考研考博-英语-上海中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday’smediacompaniesisverticalintegration—anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce,eachparthelpingtheother.Besidespublishingmagazinesandbooks,TimeWarner,forexample,ownsHomeBoxOffice(HBO),Warnermoviestudios,variouscableTVsystemsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCNNaswell.TheJapanesecompanyMatsushitaownsMCARecordsandUniversalStudiosandmanufacturesbroadcastproductionequipment.

Todescribethefinancialstatusoftoday’smediaisalsototalkaboutacquisitions.Themediaarebuyingandsellingeachotherinunprecedentednumbersandformingmediagroupstopositionthemselvesinthemarketplacetomaintainandincreasetheirprofits.In1986,thefirsttimeabroadcastnetworkhadbeensold,twonetworksweresoldthatyear—ABCandNBC.

Mediaacquisitionshaveskyrocketedsince1980fortworeasons.Thefirstisthatmostbigcorporationstodayarepubliclytradedcompanies,whichmeansthattheirstockistradedononeofthenation’sstockexchanges.Thismakesacquisitionsrelativelyeasy.

Amediacompanythatwantstobuyapubliclyownedcompanycanbuythatcompany’sstockwhenthestockbecomesavailable.TheopenavailabilityofstockinthesecompaniesmeansthatanybodywithenoughmoneycaninvestintheAmericanmediaindustries,whichisexactlyhowRupertMurdochjoinedthemediabusiness.

Thesecondreasonfortheincreaseinmediaalliancesisthatbeginningin1980,theFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)graduallyderegulatedthebroadcastmedia.Before1980,forexample,theFCCallowedonecompanytoownonlyfiveTVstations,liveAMradiostations,andfiveFMradiostations;Companiesalsowererequiredtoholdontoastationforthreeyearsbeforethestationcouldbesold.Thepost-1980FCCeliminatedthethree-yearruleandraisedthenumberofbroadcastholdingsallowedforoneowner.Thistrendofmediaacquisitionsiscontinuingthroughoutthe1990s,aschangingtechnologyexpandsthemarketformediaproducts.

Theissueofmediaownershipisimportant.Ifonlyafewcorporationsdirectthemediaindustriesinthiscountry,theoutletsfordifferingpoliticalviewpointsandinnovativeideascouldbelimited.

1.WhatdoTimeWarnerandMatsushitahaveincommon?

2.Itistrueaboutthemediamentionedinthepassagethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmakesacquisitionseasier?

4.TheFCC’snewpolicyregardingmediaalliancesisthat（）.

5.Theissueofmediaownershipisimportantbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.TheybothbelongtoRupertMurdoch.

B.TheyarebothbigAmericanmediacorporations.

C.Theyarebothoutletofdifferingviewpointsandinnovativeideas.

D.Theybothownseveraldifferentbutrelatedmediabusinesses.

问题2选项

A.usedtosellandbuyeachotheringreatnumbers

B.aretradingeachotheringreaternumberstoday

C.usedtobecontrolledbytwonetworks—ABCandNBC

D.havestoppedthetrendofacquisitionsinthe1990s

问题3选项

A.Thechangingtechnologyemployedbythemedia.

B.Themedia’sincreasingprofitsinthemarketplace.

C.TheeventougherregulationsoftheFCConthemediasince1980.

D.Theavailabilityofthemedia’sstocksonstockexchanges.

问题4选项

A.itallowscompaniestoselltheirstockspublicly

B.itdoesn’tallowcompaniestoselltheirstockspublicly

C.itpermitsonecompanytoownmoremediabusinessesatthesametime

D.itmeansthatmoreandmorepeoplewillholdontoonlyafewstations

问题5选项

A.itaffectstheamountofmoneythestockholderswillmake

B.itdecideswhetherwecanhavedifferentaspectsofthemedia

C.itconcernsthechannelsthroughwhichtoexpressopinions

D.itmeansthatmoreandmorepeoplewillholdontoonlyafewstations

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday’smediacompaniesisverticalintegration—anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce,eachparthelpingtheother.”，可知在当今的媒体公司中，最引人注目的趋势是纵向一体化，即试图同时控制媒体业务的几个相关方面，每个部分都互相扶持。下文就用TimeWarner和Matsushita这两家公司进行了举例说明。可判断出两家公司的共同点在于他们都拥有几家不同但相关的媒体公司。选项D符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Themediaarebuyingandsellingeachotherinunprecedentednumbersandformingmediagroupstopositionthemselvesinthemarketplacetomaintainandincreasetheirprofits.”，可知媒体正以前所未有的数量相互买卖，并组建媒体集团，以便在市场上站稳脚跟，维持和增加利润。可判断出文章中提到的媒体正大量地进行交易。选项B符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第三段，“Thefirstisthatmostbigcorporationstodayarepubliclytradedcompanies,whichmeansthattheirstockistradedononeofthenation’sstockexchanges.”，可知首先，如今媒体大多数大公司都是上市公司，这意味着它们的股票可以在国家的股票市场交易。可判断出收购交易数量增加的原因就在于媒体股票在股票市场中交易的实现。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第五段，“Thepost-1980FCCeliminatedthethree-yearruleandraisedthenumberofbroadcastholdingsallowedforoneowner.”，可知1980年以后，FCC废除了三年售出禁令并提高了一个老板可拥有传媒公司的数量。可判断出FCC在媒体公司方面的新政策是它允许一家公司同时拥有更多的媒体业务。选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Ifonlyafewcorporationsdirectthemediaindustriesinthiscountry,theoutletsfordifferingpoliticalviewpointsandinnovativeideascouldbelimited.”，可知如果只有少数几家公司在这个国家管理媒体产业，那么发表不同的政治观点和创新思想的渠道可能会受到限制。可判断出媒体所有权的问题很重要，原因在于它关乎到人们表达意见和观点的渠道。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Thesalmonisoneofourmostvaluablefish.Itoffersusfood,sportandprofit.Everyyearcommercialfishing（1）aharvestofoverabillionpoundsofsalmonfromthesea.Hundredsofthousandsofsalmonarecaughteachyearbyeager（2）fishers.

Inautumn,theriversoftheNorthwesternUnitedStatescome（3）withsalmon.Thesalmonhavelefttheoceanandare（4）theiryearlyrunuprivertospawn.Yettoday,therearefarfewersalmonthan（5）becausethesalmon（6）hassufferedfrommanyperilsofthemodernage.

Waterpollutionhaskilledmanysalmonby（7）themofoxygen.Over-fishinghasfurtherdecreasedtheirnumber.Damshasanother（8），becausetheylockmigrationpaths.Fishladders,（9）steppedpools,havebeenbuiltsothatsalmoncanswim（10）overthedams.Butyoungsalmonswimmingtotheoceanhavetrouble（11）theladders.Oftenthey（12）theirdeathsoverthedamorarekilledingianthydroelectricturbines.

（13）Americawillcontinuetohaveplentyofsalmon,conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto（14）thesalmonpopulation.Conservationofficialshavehadsomesuccess（15）salmoninhatcheriesandstockingsalmonriverswiththem.Salmonarealsobeingintroducedintonewareas.In1996,hundredsofthousandsofyoungCohosalmonwereplantedinstreamsoffLakeMichigan.TheadultswereexpectedtoMigratetothelakeandfeeduponanundesirablefish.TheCohoesthrivedsowellonthiskindoffishinLakeMichiganthatCohoesarebeingplantedinotherGreatLakes.

Thankstotheforesightandplanningofconservationists,thevaluablesalmonshouldbearoundAmericanshores,riversandlakesforalongtimetocome.

问题1选项

A.resultsin

B.resultsfrom

C.resultsat

D.resultedin

问题2选项

A.commerce

B.sports

C.salmon

D.kindness

问题3选项

A.alive

B.active

C.live

D.about

问题4选项

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.by

问题5选项

A.everso

B.eversince

C.everafter

D.everbefore

问题6选项

A.production

B.population

C.family

D.growing

问题7选项

A.forbidding

B.exploiting

C.robbing

D.endangering

问题8选项

A.danger

B.obstacle

C.problem

D.element

问题9选项

A.madeupfor

B.madeupto

C.madeup

D.madeupof

问题10选项

A.properly

B.safely

C.quickly

D.frequently

问题11选项

A.discover

B.toclimb

C.finding

D.measuring

问题12选项

A.fallto

B.fallback

C.fallacross

D.fallaway

问题13选项

A.Sothat

B.Sofaras

C.Somuchas

D.Solongas

问题14选项

A.explode

B.develop

C.increase

D.catch

问题15选项

A.supporting

B.raising

C.keeping

D.resulting

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:C

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

【解析】1.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:每年的商业捕鱼导致从海洋中收获超过十亿磅的三文鱼。故A项符合句意。

2.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:急不可耐的…渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。因此B项符合句意。Sport本身有“娱乐”的意思,在这里表示“消遣性渔民”。

3.考查固定搭配。comealive热闹起来，活跃起来。其它选项均不能与come构成搭配。

4.考查介词辨析。句意为:三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。因此，C项介词较为合适。

5.逻辑分析。根据前文的yet“然而”，可推知此处是“现在和过去”的对比，即如今的三文鱼的数量比从前少。因此D项“以前”符合句意。

6.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:三文鱼…在现代遭受了很多危险。因此B项“种群，数量”符合句意。

7.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。空格处动词应与介词of进行搭配。因此C项符合句意。Robsb./sth.ofsth.剥夺某人/某物所需或应得之物。

8.考查名词辨析。该处解题可以参考前面句意:水污染杀死了很多三文鱼。因此推测该处句意为:大坝是另一个危险，因为它们阻断了迁移的路径。故选A项。

9.考查短语辨析。选项均为对应动词短语的过去分词形式作定语修饰fishladders;steppedpools表示“阶梯式游泳池”。四个选项的意思分别是：makeupfor弥补;补偿；makeuptosb.献媚；奉承;makeup编造;化妆；bemadeupof由…构成。因此，根据句意，D构成句意“由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯”，符合语境和搭配，故为正确答案。

10.考查副词辨析。该处句意为:建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能…游过大坝。因此B项“安全地”符合句意。

11.语义题。根据固定搭配havetroubledoingsth.(在…方面有困难)可以排除A和B项。根据句意可知C项“发现梯子”正确。

12.考查短语辨析。该句有并列连词or,or并列的是动词是arekilled和空格处。因此A项符合句意,表示“掉到大坝上摔死”。

13.逻辑分析。逗号后面是完整的句子，因此，前半句应该有相关的连词或关系词。后文句意为：生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加鲑鱼的数量。因此此处是说鲑鱼的数量减少了，满足条件的是D选项“使濒危”。

14.考查动词辨析。该处句意为:自然环境和野生动植物提倡保护者计划了几种方式以增加族群数量。故C项符合句意。

15.考查动词辨析。该处搭配为:havesuccessindoingsth.在某方面取得成功。根据并列的部分stockingsalmonrivers可知，“raisesalmoninhatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境。

3.翻译题

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（罗伯特·贝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系统提供许多奖励：科学发现（最终甚至不可预见的应用）、深思熟虑的政治领导、智慧的公共演讲、文化活力以及受过教育的劳动力。高等院校有以下几个协调目标,这几个目标是相辅相成的。其目的在于个人与社会，私人和公共，经济、道德和智力之间的协调。当然，高等教育具有实用功能。在这方面，正如罗伯特·贝拉指出的那样，它拥有"自己的合法性"。然而，关键是要结合和整合其他意图和目的的功能，就像贝拉所呼吁的那样"教育为品格、公民身份和文化的发展服务"。

2.尽管生物会深受其环境的影响是确凿无疑的，但同样重要的是，我们应记住，许多生物也能极大地改变它们的栖息地，从而在某些情况下限制着它们自身的生长。某一生态系统中的生物组成部分的影响在淡水环境中往往要比在海洋或陆地系统中大，因为淡水中许多生物体的身体尺寸都很小。

4.单选题

Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,（

）aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.

问题1选项

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项as“因为、正如、虽然”；B选项while“虽然、尽管”；C选项after“在……之后”；D选项since“自……以后”，根据句意：我希望针对空气污染的所有预防措施将会如当地政府所建议的那样在这里被认真考虑。以及语法结构可知填入部分充当方式状语，as“正如”符合题意，故正确答案选A。

5.单选题

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

问题1选项

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

问题2选项

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

问题5选项

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】6.判断推理题。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者对这一项目持的是肯定态度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一项措施不仅能立即提振经济，还能立即救济那些最需要帮助的人）说明了这一项目的好处，指出这一项目是解决两大问题的措施；然后，作者批评了第107届国会Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（这是第107届国会最大的失败之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一届国会应当重新考虑并采纳这一项目，因此A选项“即将到来的国会应该重新考虑”正确。B选项“被排除在经济刺激计划之外”；C选项“由众议院精心设计的救济计划”以及D选项“由共和党和民主党共同提出”，都是不正确的。

7.事实细节题。本题实际上考查的是对第一段最后一句中的主语it所指的理解。该段在提出提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（参议院在11月份休会之前批准了这样一个项目。可众议院却不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是这种参议院批准而众议院否决该项目的情况，因此B选项“失业保险延期未获批准”正确。A选项“众议院不同意参议院的意见”；C选项“经济没有得到提振”以及D选项“没有向有需要的人提供救济”都与原文不符，也无法由原文合理推知。

8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到细节题第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（该法案将不仅涉及联邦项目中登记的人，还包括提供13周的援助给在新的一年里那些失去国家福利的人。）可知，该法案不但覆盖了那些已经在联邦项目中登记了的人，也为那些在新的一年中将失去州救济金的人提供13周的援助。再来对照选项，D选项“失业工人，有或没有联邦福利”覆盖最完整，因此正确。A选项“只有那些参加了联邦计划的人”；B选项“估计有95000名失业的工人”以及C选项“只有那些耗尽了国家资助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（众议院也应该这样做。众议院去年抱怨的一个问题是，克林顿-尼克尔斯法案耗资50亿美元，太昂贵了。考虑到众议院共和党人所考虑的减税成本，这是荒谬的。）这一段提到了众议院对Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，认为这一法案耗资太大。作者也表明了自己的看法认为它很荒唐，然后说明了原因。其言下之意很明显：众议院共和党提出的减税计划耗资比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他们认为后者耗资大才显得荒唐可笑。因此C选项“它的减税提议代价更大”正确。A选项“它提供的理由在很大程度上是无关紧要的”；B选项“克林顿•尼克尔斯的法案太昂贵了”以及D选项“这项法案的成本估计只有50亿美元”都与原文不符，也无法由原文推知。

10.判断推理题。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后来，他终于要求国会为这些工人延长该计划，并使福利从12月28日起生效。）中提到布什总统最后终于要求国会延长该项目，并于12月28日开始发放救济金。因前面已说过对许多失业工人的救济将在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故据此即可推知布什总统的要求已经太迟了。接着，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的态度That'snotenough.(那还不够)，并详细说明了布什总统的计划的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者认为总统的计划不完善。因此C选项“缺乏稳定性”正确。A选项“缺乏远见”；B选项“迟到和不完整的”以及D选项“详尽的但无效”三项都无法由原文推知。

6.单选题

Thismedicinewill（）thepaininthestomach.

问题1选项

A.ascertain

B.agitate

C.alleviate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ascertain“确定，查明”，B项agitate“摇动，骚动”，C项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，D项allocate“分配”。句意：这种药会减轻胃痛。根据句意，该题选C正确。

7.单选题

Wehadamarvelousholiday;onlythelasttwodayswasslightly（）byweather.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.enhanced

C.spoiled

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。damaged“破坏”；enhanced“提高；加强”；spoiled“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；diminished“减少；缩小”，根据句子前后的转折可知此处想表达的是最后两天受到了天气的不好影响，被破坏了，所以此处应该从damaged与spoiled两个中间选择，damage主要是指事物的价值或功能部分受损，spoil除了有溺爱、宠坏、破坏的意思外，还指事物完整性、完美性或者整体感受的破坏，此处表达的是最后两天由于坏的天气的影响，使其完美性遭到破坏，所以应该用spoil。句意：我们度过了一个十分愉快的假期，只有最后两天稍微被天气……了。故正确答案为选项C。

8.单选题

Therewasoncean（）ideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.

问题1选项

A.absurd

B.intrinsic

C.eternal

D.offensive

【答案】A

【解析】句意:曾经有一个荒谬的想法：认为地球是平的，静止的。

考查形容词辨析。absurd荒谬的;可笑的；intrinsic本质的;固有的;eternal永恒的;不朽的;offensive攻击的;冒犯的;无礼的;讨厌的。That从句解释说明了idea(想法):认为地球是平的，静止的。因此A项符合句意。

9.单选题

Recorded______oftoday’sbigfootballgamewillbeshownafternews.

问题1选项

A.summits

B.peaks

C.heights

D.highlights

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项summits“最高点；首脑会议”；B选项peaks“高峰的（时期）；（过程、活动的）顶峰”；C选项heights“顶点；高潮”；D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”。句意：今天录制的足球______将在新闻之后播放。根据语境，这里指足球比赛的精华集锦，D选项highlights“最精彩的部分”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsleadtofamilyinstability.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusband-and-wifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethatexpandingthesetoffamiliesthatcaneligiblygetsuchgrantswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.

Ifallpoorfamiliescouldwelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychangemarkedly?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonrelativeimportanceofthreetypesofpotentialwelfarerecipients.Thefirstisthe"Cheater"-thehusbandwhoisreportedtohaveabandonedhisfamily,butinfactdisappearsonlywhenthesocialworkerisintheneighborhood.Thesecondconsistsofalovinghusbandanddevotedfatherwho,sensinghisowninadequacyasafamilysupporter,leavessothathiswifeandchildrenmayenjoytherelativebenefitprovidedbypublicassistance.Thereisverylittleevidencethatthesetwotypesaresignificant

Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Thisgroupislarge.Theformation，maintenance,anddissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepanafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthebenefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionssocietyregardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalprocesshasevolvedtoreinforcemarriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.

Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandlotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.Expectedincomeexertspressuresairfamilyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernment-subsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.Rather,welfare-relatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernment-subsidizedpayments.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarriagewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

4.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina（

）.

问题1选项

A.Welfarerestrictiondonotcontributetolow-incomefamilyinstability

B.Themostsignificantkindofwelfarerecipientsisnotthe"cheating”father.

C.Thedivorcerateisboundtofallwhenwelfarebenefitsarecut.

D.Governmentwelfarepaymentsleaddirectlytogrowingdivorcerate.

问题2选项

A.confidentandoptimistic

B.scientificanddetached

C.discouragedandalarmed

D.politeandsensitive

问题3选项

A.Marriageislargelyshapedbypowerfulbutimpersonaleconomicandsocialforces

B.Marriagehasagreatervaluetohigherincomegroups

C.Societyhasnointerestinencouragingpeopletoremainmarriedtooneanother

D.Marriagewillgraduallygivewaytootherformsofsocialorganization.

问题4选项

A.basiceconomictext

B.bookonthehistoryofwelfare

C.religiousliteratureontheimportanceofmarriage

D.scholarlyjournaldevotedtopublicpolicyquestions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章针对许多批评家对当前的福利制度导致家庭不稳定的指责，分析了产生这种情况的原因，并得出了与批评者相反的结论，所以A选项‘福利限制不会导致低收入家庭的不稳定’正确。

2.观点态度题。文中作者科学而又客观地(scientificanddetached)分析了造成家庭解体的诸多因素，B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据原文中的“Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.婚姻的稳定性与就家庭消费和生产达成可接受的共识所付出的代价有关，也与婚姻社会经济团体不稳定的社会盛行价格有关。”确定A选项“婚姻在很大程度上是由强大但客观的经济和社会力量所决定的”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。本文主要分析了福利制度与家庭稳定性关系，属于公共政策问题，所以D选项‘专门研究公共政策问题的学术期刊’正确。

11.单选题

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

问题1选项

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

【解析】没有错误。句意:《道德经》几乎可以肯定是现代西方人中最受敬仰的中国古代哲学文本。自19世纪中期以来，它被多次翻译成英文。

12.单选题

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

问题1选项

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“关于，就…而言”；withaviewto“着眼于”。句意：我们给经理写信反映关于最近在以上地址进行维修的有关情况。C项符合句意，答案C

13.单选题

Parkinson’sdisease,firstdescribedintheearly1800sbyBritishphysicianJamesParkinsonasshakingpalsy”，isamongthemostprevalentneurologicaldisorders.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,atleastfourmillionpeopleworldwidehaveit；inNorthAmerica,estimatesrunfrom500,000toonemillion,withabout500,000diagnosedeveryyear.Thesefiguresareexpectedtodoubleby2040astheworld’selderlypopulationgrows；indeed,Parkinson’sandotherneurodegenerativeillnessescommonintheelderly(suchasAlzheimer’sandamyotrophiclateralsclerosis)areontheirwaytoovertakingcancerasaleadingcauseofdeath.Butthediseaseisnotentirelyoneoftheaged:50percentofpatientsacquireitafterage60；theotherhalfareaffectedbeforethen.Furthermore,betterdiagnosishasmadeexpertsincreasinglyawarethatthedisordercanattackthoseyoungerthan40.Sofarresearchersandclinicianshavefoundnowaytoslow,stoporpreventParkinson’s.Althoughtreatmentsdoexist—includingdrugsanddeep-brainstimulation—thesetherapiesalleviatesymptoms,notcauses.Inrecentyears,however,severalpromisingdevelopmentshaveoccurred.Inparticular,investigatorswhostudytheroleproteinsplayhavelinkedmiscreantproteinstogeneticunderpinningsofthedisease.Suchfindingsarefeedingoptimismthatfreshanglesofattackcanbeidentified.

Asits19th-centurynamesuggests—andasmanypeopleknowfromtheeducationaleffortsofprominentParkinson’ssuffererssuchasJanetReno,MuhammadAliandMichaelJ.Fox—-thediseaseischaracterizedbymovementdisorders.Tremorinthehands,armsandelsewhere,limbrigidity,slownessofmovement,andimpairedbalanceandcoordinationareamongthedisease’shallmarks.Inaddition,somepatientshavetroublewalking,talking,sleeping,urinatingandperformingsexually.

Theseimpairmentsresultfromneuronsdying.Althoughthevictimcellsaremanyandfoundthroughoutthebrain,thoseproducingtheneurotransmitterdopamineinaregioncalledthesubstantianigraareparticularlyhard-hit.Thesedopaminergicnervecellsarekeycomponentsofthebasalganglia,acomplexcircuitdeepwithinthebrainthatfine-tunesandco-ordinatesmovement.Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsinthesubstantianigra,eventhoughitcannotreplacethedeadcells.Butwhenhalformoreofthesespecializedcellsdisappear,thebraincannolongercoverforthem.Thedeficitthenproducesthesameeffectthatlosingairtrafficcontroldoesatamajorairport.Delays,falsestarts,cancellationsand,ultimately,chaospervadeaspartsofthebraininvolvedinmotorcontrol—thethalamus,basalgangliaandcerebralcortex—nolongerfunctionasanintegratedandorchestratedunit.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutParkinson’sdiseasecanbebestsupportedbythepassage?

2.TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatthedevelopmentsinthestudyofParkinson’sdiseasecanhelp________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausesParkinson’sdisease?

4.JanetRenoandMichaelJ.Foxarementionedinthepassagebecause().

5Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().

问题1选项

A.Parkinson’sdiseasewillbecomeoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathforthe