考研考博-英语-南京工业大学浦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京工业大学浦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Centuriesofwindandrainhadwornawaythe（）onthegravestones.

问题1选项

A.descriptions

B.prescriptions

C.inscriptions

D.conscriptions

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。description“描述，描写”；prescription“药方；指示”；inscription“题词，铭文”；conscription“征兵，征用”。句意：几百年的风风雨雨早已把墓碑上的铭文侵蚀掉了。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Theorganizationissuedacryofalarmlastweek,citing"()evidence"thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

问题1选项

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。comparing“比较的”；completing“完成”；compelling“引人注目的；令人信服的”；composing“起镇静作用的”。句意：该组织上周发出警告，称有“有力的证据”表明，这些孩子接受的教育质量不如他们富裕的同龄人。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Uptothispointtherehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath,buttherelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.Dr.Giltaycarefullycontrolledthebaselineriskfactorslikebloodpressure,cholesterol,smokingandalcoholconsumptioninhisstudy.Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.

Whataboutthepossibilitythatsomeofthepessimisticsubjectsweresimplysufferingfromundiagnoseddepression?Afterall,depressionisastrongriskfactorforcardiovascularmortality.Dr.Giltayconcededthatthesubjectswerenotpsychiatricallyscreenedfordepressionoranyothermentaldisorder,sothisisapossibility.Buthesaiddepressionwasunlikelytoexplainthecorrelationbetweenpessimismandmortality.Perhaps,butweknowthatdepressionexists,too,onaspectrum.Mildchronicdepressivestateslikedysthymiacouldeasilymasqueradeaseverydaypessimism,sothisstudycannotruleoutmilddepressionasacontributortoexcessmortalityinthepessimisticsubjects.Still,assumingthatthesefindingsarereplicatedandoptimismdoesindeedconferasurvivaladvantage,howmechanismcouldexplainit?

Onepossibilityisthatoptimistsmaysimplycopebetterwithadversitythanpessimistsdoandengageinbehaviorsthataremorelikelytopromotehealth.Itiswellknown,forexample,thatoptimismisstronglyassociatedwithseekingsocialsupportandcopingbetterwithstress.Theremightevenbebiologicaldifferencesbetweenoptimisticandpessimisticpeoplethatgiveoptimistsanedge.Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones,whichcanadverselyaffectphysicalhealth.Atthispoint,pessimismintheabsenceofclinicaldepressionisnotconsideredadiseaseorariskfactorfordevelopingone.Butifthesedataarereplicated,perhapsitshouldbe.Ifthat’sthecase,thentrialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants,won’tbefarbehind.Afterall,thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraitslikesociability,eveninpeoplewithoutdepression.

Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.Twolargerandomizedtrialsinvolvingdepressedheart-attackpatientsfoundnosurvivalbenefitintreatingthemwitheithercognitivebehaviortherapyorserotonin-enhancingantidepressants,thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.

21.Wecanconvincinglyinferfromthefirstparagraphthat___________.

22.Comparingpessimistswithoptimists,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

23.Theoptimism-enhancingtreatmentscan___________.

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanconcludethat___________.

25.Thepassagemainlywantstotellusthat___________.

问题1选项

A.normalpersonalityguaranteesgoodhealth

B.pessimismconstitutesafatalthreatforhealth

C.therelationshipbetweenpessimismanddeathisbeinginvestigated

D.pessimismresultsinmortality

问题2选项

A.Optimistshavebetterperceptionoftheirfuture.

B.Pessimistshavehighermorbidity.

C.Optimistsarelesslikelytosufferfromcardiovasculardisease.

D.Optimistsenjoylongerlivesthanpessimists.

问题3选项

A.helpdevelopnormalpersonality

B.helpdecreaseheartdisease

C.helpenhancethelifespan

D.helpcuretheclinicaldepression

问题4选项

A.depressioncouldbetreatable

B.doctorsareawareofthecausesfordepression

C.pessimistshavetoworryabouttheirshorterlifespan

D.treatingdepressioncancureheartdiseaseandotherfataldiseases

问题5选项

A.pessimismisverycommonamongurbancitizens

B.pessimistsaredoomedtoliveashorterlife

C.optimismguaranteesalongerandhealthierlife

D.pessimismishighlyriskyforourhealth

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】21.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第1段，第1句therelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.（乐观主义等正常人格特征与健康之间的关系还没有得到彻底的研究。）由此判断，正常的人格特征与健康之间的关系还有待研究，A选项“正常的人格确保了健康”过于肯定，排除；第3句Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.（即使在控制了这些混杂变量后，与乐观主义者相比，悲观主义者的死亡率仍然要高出很多。）由此判断，导致死亡的因素有很多，比如前文的bloodpressure,cholesterol“血压、血脂”等，而悲观主义与死亡之间有很大的关系，B选项“悲观主义是健康的一个致命威胁”与原文表述一致；D选项“悲观导致了死亡”表述过于绝对，未考虑其他因素，排除；第1段最后一句Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.（当他考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时，毫不奇怪，乐观者的预见能力更好——悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。）由此判断，该研究用悲观者与乐观者对比，不仅研究其死亡率的不同，而且研究其对自己健康水平的看法的不同，C选项“人们正在研究悲观主义和死亡之间的关系”表述不够准确。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

22.事实细节题。本题选择表述不正确的一项。A选项“乐观主义者对他们的未来的预见能力更好”，根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句whenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter.（当他考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时，毫不奇怪，乐观者的预见能力更好。）由此判断，乐观者对未来健康状况的预见能力更好，A选项与原文相符；B选项“悲观者发病率更高”，根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.（悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。）B选项与原文表述一致；C选项“乐观者不太可能患心血管疾病”，根据关键词定位到第1段第1句therehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath.（有确凿的证据表明，某些病理精神状态，如抑郁症，与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关。）由此判断，心血管病与不好的精神状态有关，乐观者是好的心理状态，他们患心血管病的可能性不大，C选项与原文表述相符；D选项“乐观者比悲观者的寿命更长”根据关键词定位到原文倒数第2句Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（最后，悲观者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心他们自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，悲观者的生命不一定短暂，此外原文没有关于乐观者与悲观者寿命长短的比较，D选项的表述不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

23.事实细节题。题干“乐观疗法可以……”可定位到原文第3段trialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants（乐观疗法的尝试，包括心理疗法，可能还有抗抑郁药）。A选项“有助于发展正常的人格”，可定位到第3段最后一句thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraits（初步证据表明，提高血清素的抗抑郁药可以改变正常的人格特征），即乐观疗法可以帮助发展正常人格，A选项与原文相符；B选项“有助于减少心脏病”，可定位到原文第4段第2句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.（通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治疗抑郁症并不能减少心脏病，心理疗法是用来治疗抑郁症的，因此它也不能减少抑郁症，B选项与原文不符；C选项“有助于延长寿命”，可定位到原文最后一段第1、2句Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.（但即使悲观主义可以“治疗”，这就能保证更长的寿命吗？从最近对抑郁症的研究来看，这可能不是一件容易的事。）由此可知，寿命不一定能被延长，C选项与原文不符；D选项“有助于治愈临床抑郁症”，可定位到原文倒数第3句…thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.（尽管他们的抑郁症确实有所改善），选项中cure是治好的意思，与原文improve“改善”不符。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

24.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段。A选项“抑郁症是可治疗的”，可定位到原文最后一句Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.（不过，如果说悲观者应该担心什么的话，那就是他们可能患有一种未被诊断的、可治疗的抑郁症。）由此可推断，抑郁症是可治疗的，A选项与句意相符；B选项“医生意识到了抑郁症的原因”，可定位到第3段Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones…（如果你认为抑郁症与许多神经递质和激素的改变有关，这就不是那么牵强了……）全文只有这个地方提到了抑郁症可能与神经递质和激素的改变有关，并没有其他地方提及抑郁症的成因，无法得知医生是否意识到了抑郁症的原因，B选项排除；C选项“悲观者不得不担心他们更短的寿命”，可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（悲观主义者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，悲观者不需要担心寿命短暂的问题，C选项与原文表述相反，排除；D选项“治疗抑郁症可以治好心脏病和其他致命的疾病”，可定位到最后一段第3句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.（通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。）由此可知，治疗抑郁症并不能治好心脏病，D选项的表述与原文相反，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

25.作者意图题。题干“这篇文章主要想告诉我们……”，本文第1段介绍了某些病理精神状态，比如抑郁，与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关，以及Dr.Giltay的实验表明与乐观者相比，悲观者的死亡率和发病率更高；第2段讨论了悲观者死亡率更高的可能原因——可能有抑郁症，并提出为什么乐观者身体更健康的问题；第3段回答了上文提出的问题，并提出乐观疗法有可能可以治疗抑郁症；第4段总结悲观者可能患有未被查出的抑郁症，但即使抑郁症可以被治疗，也不能延长寿命。A选项“悲观主义在城市居民中很常见”，本文并未就悲观主义是否常见进行讨论，排除；B选项“悲观者注定活得更短”，可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.（悲观者有足够多的烦恼，而不必担心自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。）由此判断，作者认为悲观者不必担心自己的生命短暂，那么作者的意图不会是想告诉读者悲观者的寿命短暂，且B选项的表述过去绝对，排除；C选项“乐观能保证更长寿、更健康的生活”，根据全文判断，文章的主要讨论对象是悲观主义与悲观者，C选项“乐观”的作用，不会是作者的意图，排除；D选项“悲观主义对我们的健康非常有害”，根据段落大意判断，表述正确，且符合题意。因此，本文最佳选项为D。

4.单选题

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink，beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks（

）.

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

（

）.

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

（

）.

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

（

）.

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories，theauthorthinksthatthebook（

）.

问题1选项

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

问题2选项

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

问题3选项

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

问题4选项

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

问题5选项

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

问题6选项

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.（手册常常是相当枯燥无味的东西，偶尔也可用作资料来源和引证，但几乎不值得一读。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段，根据“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.（首先，它是完全令人耳目一新，有一个全面的人格工作，不特别关注人格理论。）”，结合题干中的否定词“doesnot...”，即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段倒数第二句，“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德这样的理论家，当他们的观点与正在讨论的话题相关时，会被提及，但幸运的是，没有包括对主要理论的总结。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段，根据“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientists...(他们选择得很好，而且非常成功地获得了权威科学家的参与)”即可推断得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段，根据“Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex(它唯一明显的不足是缺少名称索引)”，即可得出本题答案。

6.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“Thishandbookwould,Ithink,beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwitha

particulartheoreticalpassion，…”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

5.单选题

WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-generalRenatoRuggierspredictedthattheWTOwouldboostglobalincomesby51trillioninthenexttenyears.Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.Manygovernmentsaremakingtelecomderegulationapriorityandmakingiteasierforoutsiderstoenterthetelecommunicationbusiness.

Thepacevarieswidely.TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.Thatshouldjumptoabout75%inacoupleofyears--largelyduetotheTelecomActintheU.S.lastyearthatderegulatedlocalmarkets,theopeningupoftheEuropeanUnionsmarketsfromJan.1,1998andthederegulationinJapan.TheWTOdealnowprovidesaforumfortheinevitabledisputesalongtheway.Itisalsosymbolic:thefirstmajortradeagreementofthepost-industrialage.Insteadofbeingobsessedwithtextilequotas,theWTOpactisproofthatgovernmentsarerealizingthatinaninformationage,telecomistheoilandsteelofeconomiesinthefuture.Businessesaroundtheworldarealreadyspendingmoreintotalontelecomservicesthantheydoonoil.

Consumers,meanwhile,canlookforwardtoafutureoflowerprices—bysomeestimates,internationalcallingratesshoulddrop80%overseveralyears-andbetterservice.Thanksinparttothevastlyincreasedcallvolumecardedbythefiber-opticcablesthatspantheglobetoday,callinghalfaworldawayalreadycostslittlemorethantelephoningnextdoor.Themonopoliescannolongersrthighpricesforinternationalcallsinmanycountries.IntheU.s.,theworld'dmostfiercelycompetitivelongdistancemarket,frequentcallerssincelastyearhavebeenpayingabout12centsaminutetocallBritain,apricenotmuchmorethandomesticrates.

ThenewcompetitiveenvironmentonthehorizonmeansmoreopportunitiesforcompaniesfromtheU.S.andU.K.inparticularbecausetheyhaveplentyofpracticeattherough-and-tumbleoffreemarkets.TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.Britainhasbeenderegulatedsince1984butwillseeevenmorecompetitionthanbefore;inDecember,thegovernmentissued45newinternationallicensestojoinBritainTelecomsothatitwillbecomeastrongcompetitorintheinternationalmarket.However,theonce-cossetedindustrywillgetrougherworldwide.Returnsoncapitalwillcomedown.Riskswillgoup.Thatishowfreemarketswork.Itwilllooklikeanybusiness.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainthemeofthepassage?

2.Whatdoes"wellaheadofthepack"meaninrespectoftheU.S.andBritain?

3.Wecanreasonablyconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

4.Inlastparagraph,theword"lobby"probablymeans“（）”.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisagreatpotentialintheworldtelecommarket.

B.TheWTOpacthasboostedarapiddevelopmentoftelecomallovertheworld.

C.TheWTOpacthasopenedupbiggertelecommarketstocompetition.

D.Governmentshaverealizedtheimportanceoftelecommunication.

问题2选项

A.Theirtelecomtechnologyismuchmoreadvanced.

B.Theirtelecommarketsaremuchmoreopen.

C.Theyhavemoremoneyinvestedinforeigntelecombusiness.

D.Theyhavemorecompetitioninthetelecommarkets.

问题3选项

A.theworldtelecommarkethasbeenfullyexploredsincethesigningoftheWTOpact

B.telecomcompaniesoftheU.S.andU.K.willundoubtedlydominatetheworldtelecommarket

C.manygovernmentshavegrantedagreatinvestmentintheirtelecombusiness

D.theWTOpactmeanstoughercompetitionfortelecomcompaniesandgentlerpriceforcallers

问题4选项

A.persuade

B.approve

C.separate

D.imitate

问题5选项

A.informativeandneutral

B.seriousandcautions

C.enthusiasticandoptimistic

D.analyticalandworried

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Thepactpavesthewayformoreforeigninvestmentandcompetitionintelecommakers.”该协议为更多外国投资和电信业竞争铺平了道路。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的二三句“TheU.S.andBritainarewellaheadofthepack,whileThailandwon'tfullyopenuntil2006.only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”美国和英国遥遥领先意味着他们的电信市场更加开放。选项B正确。

3.根据第二段的第三句“only20%ofthe5601billionworldmarketiscurrentlyopentocompetition.”说明电信市场还没有完全开放,所以选项A错误；选项B的说法太绝对,也不正确；选项C政府投资在文中没有提及。根据倒数第二段的内容可知选项D正确。

4.根据原句“TheU.S.lobbiedhardfortheWTOdeal,confidentthatitsfirmswouldbebigbeneficiariesofmoreopenmarkets.”美国相信他们的企业将成为更多开放市场中的最大受益者。所以美国一直在为WTO达成协议说好话,试图说服WTO尽快达成协议,所以选项A符合原文。

5.作者在原文中没有表现出自己的观点,只是描述详细的信息,所以选项A正确。

6.单选题

Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto（

）thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.

问题1选项

A.partwith

B.givein

C.payoff

D.letout

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。partwith意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；givein意为“屈服”；payoff意为“付清”；letout意为“出租，放出，发出”。

句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。

7.单选题

（）Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.

问题1选项

A.Eventhough

B.Unless

C.Aslongas

D.However

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只要我知道钱是安全的,我就不会担心。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Whenthehostessreceivedmycomplimentonhernewcar,sherespondedwithgreatpleasureabouthowthecarisa（）buy.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.choice

C.superior

D.eloquent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:modest“谦虚的”；B:choice“精选的”；C:superior“优秀的，出众的”；D:eloquent“意味深长的”。句意：当女主人听到我对她新车的赞美，她高兴地对我讲起来这辆车是如何精心挑选的。结合此处句意，故B为正确答案。

9.单选题

TheUnitedNationsPopulationFundhaspickedOctober31asthedaytheworldwillbehometo7

billionpeople.

Forbetterandworse,it’samilestone.

Andtherewillbemoremilestonesahead.Fourteenyearsfromnow,thereareexpectedtobe8

billionpeopleontheplanet.Mostofthegrowthwilloccurintheworld’spoorercountries.

Proportionally,Europe’spopulationwilldecline,whileAfrica’swillincrease.Ataroundthesametime,

IndiawillovertakeChinaasthemostpopulousnationonEarth.

Thegrowingglobalpopulationisjustonesideofthecoin.ArecentreportfromtheWorldHealth

Organizationsignaledtheseriousnessofthehumanpopulationexplosion:morethan3billionpeople—

abouthalftheworld’spopulation—aremalnourished.Neverbeforehavesomany,orsuchalarge

proportion,oftheworld’speoplebeenmalnourished.

Andinagrowingnumberofcountriesthereisaseeminglyunstoppablemarchtowardsub-

replacementfertility,wherebyeachnewgenerationislesspopulousthanthepreviousone,and

populationaging.

Asaresultofdecliningfertilityandincreasinglongevity,thepopulationsofmoreandmore

countriesareagingrapidly.Between2005and2050,ariseinthepopulationaged60yearsoroverwill

bevisible,whereasthenumberofchildren(personsunderage15)willdeclineslightly.

Populationagingrepresents,inonesense,asuccessstoryformankind,butitalsoposesprofoundchallengestopublicinstitutionsthatmustadapttoachangingagestructure.

ThelatestnationalcensusinChinashowsthenumberofelderlypeopleinthecountryhasjumpedto

morethan13.3percentofthepopulation,anincreaseofnearly3percentagepointsonthepercentage

fromthepreviouscensusin2000.Aquarterofthecountry’spopulationwillbeover65by2050,

accordingtotheNationalPopulationandFamilyPlanningCommission.

Thegrowingnumberofelderlyisachallengethatthegovernmentneedstotackle；wecan’trelyon

theever-increasingpopulationtosupportthemormaintainthenation’seconomicgrowth.Better

solutionsareneeded,suchasraisingretirementagestoreflectthegreaterlongevityandworking

capabilityoftoday’solderadultsandmakingadjustmentssopensionprogramsaremoreaccessible.

ItwashearteningtoheartheMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurityspokesperson

announcedinBeijingonTuesdaythatthegovernmentwilltakeretirementpolicyseriouslyand

proactively.

ShanghaibegantestingaflexibleretirementsystemlastOctober.Eligibleemployeesintheprivate

sectorareallowedtopostponeretirementuntiltheageof65formenand60forwomen.Public

servants,however,willcontinuetoretireunderthepresentsystemage60formenand55forwomen.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Indiawill_____in14years.

2.Whatproblemwillresultfromtheglobalpopulationexplosion?

3.PopulationonagingrepresentsthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Today’solderadultsenjoy（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthespokesperson’sannouncement?

问题1选项

A.beapoorercountry

B.bethemostpopulouscountry

C.declineinpopulation

D.increaseinvestmentinAfrica.

问题2选项

A.Populationaging.

B.Increasinglongevity.

C.Decliningfertility.

D.Expandingmalnourishment.

问题3选项

A.rapideconomicdevelopment

B.challengetopublicinstitutions

C.successstoryofmankind

D.changingagestructure

问题4选项

A.moreworkingyears

B.moreaccessiblepensionprograms

C.greaterlongevity

D.greatergovernmentsupport

问题5选项

A.Angered.

B.Delighted.

C.Indifferent.

D.Disappointed.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，印度将在14年后______。根据关键词India和14years定位到文章第三段最后一句“IndiawillovertakeChinaasthemostpopulousnationonEarth”，印度将超越中国成为人口最大国。因此B选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：全球人口激增将带来什么问题？文章第四段第二句提到“人口激增”。紧接着后文提到“morethan3billionpeople—abouthalftheworld’spopulation—aremalnourished”，可知营养不良的人口增多，范围会扩大。因此D选项符合题意。

3.细节题。题干：人口老龄化带来的问题除了_____。第七段提到人口老龄化的问题“Populationagingrepresents,inonesense,asuccessstoryformankind,butitalsoposesprofoundchallengestopublicinstitutionsthatmustadapttoachangingagestructure.”除了A选项的“经济快速发展”没有体现外，其他都是人口老龄化的问题。因此A选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：现在的老年人享有_____。文章第九段提到“Bettersolutionsareneeded,suchasraisingretirementagestoreflectthegreaterlongevityandworkingcapabilityoftoday’solderadultsandmakingadjustmentssopensionprogramsaremoreaccessible”，可知，在（人口老龄化）这种情况下需要更好的解决方法，比如考虑到如今老年人的寿命越来越长，以及他们的工作能力，可以采取提高退休年龄的方法；也可作出政策调整，使养老金计划更改。由此可知，如今老年人的寿命是越来越长的。因此C选项正确。

5.态度题。题干：作者对发言人的声明持什么态度？关于发言人的生明出现在文章倒数第二段第一句，使用的语句是“itishearteningtohear振奋人心的”，可知作者对于声明持积极态度。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

ThemajorobstacletothereforminNewOrleans,(),ismoney.

问题1选项

A.asisitacrossthecountry

B.asitisacrossthecountry

C.asitwereacrossthecountry

D.aswereitacrossthecountry

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。主句是现在时，排除C和D选项。as后不需要使用倒装结构，因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

HarvardUniversity’sunder-graduateeducationisbeingreformedsothatitincludessometimespentoutsidetheUSandmoresciencecourses,theUSCableNewsNetwork(CNN)hasreported.Forthefirsttimein30years,Harvardis（1）itsunder-graduatecurriculum.WilliamKirby,deanofthefacultyofartsandsciences,saidthis

（2）

whatmanypeoplehadsaidthatHarvard’scurriculumdidnotprovideenoughchoiceandencourageprematurespecialization.

“Harvardneedsto

（3）

itseducationforaworldwhereglobalconnections,crossdisciplinaryresearch,andscienceingeneralareevermoreimportant,”saidKirby.

Particularly

（4）

istheideathatstudentsneedtospendtimeoverseas,eitherinatraditionalstudy-abroadprogramoroverasummer,perhapsdoinganinternshiporresearch.

Studentscaneitherfindtheprogramthemselvesor

（5）

someexchangeprogramsofferedbytheuniversity.

“

（6）

studyingChinesehistorywithoutleavingtheuniversity,studentsinterestedinthesubjectshouldbespendingasemesteratauniversityinChina.”

ItwasalsorecommendedthatHarvard

（7）

itsrequired“corecurriculum”.Thecorecurriculumwasaneffortcreatedin1978tobroadeneducationbyrequiringstudentstochoosefromalistofcoursesinseveralareasofstudy.Classesoftenfocusedonahighly

（8）topicandemphasized“waysofknowing”.

Underanewplan,thecurriculumwouldbereplacedwithasetof

（9）

“HarvardCollegeCourses”，