考研考博-英语-同济大学浙江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-同济大学浙江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ManyofthesecompaniesmovedtotheInlandSouthtotake()ofthelowerwagesandthelackofstronglaborunionsintheregion.

问题1选项

A.profit

B.advantage

C.favor

D.adventure

【答案】B

【解析】takeadvantageof为固定搭配，意为利用。句意：许多这样的公司搬到南方内陆地区，以利用当地工资较低和缺乏强有力的工会的优势。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Her（

）mannerembarrassedtheothersattheparty.

问题1选项

A.affable

B.tractable

C.sapid

D.gauche

【答案】D

【解析】affable和蔼可亲的，友善的；tractable易于管教的，易驾驭的；sapid有滋味的，有趣的；gauche笨拙的，粗鲁的，不善交际的。句意：她在聚会上笨拙的举止使其他人感到很尴尬。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

问题1选项

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing规定,开药；ordering订购；advising建议；delivering发表,投递。句意：有些人批评家庭医生为小病开的药过多。

5.单选题

AUCSFstudyhasrevealednewinformationabouthowthebraindirectsthebodytomakemovements.Thekeyfactoris“noise”inthebrain’ssignaling,andithelpsexplainwhyallmovementisnotcarriedoutwiththesamelevelofprecision.

Understandingwherenoisearisesinthebrainhasimplicationsforadvancingresearchinneuromotorcontrolandindevelopingtherapiesfordisorderswherecontrolisimpaired,suchasParkinson’sdisease.

Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”saysStephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Studyco-investigatorsareLeslieC.Osborne,PhD,apostdoctoralfellowatUCSF,andWilliamBialek,PhD,professorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

Thestudyfindings,reportedintheSeptember15issueofthejournalNature,arepartofongoingresearchbyLisbergerandcolleaguesontheneuralmechanismsthatallowthebraintolearnandmaintainskillsandbehavior.Thesebasicfunctionsarecarriedoutthroughthecoordinationofdifferentnervecellswithinthebrain’sneuralcircuits.“Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions,”Lisbergerexplains.“Butthemovementsaren’talwaysperfect.Soweasked,whatgetsintheway?”Theanswer,hesays,is“noise”,whichisdefinedasthedifferencebetweenwhatisactuallyoccurringandwhatthebrainperceives.Heoffersmakingafoulshotinbasketballasanexample.Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.

“Understandinghownoiseisreducedtoveryprecisecommandshelpsusunderstandhowthosecommandsarecreated,”saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.

Inthestudy,theresearchteamfocusedonamovementthatallprimatesareveryskilledat:aneyemovementknownas“smoothpursuit”thatallowstheeyestotrackamovingtarget.Inaseriesofexerciseswithmonkeysinwhichtheanimalswouldtrackvisualtargets,theresearchersmeasuredneuralactivityandsmoothpursuiteyemovements.Fromthisdata,theteamanalyzedthedifferencebetweenhowaccuratelytheanimalsactuallytrackedamovingobjectandhowaccuratelythebrainperceivedthetrajectory.Findingsshowedthatboththesmoothpursuitsystemandthebrain’sperceptualsystemwerenearlyequal.

“Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources,”saysLisberger.“Anditshowsthatbothprocessesareverygoodatreducingnoise.”Heconcludes,“Becausethebrainisnoisy,ourmotorsystemsdon’talwaysdowhatittellsusto.Makingprecisemovementsinthefaceofthisnoiseisachallenge.”

1.Ofthefollowingmovementsinstructedbythebrain,whichoneisNOTmentionedinthearticle?

2.Howdoesthebraindirectabodymovement?

3.Howdoes“noise”affectabasketballplayer’sperformance?

4.Whichofthefollowingtitlesdoesn’tbelongtoStephenLisberger?

5.Thefindingsofthestudywithmonkeysshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Pointingatanobject.

B.Walkingthroughadoorway.

C.Jogging.

D.Typing.

问题2选项

A.Bysendingsignalstothemusclesdirectly.

B.Bycombiningtheelectricalactivityofneurons.

C.Bysendingnervecellstothemuscles.

D.Bycreatingdifferentnervecircuits.

问题3选项

A.Ithelpshimhitthetargeteverytime.

B.Itmakeshimaperfectplayer.

C.Itmakeshimmisstheshotsometimes.

D.Itallowshimtofollowthebraininstruction.

问题4选项

A.HowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigator.

B.DirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenter.

C.UCSFprofessorofphysiology.

D.ProfessorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

问题5选项

A.theeyemovementisnotinfluencedbythenoise

B.theanimalscantrackamovingtargetaccurately

C.differentneuralprocessesarelimiteddifferentlybydifferentnoisesources

D.thesamenoisesourcescanequallyaffectdifferentneuralprocesses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”（新的研究是为了“了解打字、走过门口或只是指着一个物体等常见动作背后的大脑机制。”），所以A选项“指着一个物体”，B选项“走过门口”，D选项“打字”，均在文中有所提及，排除A，B，D。C选项“慢跑”在文中没有提及，所以选C。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions（大脑将许多神经元的电流活动结合起来，使肌肉收缩，从而做出动作），说明大脑是通过将神经元的电流活动结合起来指挥身体运动的。因此B选项“通过结合神经元的电流活动”正确。A选项“通过直接向肌肉发出信号”，C选项“通过向肌肉发送神经细胞”，D选项“通过建立不同的神经回路”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.（如果神经运动系统中没有噪音，球员就能反复做同一个动作，永远不会失误。），说明噪音会造成球员的失误。因此C选项“使他有时会失误”正确。A选项“能帮助他每次都命中目标”，B选项“使他成为一个完美的球员”，D选项“使他能听从大脑的指令”和原文表达的意思相反，所以A，B，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句StephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.（斯蒂芬•里斯伯格博士，高级研究调查员，他是加州大学旧金山分校W.M.Keck综合神经科学中心的主任。），所以B选项“W.M.Keck中心主任”是斯蒂芬•里斯伯格的头衔，排除B。同时可以定位到文章第五段saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.（里斯伯格说，他也是霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究员和UCSF的生理学教授。），所以A选项“霍华德休斯医学研究所的研究员”，C选项“UCSF的生理学教授”是斯蒂芬•里斯伯格的头衔，排除A，C。D选项“普林斯顿大学物理学教授”，由原文可知这是威廉•比亚莱克博士的头衔，不符合题意，所以选D。

5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources（这告诉我们，这些截然不同的神经过程在相同程度上受到相同噪声源的限制），说明相同噪声源会影响不同的神经过程。因此D选项“相同的噪声源可以同样影响不同的神经过程”正确。A选项“眼球运动不受噪声的影响”，B选项“动物能准确地跟踪移动的目标”，C选项“不同的神经过程受到不同噪声源的限制不同”和原文的表述不符，所以A，B，C错误。

6.单选题

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto____awayalltherocks.

问题1选项

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.haul（用力）拖；拉；拽B.transfer（使）转移；搬迁

C.repel击退；驱逐D.dispose排列；布置；安排

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：如果你想进入隧道，你必须先……所有的岩石。根据句意，进入隧道前要把阻挡的岩石移走。因此选A选项正确，表示用力拖走岩石。

【干扰项排除】

B选项transfer“（使）转移；搬迁”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、学校、环境；该选项不符合语境；

C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】如果你想进入隧道，你首先得把所有的石头都拖走。

7.单选题

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackFictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthantheracialidentitytotheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackFictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?RosenblattshowsthatBlackFictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlacksoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlyWhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanTommer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-coloredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

26.TheauthorofthepassageobjectstocriticismofBlackFictionlikethatbyAddisonGaylebecauseit________.

27.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

28.TheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimproved,hadRosenblatt________.

29.Theauthor’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas________.

30.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldbeLEASTlikelytoapproveofwhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.emphasizespurelyliteraryaspectsofsuchfiction

B.misinterpretstheideologicalcontentofsuchfiction

C.misunderstandsthenotionsofBlackidentitycontainedinsuchfiction

D.substitutespoliticalforliterarycriteriainevaluatingsuchfiction

问题2选项

A.evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism

B.comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject

C.discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism

D.summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism

问题3选项

A.evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackFiction

B.attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackFiction

C.exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackFictionthroughoutitshistory

D.assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically

问题4选项

A.pedanticandcontentious

B.criticalbutadmiring

C.ironicanddeprecating

D.argumentativebutunfocused

问题5选项

A.AnanalysisoftheinfluenceofpoliticaleventsonthepersonalideologyofBlackwriters.

B.AcriticalstudythatappliessociopoliticalcriteriatoautobiographiesbyBlackauthors.

C.AliterarystudyofBlackpoetrythatappraisesthemeritsofpoemsaccordingtothepoliticalacceptabilityoftheirthemes.

D.AnexaminationofthegrowthofadistinctBlackliterarytraditionwithinthecontextofBlackhistory.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（例如，艾迪生•盖尔最近的作品通过公开的政治标准来评价《黑人小说》的价值，根据其中提出的黑人身份概念来对每一部作品进行评级。），可知作者反对艾迪生用政治标准评价《黑人小说》，D选项“用政治标准代替文学标准来评价这类小说”正确，A选项“强调这种小说的纯文学方面”错误。B选项“误解了这种小说的意识形态内容”和C选项“误解了这种小说中包含的黑人身份的概念”不是对艾迪生作品的描述，故错误。因此D选项正确。

27.观点态度题。根据第三段第一句WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.（然而，要写出对《黑人小说》的可接受的评论，就必须对一些问题给出令人满意的答案。），可知作者在讨论如何让对《黑人小说》的评论令大部分人接受，也就是合理，A选项“评价一部评论作品的合理性”正确。B选项“比较对某一主题的各种评论方法”，C选项“讨论一种特定评论的局限性”和D选项“总结评论作品中的主要观点”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.（罗森布拉特的主题分析允许相当的客观性，他甚至明确表示，他无意评判各种作品的价值，但他的不情愿似乎放错了地方，特别是因为试图评价可能会产生有趣的结果。），可知作者认为要是能够评价其（文学）价值就更好了，D选项“评价他从主题上分析的小说的相关文学价值”正确，B选项“试图用更客观的方法来看待黑人作家的小说和故事”错误。A选项“更仔细地评价《黑人小说》的意识形态和历史方面”：根据第二段第一句talkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.（将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。），可知作者不支持探讨小说的意识形态，故错误。C选项“更详细地探讨《黑人小说》在其历史上反复出现的主题关切”文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

29.观点态度题。根据第四段第一句BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.（《黑人小说》确实存在一些美学问题。）和文章最后一句Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.（它的论点和结构紧密，直率、清晰的风格体现了冷静和尖锐的批评。），作者指出了《黑人小说》的一些问题，在最后对其进行肯定，B选项“批判而赞赏”正确。A选项“卖弄学问，有争议”，C选项“讽刺并反对”和D选项“争论但不严谨”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

30.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.（罗杰•罗森布拉特的著作《黑人小说》试图将文学而非社会政治标准应用于其研究对象，成功地改变了以前大多数研究采用的研究方法。），可知作者这里想要肯定根据文学本身而非政治标准研究文学，所以C选项“黑人诗歌的文学研究，根据诗歌主题的政治可接受性来评价诗歌的价值”，不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“政治事件对黑人作家个人意识形态的影响分析”和B选项“一项将社会政治标准应用于黑人作家自传的批判性研究”：根据第一段第二、三句AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（罗森布拉特指出，对黑人作品的批评常常成为阐述黑人历史的借口。例如，艾迪生•盖尔最近的作品通过公开的政治标准来评价《黑人小说》的价值，根据其中提出的黑人身份概念来对每一部作品进行评级。），可知历史事件常常影响作家，并且作者不赞同通过政治标准评价文学作品，符合文章意思。D选项“在黑人历史的背景下考察一个独特的黑人文学传统的成长”：文章通过这部改变了以前大多数研究采用的研究方法的《黑人小说》作为例子讲述了黑人文学的成长，符合文章意思。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Thisnationhasbecomethefastest-growinggrainimportmarket,whichisdrivenbothbyrapidpopulationgrowthandbyrisingaffluence.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.bankruptcy

C.poverty

D.riches

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.friction摩擦；争执B.bankruptcy破产

C.poverty贫困D.riches财富

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】根据原文，粮食进口增加，说明花了更多的钱进口粮食，其原因是人口增加以及钱增加，只有D选项riches“财富”符合语境，原词affluence“富裕”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均与有更多的钱无关。

【句意】这个国家已经成为增长最快的粮食进口市场，这是由人口快速增长和日益富裕所驱动的。

9.单选题

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

问题1选项

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查点】介词的用法。

【解题思路】表达在某个城市时，应选用介词in。因此应将D选项改为builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大楼就使用了完整钢框架。

10.不定项选择题

“Theideaofdeath,thefearofit,hauntsthehumananimallikenothingelse,”wroteErnestBeckerinhisbook.Butwedon’tneedtoworrysomuch,accordingtonewresearchcomparingourperceptionofwhatit’sliketodiewiththeaccountsfrompeoplefacingimminentdeath.Researchersanalyzedthewritingsofregularbloggerswitheitherterminalcancerwhoalldiedoverthecourseofthestudy,andcomparedittoblogpostswrittenbyagroupofparticipantswhoweretoldtoimaginetheyhadbeendiagnosedwithterminalcancerandhadonlyafewmonthstolive.Theylookedforgeneralfeelingsofpositivityandnegativity,andwordsdescribingpositiveandnegativeemotionsincludinghappiness,fearandterror.Blogpostsfromtheterminallyillwerefoundtohaveconsiderablymorepositivewordsandfewernegativeonesthanthoseimaginingtheyweredying—andtheiruseofpositivelanguageincreasedastheygotclosertodeath.

LisaIverach,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney,explainedthatthestudyhighlightshowtheparticipantsmayhavebeenlessnegativebecausethemysteryarounddeathwasremoved.“Individualsfacingimminentdeathhavehadmoretimetoprocesstheideaofdeathanddying,andtherefore,maybemoreacceptingoftheinevitabilityofdeath.”Butnotallofuswillknowhow,orwhen,we’regoingtodieinadvance,andthereforewillmissoutonanybenefitstobehadbyuncoveringitsuncertainty.

HaviCarel,ProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofBristol,agreeswiththestudy’sfindingsonhowadaptableweare.“Theinitialshockafterreceivingapoorprognosisishorrific,butaftermonthsoryearsoflivingwiththisknowledge,thedreadsubsides,”shesaid.However,Carelalsopointedoutthatthere’sanimportantdistinctionbetweenpositiveresponsesandpleasantness,andthattherearesomeunpleasantandpainfuleventswe’dstillbepositiveabout,suchaschildbirth.

InWesternculture,wetendtopretenddeathdoesn’texist,whereasresearchhasindicatedthattheEastAsianyinandyangphilosophyofdeath—wherelifecan’texistwithoutdeath—allowsindividualstousedeathasaremindertoenjoylife.“IthinktheUKandtheUSaredeath-denyingcultures,inthatdeathismostlyavoidedasatopic.”Heflicksaid.“Whileavoidingtalkingaboutdeathcanreducediscomfortintheshortterm,itprobablymakesmostofusmuchmoreanxiousaboutdeathinthelongterm.”

36.AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.

37.Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.

38.AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.

39.AccordingtoHaviCarel,thepositivefeelingandunpleasantfeeling________.

40.InAsianculture,peopletakedeathassomething________.

41.PeopleinWesternculturesavoidtalkingaboutdeathbecause________.

问题1选项

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeath

B.regarddeathasanadventure

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeath

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthings

问题2选项

A.aremorethoughtful

B.aremorepositive

C.morefrightened

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlife

问题3选项

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeath

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulminds

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamily

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfully

问题4选项

A.aredifficultforpeopletodistinguish

B.areeasyforpeopletogetusedto

C.maybeunderstoodbetterbywomen

D.couldbeexperiencedatthesametime

问题5选项

A.sensitive

B.deniable

C.toremindpeopletotreasuretheirlife

D.tobedealtwithmoreseriously

问题6选项

A.theywanttoreducetheiranxiety

B.theyenjoyeverydayoftheirlives

C.theyvaluethepresentmorethanthefuture

D.theyprefertoprocesstheideaindividually

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】36.【选项释义】

AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.根据欧内斯特•贝克尔的说法，人们通常________。

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeathA.对死亡有不同的感受

B.regarddeathasanadventureB.视死亡为一种冒险

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeathC.对死亡的真正含义感到困惑

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthingsD.与其他事物相比，最害怕死亡

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词ErnestBecker可以定位到文章第一段第一句“欧内斯特•贝克尔在他的书中写道：‘死亡的想法和对其的恐惧，无与伦比地（likenothingelse）萦绕着人类。’”，说明欧内斯特•贝克尔认为死亡是人类最害怕的事物。因此D选项“与其他事物相比，最害怕死亡”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对死亡有不同的感受”，B选项“视死亡为一种冒险”和C选项“对死亡的真正含义感到困惑”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。

37.【选项释义】

Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.根据研究人员的说法，面对即将到来的死亡的人比那些想象自己患有癌症的人________。

A.aremorethoughtfulA.更加深思熟虑

B.aremorepositiveB.更加积极

C.morefrightenedC.更加惊慌失措

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlifeD.更关心自己的晚年生活

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】由题干关键词imagined可以定位到文章第一段最后一句“他们发现，与那些想象自己即将死亡的人（imaginingtheyweredying）相比，身患绝症的人的博客文章中有更多积极的词汇（morepositivewords），而消极的词汇则更少，而且随着他们离死亡越来越近，他们使用的积极语言也越来越多。”，说明研究人员发现即将面临死亡的人比想象自己患有癌症即将死去的人更加积极、乐观。因此B选项“更加积极”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“更加深思熟虑”和D选项“更关心自己的晚年生活”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“更加惊慌失措”，文章中描述他们是积极乐观的，而不是慌张的，属于反向干扰。

38.【选项释义】

AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.根据丽莎•伊维拉奇的说法，被诊断出患有癌症的人更加积极，因为________。

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeathA.人们揭开了死亡的神秘面纱

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulmindsB.人们学会保持平和的心态

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamilyC.人们把心思放在家庭上

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfullyD.人们要有意义地管理自己的时间

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词LisaIverach可以定位到文章第二段第一句“悉尼大学的研究人员丽莎•伊维拉奇解释说，这项研究强调了参与者可能因为死亡的神秘感被消除（themysteryarounddeathwasremoved）而变得不那么消极。”，说明丽莎•伊维拉奇对于参与者更加积极这种现象的解释是他们可能因为消除了围绕死亡的神秘感而减少了负面情绪。因此A选项“人们揭开了死亡的神秘面纱”正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“人们学会保持平和的心态”，C选项“人们把心思放在家庭上”和D选项“人们要有意义地管理自己的时间”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。

39.【选项释义】

AccordingtoHav