人难以置信和扑朔迷离的”;D选项意为“影响深刻且受益匪浅的”。根据原文最后一段内容"Icameoutofmytripwithdatesandhistoryandpassionatespeechesrattlingaroundinmyhead,lesssurethaneverwhoshouldhaverightful'ownership,oftheland.旅行结束后,我脑子里满是日期、历史和激动人心的演讲,比以往任何时候都不确定谁应该拥有这片土地的合法所有权。”确定D选项正确。

21.单选题

Mr.Greenis(

)inthelaw.

问题1选项

A.learned

B.scholar

C.academic

D.scientific

【答案】A

【解析】句意:Green先生是法律方面的专家。

语义题。Learned博学的,有学问的;scholar学者,奖学金获得者;academic学术的,理论的;scientific科学的,系统的。空格处前面是be动词is,所以空格处需要填一个形容词。故A符合句意。

22.单选题

Iwasgladwhensomebodytoldme,“YoumaygoandcollectNegrofolklore.”Inaway,itwouldnotbeanew(1)forme.WhenIpitchedheadforemostintothe

(2)

IlandedinthecribofNegroism.Itwas

(3)melikeatightchemise.Icouldn'tseeitfor

(4)

it.ItwasonlywhenIwasoffincollege,awayfrommynativesurroundingsthatIcould

(5)offandlookatmygarment.ThenIhadtohavethespy-glassofanthropologyto

(6)

.

IwasaskedwhereI

(7)

toworkandIsaid,“lorida.It’saplacethat

(8)

people——Negroesfrom

(9)

SouthernstateandsomefromtheNorthandWest.”

(10)

Iknewthatitwaspossibleformetogeta

(11)sectionoftheNegroSouthinonestate.AndthenI

(12)

thatIfeltnewmyself,soitlooked

(13)

formetochoosefamiliarground.

IstartedinEatonville,Florida,

(14)

Iknewthatthetownwasfullof

(15)

andthatIcouldgetitwithoutcausinganyhurtorharm.AsearlyasIcouldremember,itwasthehabitofthemenparticularlyto

(16)

onthestoreporchintheeveningsandswapstories.Eventhewomenwouldstopandbreaka

(17)

withthemattimes.AsachildwhenIwassentdowntothestore,I'ddragoutmyleavingtohearmore.

Folkloreisnotaseasyto

(18)

asitsounds.Theidealsourceiswheretherearethefewestoutside

(19)

,butthesepeoplearereluctantattimestorevealthatwhichthesoullivesby.IknewthatevenIwouldhavesome

(20)

amongstrangers.ButhereinEatonvilleIkneweverybodywasgoingtohelpme.

问题1选项

A.investigation

B.prospect

C.field

D.experience

问题2选项

A.earth

B.world

C.sphere

D.category

问题3选项

A.fitting

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.correlation

问题4选项

A.wearing

B.worn

C.wear

D.takingoff

问题5选项

A.counterpart

B.point

C.stand

D.partner

问题6选项

A.lookinto

B.lookahead

C.lookwith

D.lookthrough

问题7选项

A.attempted

B.wanted

C.desired

D.wished

问题8选项

A.draws

B.disrespects

C.matches

D.gathers

问题9选项

A.every

B.some

C.several

D.quitemany

问题10选项

A.Hereto

B.Hence

C.Thus

D.So

问题11选项

A.around

B.cross

C.about

D.above

问题12选项

A.practiced

B.realized

C.trained

D.operated

问题13选项

A.sensible

B.managed

C.trained

D.suggest

问题14选项

A.since

B.whereas

C.beneath

D.because

问题15选项

A.material

B.matter

C.substance

D.object

问题16选项

A.manage

B.sumup

C.reserve

D.gather

问题17选项

A.breath

B.swallow

C.breadth

D.behind

问题18选项

A.survey

B.collect

C.collaboration

D.alteration

问题19选项

A.hinds

B.effects

C.impacts

D.influences

问题20选项

A.hindrance

B.speed

C.drive

D.holdon

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】(1)考查名词词义辨析。investigation调查;prospect前途,前景;field领域;experience经历。由collectNegrofolklore可知这是一种经历。故答案为D。

(2)考查名词词义辨析。earth地球;sphere范围,球体;category种类,分类;world领域,世界。此处意为:研究关于黑人这个领域的东西,所以空格处应填B项。

(3)考查名词词义辨析。由likeatightchemise:如同一件紧身衣一样可知这个领域对我来说是合适的。counterfeit假冒的;correction改正,修正;correlation相关,关联。答案A。

(4)考查词义及词组辨析。上一句提到紧身衣,衣服是用来穿的,而不是用来看的。可以得出A项正确。答案A。

(5)考查固定搭配。st

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