考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌影视传播职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.填空题

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文语义。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一个家庭选择哪一个房间并不重要，可知填matter，此句意为：重要的是他们选择在一起。

试题答案：matter

考查介词搭配。from意为“（表示来源）来自……”，learnrightfromwrong意为“明白是非”。

试题答案：from

考查介词搭配。respectfor意为“尊敬，尊重”。

试题答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意为“传下来，传承”。

试题答案：down

考查上下文语义。fromonegenerationtothenext意为“从一代到下一代”。

试题答案：next

考查介词搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意为“关心某事”。

试题答案：about

考查介词搭配。inflicton意为“使……受痛苦”

试题答案：on

考查上下文语义。solveproblems意为“解决问题”。

试题答案：solve

考查上下文语义。curetheseills意为“治疗这些疾病”。此句意为：只有在一个地方，我们才能重获价值和诚信，才能治愈这些弊病。

试题答案：cure

考查介词搭配。turnto意为“转向”

试题答案：to

2.单选题

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

问题1选项

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

问题2选项

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

问题3选项

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

问题4选项

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

问题5选项

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句指出了趋势:Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科学论文上发表论文的作者的平均数量急剧上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，这也是因为美国政府机构已经开始推动‘团队科学’)。由此可知，C项“更多的是团队合作的产物”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，当论文出现问题的时候，这些长名单会导致更严重的问题)。由此可知，多个作者共同执笔，很难找出负责人，故选A项。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(当涉及作者的任命和晋升时，著作权就发挥作用了)，因此B项“涉及作者的任命和晋升”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段给出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(毕竟，如果要根据个人的贡献对个人做出高质量的判断，那么法官们就能更清楚知道他们做了什么。但是，如果对整个工作的有效性产生疑问，无论是作为对其行为的挑战，还是作为对其在该领域影响的评估，一个团队就是一个团队，成员们应该共同承担责任)，因此A项“评判是针对论文本身还是其作者”正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章开头提出现象:科学论文上发表论文的作者的平均数量急剧上升，然后指出此现象带来的社会问题，最后提供了解决办法。因此，D项“多个作者，多个问题”最适合做文章标题。

3.单选题

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。

4.翻译题

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互联网服务提供商在内的批评人士警告说，如果几百万人在同一时间下载节目，互联网会因无法承受压力而崩溃。

2.宽带公司称，这一服务会导致“网络交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高达数百万英镑。

3.他说：“过去三十年中，互联网的容量增加了一百万倍……我们还远没用尽这些容量。看到大量信息在互联网间传输，有人产生这样的担忧是可以理解的。”

5.写作题

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

6.单选题

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge起诉；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能为此案作证的人,因为其他证人都被神秘地杀害了。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Fordecades,peoplehadcontinuedtopaydownmortgagesuntiltheirlastcentwasspent.Now,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts.FacedwithaplungeinhousepricesacrosstheUS—somethingthathasnothappenedsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s—themortgageindustryisalreadydealingwithasurgeinthenumbersofpeopledefaultingontheirpayments.

Theconcernisthatthelossesonriskysubprimemortgagescouldsoonswellfurtheraspeoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan.HousepricesintheUSarealready20percentfromthe2006highsandareforecasttokeepfalling.Formany,especiallythosewhohaveputlittleoftheirownmoneyintoahouse,sendingbackthekeyscouldbeperfectlyrational.Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision.Y,onesuchservice,almostmakesitsoundanalluringprospect,“whatifyoucouldlivepayment-freeforuptoeightmonthsormoreandwalkawaywithoutowingapenny?”thewebsiteasks.

LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages.Theysaid,“we’regettingkilledwithlosses,canwefigureoutmoreaccuratelywhowilldowhat,sowecanbemoreaccommodatingwithsomeborrowersbutnotwithothers,”Mr.Rosenbergersays.

TheaccuracyofthemodelsusedbythelikesofMr.Rosenbergertoflaggoodandbadcustomerscouldmakeahugedifferencetothelossesthatlenderseventuallyhavetoabsorb—lossesthatwill,inturn,determinetheavailabilityoffreshfundsfornewloans.Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors.Forexample,peoplewithchildrenatlocalschoolsmaybelesslikelytowalkawaythanpeoplewithoutschool-agechildren.Peoplewithmortgagesonsecondhomesmaybemorelikelytogiveuptheinvestment.

26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

27.Peoplestoppayinghousemortgagesbecause（）.

28.Theworryingsituationinmortgageindustry（）.

29.WhatdoyouthinkLarryRosenbergerdoes?

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flag”meaninParagraph4?

问题1选项

A.Thepatternthatpeoplepaydownmortgageshaschangedrecently.

B.ThelasttimethathousepricesdroppedsorapidlywastheGreatDepression.

C.Peoplestoppayingmortgagesfornotonlyhousesbutalsoeverythingelse.

D.Themortgageindustryisfacingabigchallengebecausepeoplecannolongerpaytheirdebts.

问题2选项

A.theyfindthattheirhousesareworthlessthantheloan

B.theircreditcardsareclosedandtheyhavegonebankruptcy

C.theydonothaveagoodcredithistoryandfailtogettheloan

D.theycanliveinthehousewithoutpayinganything

问题3选项

A.isaccompaniedbyanewmailingservicecalled“jinglemail”

B.isworsenedbythenewbusinesssuchasY

C.iscausedbythosepeoplewhohaveinvestedlittleinhousing

D.canbechangedifpeoplebecomemorerationalandlaw-abiding

问题4选项

A.Hecrunchesconsumerssothattheywillpaytheirdebts.

B.Heprovidesborrower’sfinancialinformationtomortgagelenders.

C.Heanalysesthelenders’datatopredictwhatcustomerswilldo.

D.Heuseshisexperiencetohelpthelendersavoidrisks.

问题5选项

A.asymbol

B.asignal

C.toidentify

D.toattract

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】26.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第2句Now,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts（现在，越来越多的人放弃了他们的房子，即使他们继续偿还其他债务）可推断出，C选项“人们不仅停止支付房屋抵押贷款，而且停止支付其他所有抵押贷款”的表述是不正确的，因此C选项符合题意。

27.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句中的peoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan（拥有良好信用记录的人认为，继续支付价值低于贷款的房屋是不值得的）可知，A选项“他们发现他们的房子的价值低于贷款”正确。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision（这种做法在业内有了一个名字——“叮当邮件”，甚至有专门帮助人们做决定的公司）可以推断出，A选项“伴随着一种名为‘叮当邮件’的新邮件服务”正确。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第三段第一句LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages（拉里•罗森伯格可以说是消费者债务统计方面经验最丰富的专家之一，他与抵押贷款机构联盟会面，讨论如何根据负资产人群有望继续偿还抵押贷款的线索来分析数据），和第四段第二句Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors（他的方法是在人们过去的行为中寻找未来行为的线索）可推断出，C选项正确。

30.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。本处flag意为分辨、区分，因此C选项“识别；确定；辨认”正确。

8.翻译题

诸位毕业同学，你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。这一句话是“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人说：“出去做事之后，生活急需解决，哪有工夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”

我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。

【答案】DearStudentsoftheGraduatingClass:AsyouareleavingyourAlmaMater,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.”Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesmostlyforobtainingthediploma,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowonyouarefreetofollowyourownbentinthechoiceofstudies.Whileyouareintheprimeoflife,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstudy?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn;anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholdingajob,youwillinacoupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoremedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.

Some people say, “Once you have a job, youwill come up against the urgentproblem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or no laboratory available?”

Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.

9.单选题

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

问题1选项

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

问题2选项

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

问题3选项

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

问题4选项

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

问题5选项

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的财务状况恶化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社会保障退休计划中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投资不当导致的沉重债务

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.过去发生的重大政策变化

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，该句提到“其日益恶化的财政状况（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最终（Eventually）将迫使其进行重大改革（majorreforms）。”由此可知，后文介绍的应该是财政状况恶化的结果——改革，因此，导致财政状况恶化的原因应该去前文中找。前一句提到“当国会和政府正在考虑如何改革社会福利、医疗保险、医疗补助和所得税时，官员们仍然不愿意面对我们社会保障体系的严重问题。”由此可知，在讨论制定社会保障计划时，政府官员们的方法不当，不愿意处理社会保障体系中的严重问题，由此最终导致需要进行改革。A选项“制定社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“社会保障退休计划中的福利改革”，根据【解题思路】可知，“改革”是“财政状况恶化”的结果，而本题询问的是“财政状况恶化”的原因，该选项属于因果倒置；

C选项“政府投资不当导致的沉重债务”，“政府债务”是原文第四到六段的内容，根据原文可知，与本题无关，该选项属于出处错位；

D选项“过去发生的重大政策变化”，“重大政策变化”可定位到原文第二段第一句，该句提到“只有当新的政策方向得到公众的广泛支持时，才能发生影响广大公众的重大政策变化”，与本题无关，该选项属于出处错位。

第2题:【选项释义】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中划线词“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.课程；路线

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.occasionsC.重大场合

D.peopleD.人民

【答案】C

【考查点】词汇推测题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文第一段最后一句，该句提到“这些改革是好是坏，是解决体系的基本经济问题，还是仅仅保护现有制度安排的偿付能力，将部分取决于我们，作为经济学家，是否提供适当的知识框架来分析____。”原词alternatives的本义为“可供替代的选择”，在这里应该指的是一些供选择的改革方案（reformalternatives）。C选项occasions可以指重大的社会事件或场合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”这件事，与原文的语义最接近。

【干扰项排除】A选项courses“课程；路线”、B选项thoughts“想法；看法”、D选项people“人民”完全不符合原文语义，属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括号里的名字和日期____。

A.identitytheauthorA.标明作者的身份

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.areaquestionofpersonalstyleC.是个人风格的问题

D.refertoadifferentsourceD.指另一个来源

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我开始研究社会保障改革的影响（费尔德斯坦，1974，1975）。”在论文中，通常会使用括号中标明作者和日期的格式，来提示这是该作者该时间的研究。原文中括号里的名字和日期是为了表明关于社会保障改革的影响的研究是费尔德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。A选项“标明作者的身份”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“代表重要的新信息”，表述错误，原文中作者已经点明这是他自己25年前的研究，所以不属于新信息，该选项属于反向干扰；

C选项“是个人风格的问题”，表述错误，这种做法是惯例，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“指另一个来源”，表述错误，括号里的名字和日期是为了补充该来源的信息，而不是指另一个来源，该选项属于反向干扰。

第4题:【选项释义】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社会保障财富的定义____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.适用于65岁之前可支付的福利

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65B.包括65岁以前支付的精算现值

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoC.是25年前形成的

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealthD.是为了区分私人金融财富

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第三段。本段第一句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我开始研究社会保障改革的影响。”该段第二句提到“在我对社会保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一个中心概念是‘社会保障财富’，我把它定义为（whichIdefinedas）社会保障福利的精算现值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（现在的成年人在65岁时将有权享受或65岁以上的老年人已经享受了）减去（minus）他们在达到那个年龄之前支付的社会保障税的精算现值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）。”由此可知，关于“社会保障财富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定义的。C选项“是25年前形成的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“适用于65岁之前可支付的福利”，由【解题思路】可知，根据定义，65岁之前交税，65岁及65岁以上才可能有资格享受福利，该选项表述错误，属于偷换概念；

B选项“包括65岁以前支付的精算现值”，由【解题思路】可知，“社会保障财富”的定义为“65岁及65岁以后享受到的福利的精算现值减去这些人65岁以前交的税的精算现值”，它是一个差额，而不是单独的某一个精算现值，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“是为了区分私人金融财富”，原文只提到了作者关于社会保障财富这个概念的定义，并没有提及他提出这个定义的目的，该选项属于无中生有。

第5题:【选项释义】

Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.这个的量度可能被理解为负债而不是财富，因为____。

A.ithasgrownto$11trillionA.它已经增长到11万亿美元了

B.itexceedsallotherassetsB.它超过了所有其他资产

C.itisadebttobepaidC.这是一笔需要偿还的债

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalD.它通过私人资本的积累而迅速增长

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题询问的是为什么把它称之为“负债”而不是“财富”。根据题干关键词wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第四段第二句，该句提到“我本可以称其为国家的‘社会保障负债’，而不是将其称为‘社会保障财富’。”而作者说这句话的背景是，前一句提到“社会保障财富当然不是真正的财富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）对当前和未来纳税人的一种要求（aclaim）。”由此可知，之所以把它称之为“负债”是因为它需要纳税人交税，对于纳税人来说相当于一笔要偿还的债务，C选项“这是一笔需要偿还的债”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它已经增长到11万亿美元了”，表述正确，但与本题无关，该选项属于出处错位；

B选项“它超过了所有其他资产”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，该句提到“总的来说，按照常规衡量，社会保障财富超过所有私人金融财富的四分之三（exceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth）。”由此可知，它没有超过了所有其他资产，并且这也不是本题询问的原因，该选项属于反向干扰、出处错位；

D选项“它通过私人资本的积累而迅速增长”，表述错误，原文第四段最后一句提到“社会保障财富有能力将私人资本积累挤出。”由此可知，原文并没有说社会保障财富是通过私人资本积累而增长的，并且这也不是本题询问的原因，该选项属于曲解原文、出处错位。

10.单选题

Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.

Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.

Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.

Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.

Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.

Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbestth