新潮大学英语第一册第八单元 Unit8课件

Unit8

Book1

CustomTextA1.Skimforthemainideaandscanforthekeyinformationofthetext;2.Appreciatetheimportanceofexamplesinexposition;3.Graspthelanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;4.Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.I.Lead-inNewWords&ExpressionsTextOrganization&ComprehensionII.Pre-readingIII.While-readingIV.Post-readingExercisesTextStudy

Couldyou

listsomewordsrelatedtotheSpring

Festival?Chinesenewyear(TheSpringFestival)isthemostimportantfestivalforChinesepeople,justlikeChristmasintheWest.春节是中国贵隆重热闹的一个传统节日，就像西方的圣诞节。Chinesenewyear(TheSpringFestival)ison1stlunarJanuary,oftenlaterthantheGregoriancalendaraboutonemonth.春节在农历的一月一日，通常比太阳历的一月一日晚一个多月。春联theSpringFestivalcouplets年画NewYearpaintings剪纸Paper-cuts爆竹Firecrackers(Peoplescareevilspiritsandghostsoffwiththeloudpop.)灯笼Lantern/aportablelightRiddleswrittenonlanternExhibitoflanterns戏剧Traditionalopera杂耍Varietyshow

Vaudeville团圆饭

年夜饭Familyreuniondinner

DinneronNewYear'sEve

舞龙Dragondance

(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)Thinking

WhatarethetraditionsoftheSpringFestivalinyourhometown?

NewWords&Expressionscelebratevt.庆祝；庆贺mythn.神话；神话故事superstitionn.迷信；迷信行为calculatev.计算；估算；核算calendarn.历法；日历；月历overcomev.克服confusionn.不确定；困惑；糊涂phasen.阶段；时期lentiln.小扁豆menun.菜单sustenancen.食物essentiala.非常重要的；必不可少的toastv.为……干杯religiousa.宗教的associationn.联系prophetn.预言家surroundv.围绕hemispheren.地球的半球originatevi.起源于；来自；产生afreshad.重新themen.题目；主题；主旨chinan.瓷器junipern.刺柏属丛木或树木twign.细枝；嫩枝decoratevt.装饰；点缀vigorousa.有力的；精力充沛的complexionn.肤色；面色；气色bunchn.

束；串；捆evergreenn.常绿植物symbolizevt.象征；作为……象征accordingto 依照；按照besupposedto应当stayup 不睡觉；熬夜inadditionto 除……之外inpraiseof赞扬TextStudyTextOrganization

&Comprehension

TextStudy⑵BellringingisonewayofcelebratingthearrivalofaNewYearwhichiscommontoallthecountries,welcoming2002atthistimebutitisthedifferencesintheircelebrationsandcustomsthatareintriguing.⑶InEnglandtraditionsvary

considerably,butmostoftheminvolveamealorspecialfood.Swisshousewivesbakespecialbread,richinbutter,eggsandraisins.Theyalsocookroast

goose.Childrengofromhousetohousegreetingtheoccupantsandreceivinginvitationstocomeinside.

TextStudy⑷PeopleinItalyholdall-nightparties,wheresaltpork

andlentilsareincludedonthe

menu.Lentilsaresupposedtobeluckyandbringmoney—perhapsbecausetheylooklikesmallpilesofgoldcoins.Thereisapracticalreasonformealsfeaturingintheirnewyearfestivities.Mostpeoplestayupallnights,oratleastuntilmidnightto“seetheNewYearin”,sosustenanceisessential.AlsothereisacommonsuperstitionthatiftheNewYearbeginswell,itwillcontinuelikethat.Sogreateffortsaremadetoprovideanatmosphereofgoodwillandplenty.Partiesarearrangedanddrinkflowsfreely.

TextStudy⑸InSpain,itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightandtoasttheNewYearinchampagneatfamilygatherings.GroupsoffriendsvisitrestaurantsinTurkeyintendingtospendthenightincelebrationswhichincludepresentgiving.SomepeopleinGreeceplaycards,hopingthatawinwillbringthemluckforawholeyear.⑹IntheMiddleEastArabic-speakingcountries,therearenospecialcelebrationstomarkPasAlSane,thebeginningoftheMuslimNewYear,thedateofwhichchangesaccordingtothelunarcycle.Thisisbecausethedatehasnoreligious

association.ItisnotmentionedintheKoranorinthesayingsoftheprophetMohammed.

TextStudy⑺ThemythsandsuperstitionswhichsurroundNewYeargobackcenturies.Inthenorthernhemispheretheyprobablyoriginatedinthefestivalsmarkingthepassingofthelongestnight.Startingafreshisacommontheme.InsomepartsofItaly,peoplethrowoldclothes,brokenchina,etc.outofthewindows.AnoldEnglishcustomwastheburningofjuniper

twigsinsideahousewhilethedoorsandwindowswereclosedtofumigatethehomeandtheinhabitantsfortheforthcomingyear.Whenthepeopleinsidecouldn’tstandthesmellofjuniperanymoretheyrushedoutofthehouse

gaspingandleapingabout,delightingingreatlungfulofcoldfreshair.NewYearcelebrationsoften

incorporate

fertilityfestivals.Insomeregionsplantsortreesaredecorated.

TextStudy⑻InScotland,thefirstvisitortoenterahouseinthenewyearisconsideredveryimportant.Whathelookslikeandwhathebringsissupposedtoinfluencethefortunesofthehouseholdersduringtheyear.Besidesbeingvigorousandhealthy,a“firstfoot”asheiscalledisconsideredtobringluckifheisdarkhairedorhasadarkcomplexion.Inadditiontogiftsoffoodandfuel,heissupposedtobringabunchofevergreenstosymbolizecontinuinglife.Whereverpeoplegathertocelebratenewyeartherearetoastsandkissesasmidnightstrikes.English-speakingpeopletraditionallysingaScottishsonginpraiseoffriendshipbyRobertBurns.

PartI(Paras.1-2)MostcountriesintheworldnumbertheiryearsaccordingtotheGregoriancalendar.PartII(Paras.3-6)Differenttraditionsincelebrationaroundtheworld.

TextOrganizationPartIII(Paras.7-8)TheremaybesomemythsandsuperstitionsaboutNewYearcelebrations.TextComprehensionI.Readaloudthefollowingparagraphsandlearnthembyheart.Then,translatethemintoChinese.

ThemythsandsuperstitionswhichsurroundNewYeargobackcenturies.Inthenorthernhemispheretheyprobablyoriginatedinthefestivalsmarkingthepassingofthelongestnight.Startingafreshisacommontheme.InsomepartsofItaly,peoplethrowoldclothes,brokenchina,etc.outofthewindows.AnoldEnglishcustomwastheburningofjunipertwigsinsideahousewhilethedoorsandwindowswereclosedtofumigatethehomeandtheinhabitantsfortheforthcomingyear.Whenthepeopleinsidecouldn’tstandthesmellofjuniperanymoretheyrushedoutofthehousegaspingandleapingabout,delightingingreatlungfulofcoldfreshair.NewYearcelebrationsoftenincorporatefertilityfestivals.Insomeregionsplantsortreesaredecorated.

关于新年的神话和迷信，可以追溯到几个世纪以前。在北半球，人们最初也许用这个节日来标志最长的一个夜晚的过去。“新年新气象”是个普遍主题。在意大利的某些地方，人们会把旧衣服、破瓷器等扔出窗外。英国一个古老的风俗则是，把门窗都关好在家里烧杜松枝，这是为了在新年即将到来的时候，帮房子和住户熏蒸、消毒。当里面的人们再也无法忍受杜松气味时，他们会冲出房子，大口吸气，四处跳动，尽情享受充盈着肺腔的清新冷空气。新年庆典也常会和各种庆祝活动共同举行。在有些地区，植物或树都会得到一番装饰。II.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Doallcountriesintheworldnownumbertheiryears

accordingtotheGregoriancalendar?2.WhattraditionsdothemostEnglishhavetocelebrateNew

Year?3.WhatdothechildrendotocelebrateNewYearinSwiss?TextComprehension

No,certaincountriesandreligionscalculatetimebyothercalendars.MostEnglishinvolveamealorspecialfood.Childrengofromhousetohousegreetingtheoccupantsandreceivinginvitationstocomeinside.4.WhydopeoplecooklentilswhentheyholdNewYearpartiesin

Italy?5.Whydopeoplemakegreateffortstoprovidean

atmosphere

ofgoodwillandplentyinItaly?TextComprehension

Lentilsaresupposedtobeluckyandbringmoney—

perhapsbecausetheylooklikesmallpilesofgoldcoins.

ThereisacommonsuperstitionthatiftheNewYear

beginswell,itwillcontinuelikethat.6.WhataretheSpanish’straditionsofNewYear?

7.

WhydopeopleintheMiddleEastArabicspeaking

countrieshavenospecialcelebrations?

Thisisbecausethedatehasnoreligiousassociation.ItisnotmentionedintheKoranorinthesayingsoftheprophetMohammed.

Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightandtoastthe

NewYearinchampagneatfamilygatherings.TextComprehension8.WhataretheEnglishpeople’scustomsaroundtheNew

Year?9.Inadditiontogiftsoffoodandfuel,whatshouldtheScotwhofirstentersahousebring?

AnoldEnglishcustomwastheburningofjunipertwigsinsideahousewhilethedoorsandwindowswereclosedtofumigatethehomeandtheinhabitantsfortheforthcomingyear.

Heissupposedtobringabunchofevergreenstosymbolizecontinuinglife.TextComprehensionIII.DiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairsorgroupsandmakepresentationsviaPPT.1.WhyisitnecessarytocelebrateNewYearfromtheviewof

culture?2.DoyouthinkitisimportantforChinese,especiallytheyoung

people,tohaveaget-togetherontheeveoftheSpring

Festival?3.Recently,wehaveadayoffontraditionalfestivals,suchas

theDragonBoatDay,theMidautumnDay.Whatisyour

opinion?4.Chineseyouthappearstobecrazieraboutsuchwestern

festivalsasChristmasDayandValentine’sDay.Howdoyou

likeit?TextComprehensionExercises

ExercisesIV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsgivenbelowandchangetheformwherenecessary.

accordingto decoratefertilityhemisphereincorporateintriguingleapsuperstitionsustenance vigorousAmericandirectorMartinScorseseismakingafilmaboutthe

lateBeatlesguitaristGeorgeHarrison,__________________reports.

2.Theinterplaybetweentheseelementsis__________________,anddrawsusin.accordingtointriguing3.Appletreescanbefoundthroughouttemperatezonesofthenorthern

.4.Theearthproduceslargecropseveryyearforthe

of

manandbeast.

5.

runsrampant(猖狂的)inbaseballclubhouses,soDannyOhrolledhispantlegsupandDixonAndersoncuthishairbeforeFriday’sgameagainstOregonState.hemispheresustenance

Superstition

Exercises6.Learntocreepbeforeyou

.7.China’snewTransportMinistryisstillnotstrongenoughto

therailway.8.Itwillbea

ofyearformuchraining.leap

incorporate

fertility

Exercises9.Asthe16thannualArts&MusicFestivalissettobeginshortly,vendors(小贩)arebusy

theirbooths(摊棚).10.USstocksrise,withtheS&P500postingitsbestdayintwomonthsasmanufacturing,consumerspendingandconstructiondatashowedamore

recovery.decorating

vigorous

ExercisesV.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.Mostusethe100mto(calculate)

howfastwecanrun.2.Theirreadersare(number)

bymillions.3.Heisphysicallyfit,butrathermentally(confusion)

.

calculate

numbered

confused

Exercises4.Theexperimentalresultsbearoutour(suppose)

.

5.Thatplanisoflittle(practice)

value.

6.Whatdoyoudoto(celebration)

theDragon-boatFestival?7.Heisappointingpeasant(associate)

chairman.suppositionpracticalcelebrate

association

Exercises8.Thesongs,sometimesaccompaniedwithdancemovements,wereexpressiveand(delight)

.9.Can’tweletbygonesbebygonesandstart(fresh)

?10.Redflagsarea(symbol)

ofcommunism(共产主义).

delightfulafresh

symbolization

ExercisesVI.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.

1.Atmidnighton31stDecember,bellswillringoutaroundtheworldagain.Bellsringoutinorderto

welcometheyear2002AD.Atmidnighton31stDecember,bellswillringoutaroundtheworldagaintowelcomtheyear2002AD.2.Mostpeoplestayupallnights,oratleastuntilmidnight.Theydothisinorderto“seethenewyearin”.Mostpeoplestayupallnights,oratleastuntilmidnightto“seethenewyearin”.

ExercisesMoreandmorepeoplechooseexpressrailroad.They

choosethatinordertoarrangetheirtripsmoreindividually.

2.Peopleinventasteadyflowoflaber-savingdevices.Theyinventtheseinordertosavetime.

3.HaipiaoaremovingtoShanghai.Theyintendtoleadversatilelivesthere.

Moreandmorepeoplechooseexpressrailroadtoarrange

theirtripsmore

individually.

Peopleinventasteadyflowoflaborsavingdevicestosave

time.

HaipiaoaremovingtoShanghaitoleadversatilelivesthere.

Exercises4.Somestudentsdriveonthecampus.Theyintendtoshow

off.

5.OnHalloweenwegiveourselvespermissiontobesillyand

terrifying.Weintendtotakeonnewpersonalitiesand

reinventourselves.

Somestudentsdriveonthecampustoshowoff.

OnHalloweenwegiveourselvespermissiontobesillyandterrifyingtotakeonnewpersonalitiesandreinventourselves.

ExercisesVII.

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingthestructure“itis…that”.

ModelBellringingisonewayofcelebratingthearrivalofaNewYearwhichiscommontoallthecountries,welcoming2002atthistimebutitisthedifferencesintheircelebrationsandcustomsthatareintriguing.

Exercises1.MostShanghairesidentsbelievethat

.(正是举办了2010世博会改变了他们生活的很多方面)2.Planeshavespeededuptraveling,but

.(正是高铁的开通缩短了中国城市间的距离)

itisthehostingof2010ExpothatchangestheirlivesinmanyaspectsitistheserviceofexpressrailwaythatbringsChinesecitiescloser

Exercises3.

(是中国给了世界信心)inthe2008financialcrisisaroundtheworld.4.

(正是申请世界遗产唤醒了当地百姓的环境保护意识)，Istillenjoyparachutingevenaftermyaccident.5.ProfessorWangtoldus

.(正是他的坚持为他赢得了这次机会)ItisChinathatgavetheworldconfidenceItisduringtheprocessofsubmittingculturalpropertythatarousedlocalpeople'senvironmentalprotectionitwashispersistencethatwonhimtheopportunity

ExercisesVIII.CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseintoEnglish,usingthewordorphraseinbrackets.1.

（他被认为是个极有学识的人）,butheseemsunabletoproduce.(besupposedto)2.Itis

（很普遍的迷信）thatblackcatsareunlucky.(superstition)Heissupposedtobeaverylearntmanacommonsuperstition

Exercises3.

CocaCola

（人们认为可口可乐的含糖量很高）.(consider)4.Twelveregisteredletteristosend(除了这个包裹外)

.(inadditionto)5.Everybodyspoke

.

（称赞她献身教育事业的精神）(inpraiseof)isconsideredtoberich/highinsugarinadditiontothispacketinpraiseofherdevotiontothecauseofeducation

ExercisesClozeIX.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchoosethebestwordorphrasetofillineachblank.

ThetraditionalAmericanThanksgivingDaycelebrationgoesbackto1621.In1yearaspecialfeastwaspreparedinPlymouth,Massachusetts.Thecolonistswho2therehadleftEngland3theyfelt4ofreligiousfreedom.Theycametothe5landandfaceddifficultiesincoming6theocean.The7whichcarriedthemwas8theMayflower.thatsettledbecausedeprivednew calledacrossship

Exercises

TheNorth9wasdifficulttotravel.Therewerebadstorms.Theywere10inlearningtoliveinthenewlandbytheIndianswho11theregion.ThePuritans,astheywerecalled,had12tobethankfulfor.Their13practiceswerenolongerasourceof14bythegovernment.Theylearnedto15theirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoil.

Atlanticassistedinhabitedmuchreligiouscriticismadjust

Exercises1.A.thisB.some C.a D.that2.A.settled B.gone C.been D.stayed3.A.when B.while C.because D.but4.A.dismissed B.depressed C.deprived D.disillusioned5.A.poor B.new C.old D.strange6.A.into B.over C.by D.across7.A.train B.wagon C.cart D.ship8.A.titled B.known C.regarded D.called9.A.Pacific B.Mainland C.Atlantic D.America10.A.hated B.assisted C.attacked D.protected11.A.inhabited B.few C.dwelled D.occupied12.A.many B.lived C.much D.little13.A.agriculturalB.educationalC.moral D.religious14.A.criticism B.praiseC.permissionD.profit15.A.change B.adopt C.adjust D.apply

Exercisescelebratevt.showthataneventoroccasionisimportantbydoingsomethingspecialorenjoyable庆祝；庆贺e.g.Theclubwillholdapartytocelebrateitscentenary.

Jake'spassedhisexams.We'regoingouttocelebrate.calculatev.findouthowmuchsomethingwillcost,howlongsomethingwilltake,etc.byusingnumbers计算；估算；核算Scientistshavecalculatedthattheworld’spopulationwilldoublebytheendofthecentury.科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍。calendarn.［C］asetofpagesthatshowthedays,weeks,andmonthsofaparticularyear历法;日历;月历confusion

n.［C］［U］whenyoudonotunderstandwhatishappeningorwhatsomethingmeansbecauseitisnotclear不确定；困惑；糊涂Thismisprintledtogreatconfusion.这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。phase

n.［C］oneofthestagesofaprocessofdevelopmentorchange阶段；时期Thetwosetsoftrafficlightswereoutofphase.那两组交通灯不同步。Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。intriguingintriguev.tomakesb.veryinterestedandwanttoknowmoreaboutsth.激起···的兴趣；引发···的好奇心e.g.Theyconstantlyintriguedagainsteachother.n.密谋策划；阴谋e.g.Triguinga.beveryinterestingbecauseitisstrange,mysterious,orunexpected

非常有趣的；引人入胜的；神秘的considerablyad.

muchoralot相当；非常Attendanceatmylectureshasfallenoffconsiderably.听我讲课的人已大大减少了。varyv.

changesomethingcompletely；transform变化；改变；使改变~(withsth);~(fromsthtosth)change,espaccordingtosomefactor改变；

变动；

变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）e.g.Ourroutinenevervaries.我们的常规从无变化。Pricesvarywiththeseasons.物价随季节而变动。overcomevt.prevailover(opposition,adebility,temptations,etc.)克服overcomeabadhabit改掉坏习惯Heovercameastrongtemptationtorunaway.他抵制了要逃跑的强烈诱惑。raisinn.［C］adriedgrape葡萄干roastv.

cooksomething,suchasmeat,inanovenoroverafire烤；烘；焙roasta.[attrib作定语]cookedinanoven,etc烘烤的;烤制的:roastbeef烤牛肉goosen.［C］abirdthatislikeaduckbutislargerandmakesloudnoises鹅occupant

n.［C］someonewholivesinahouse,room,etc.（房屋等的）居住着；占有人Heshrugshislowopinionofftheoccupantoftheroom.他耸耸肩表示对那房间的住户不屑一顾。pork

n.［U］themeatfrompigs猪肉lentil

n.［C］asmallroundseedlikeabean,driedandusedforfood小扁豆menun.［C］alistofallthekindsoffoodthatareavailableforameal,especiallyinarestaurant菜单e.g.

Hereistheeveningmenu.

sustenancen.［U］foodthatpeopleoranimalsneedinordertolive食物There'snotmuchsustenanceinaglassoforangesquash.一杯橙汁饮料没有什么营养。Sheisweakfromlackofsustenance.她因缺乏营养而虚弱。superstitionn.［C］［U］abeliefthatsomeobjectsoractionsareluckyorunlucky,orthattheycauseeventstohappen,basedonoldideasofmagic迷信；迷信行为It'sacommonsuperstitionthatblackcatsareunlucky.认为黑猫不吉利，这是一种普遍的迷信思想。toastv.cheer为……干杯toastthebrideandgroom为新娘和新郎祝酒toastthesuccessofanewcompany为新公司获得成功而乾杯essentiala.extremelyimportantandnecessary非常重要的；必不可少的e.g.Ismoneyessentialtohappiness?Essentialserviceswillbemaintained.religious

a.relatingtoreligions宗教的religiousworship,belief,faith宗教礼拜﹑信仰

areligiousservice宗教仪式

associationn.connection,combination联系~(withsb/sth)actionofassociatingorbeingassociated联合；

联系；

联盟；

合伙HisEnglishimprovedenormouslybecauseofhisassociationwithBritishpeople.因为他和英国人有来往,所以他的英语突飞猛进。prophetn.［C］amanwhopeopleintheChristian,Jewish,orMuslimreligionbelievehasbeensentbyGodtoleadthemandteachthemtheirreligion预言家Theylistenedtothewordsoftheprophet