考研考博-英语-南京信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thepolice（

）himabouthismovementsatthelineofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.chuckled

B.blurted

C.grilled

D.pried

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。chuckle意为“轻声地笑”；blurt意为“突然说出，脱口而出”；grill意为“盘问，审问”；pry意为“打听，刺探”。

句意：警察在审问了他关于他在犯罪现场的行动。

2.单选题

Theimageofthevolunteersontelevisionadvertisingprovides（

）intopeople’sattitudetowardvolunteering.

问题1选项

A.insights

B.foresight

C.revelations

D.specifications

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项insights“深刻见解”；B选项foresight“先见”；C选项revelation“启示，揭露”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。句意为：志愿者在电视广告上的形象，体现了人们对志愿服务的态度。insightsinto“对……的深刻见解”符合题意，故答案选A。

3.单选题

DrMeekwrote:“Asistruewithmostanimals,thewolfisanopportunistwhilstthedeerisoneoftheshyest（）animalsinexistence.”

问题1选项

A.savage

B.tame

C.wild

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。选项A：savage“野蛮的，残酷的，狂怒的；荒凉的”;选项B:tame“驯服的，顺从的”；选项C:wild“野生的，野蛮的”；选项D：strange意为“奇怪的，陌生的”。根据题干意思，选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：Meek博士写道:“就像大多数动物一样，狼是机会主义者，而鹿是世界上最害羞的野生动物之一。”

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

世界银行预计，美元将在2025年丧失单一统治地位，而欧元与人民币将在一个“多种货币并存”的新型货币体系中确立平起平坐的地位。

失去这种转变的将是新兴市场经济体日益增强的实力与优势，其中有6个国家——巴西、印度、中国、印尼、俄罗斯和韩国一将在2025年占据全球增长总量一半以上。根据世行周二发布的一份报告，从现在起至2025年，新兴经济体将以每年4.7%的速度增长，远远快于同期发达经济体2.3%的年增速。“全球增长与投资的天平将向发展中或新兴经济体倾斜，”报告主要作者曼苏尔.戴拉米(MansoorDailami)表示，这种转变意义深远。戴拉米称，例如，这种实力转移将大力推动投资流入驱动全球増长的国家，跨境并购活动将显著增加。

企业界的格局也将发生变化一“你会看到老牌跨国企业将不再占据统治地位。”

此外，一种不同的国际货币体系将逐渐形成。美元作为世界主要储备货币的地位将告终。“美元当前的主导地位将在2025年前消失，被一种以美元、欧元和人民币为中心的货币体系所取代，这三种货币都将发挥成熟国际货币的作用，报告指出。报告还介绍了15年后货币市场“最可能”出现的三种情形。报告认为欧元是美元最“可信”的对手，但有一个问题需要留意。“欧元的地位必将增强，只要欧元能够成功化解多个成员国目前面临的主权债务危机，并能够避免与欧洲成员国相关的道德风险问题。”

对于中国，报告指出，官方通过发展离岸人民币市场和鼓励人民币在国际贸易结算和计价中的使用，已经启动了人民币的“国际化”进程。“人民币角色的提升，将有助于解决中国在全球舞台上的强大经济实力和中国仍严重依赖外国货币这两者之间的脱节。”世行首席经济学家林毅表示，世行描绘出的情形意味着金融机构必须“尽快适应，跟上形势。”

【答案】TheWorldBankpredictsthedollarwillloseasingledominantpositionin2025,whiletheeuroandtheRMBwillestablishanequalfootingpositioninanew“multicurrency”monetarysystem.

Itwillbetheincreasingstrengthandadvantageofemergingeconomythatlossthiskindofshift,including6countries—Brazil,India,China,Indonesia,RussiaandKoreain2025willoccupymorethanhalfofthetotalglobalgrowth.AccordingtoaWorldBankreportreleasedTuesday,fromnowuntil2025,emergingeconomieswillincreasebytherateof4.7%,ismuchfasterthandevelopedeconomyatthesameperiodwhoseannualgrowthrateis2.3%.“Thebalanceofglobalgrowthandinvestmentwillinclinetodevelopingoremergingeconomies”theauthorsofthereport,MansoorDailamisaidthatthesignificanceofthischangeisprofound.Dailamisaid,forexample,thisshiftinpowerwillvigorouslypromoteinvestmentflowstothecountriesdrivingglobalgrowth,cross-bordermergersandacquisitionswillincreasesignificantly.Thecorporatelandscapewillchangeand“youwillseethefamousmultinationalenterpriseswillnolongeroccupythedominantposition.”

Inaddition,adifferentinternationalmonetarysystemwillbegraduallyformed.Thedollarastheworld'smainreservecurrencywillend.“Thedominanceofthedollarwilldisappearin2025,beingreplacedbytheDollar,EuroandRMBasthecenterofthemonetarysystem,thisthreekindsofcurrencywillallplayamatureinternationalcurrencyrole,suggestedbythereport.Thereportalsopointedoutthree“mostlikely”kindsofsituationsoncurrencymarketsin15years.Thereportsaysthattheeurowillbethemost“credible”opponentsofdollar,butthereisaproblemneedingattention.“Aslongastheeurocansuccessfullyresolvethemaindebtcrisisencounteredbymultiplemembers,andavoidthemoralhazardproblemassociatedwiththeEuropeanmembers,itsstatuscanbestrengthened”.

ForChina,thereportpointedoutthatofficialhaslaunchedthe“internationalization”oftheprocessofRMBthroughexploringtheoffshoreRMBmarketandencouragingtheuseofRMBininternationaltradesettlementandvaluation.“ThepromotionoftheroleofRMBwouldhelpsolvethediscrepancybetweenChina’sstrongeconomicstrengthintheworldstageandthehighrelianceontheforeigncurrencies.”theeconomistoftheWorldBankchiefLinYisaidthatthesituationpresentedbytheworldbankmeansthatfinancialinstitutionsmust“adaptassoonaspossible,keepupwiththesituation”.

5.单选题

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

问题2选项

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

问题3选项

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

问题4选项

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

问题5选项

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，直到20世纪中叶，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，因为……”。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因为在几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，所以国家间几乎没有管辖权的冲突）可知，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，是因为几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，这里的“openseas”就相当于题干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A项“几乎没有控制或限制使用到海洋领域”正确。B项“海洋领域仅用于没有恶意的行为”没有提到；C项“海洋自由化的条例解决了所有有关航海及捕鱼的纷争”文中没有提到，且C项太绝对；D项“各国平等地享有公海使用权”，这不是管辖权争议少的原因。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据20世纪中叶以前适用的国际法理论，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，那么该国应……”。根据第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在这一范围内它有权但没有责任管理所有活动）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了对其本国公民的控制外，没有任何国家有责任控制国际水域内的这种活动，更不用说单方面的权力了）可推断，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，该国可以根据自身情况自行解决，因此可知D项“被允许自行决定解决这个问题，只要它能够遏制对自己领海的威胁”符合题意。A项“因未能适当管理海洋活动而受到国际组织的正式谴责”和B项“被其他国家呼吁建立保护其领海的规则”在文中没有提到；C项“能够但无须对此类商业活动做出法律限制”，根据第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于这一领土范围非常有限，大多数国家没有建立管理或保护其领海的规则）可推断，大多数国家对领海保护方面没有建立相应的法律规定，因此C项不对。故该题选D。

63.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者认为，在二十世纪中叶以前，大多数国家在领海和国际水域方面的行动表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.（总的来说，海洋污染不被认为是一个重大问题，部分原因是沿海活动对海洋生态系统的不利影响没有得到广泛认识，而人类活动造成的污染一般被认为仅限于航海造成的污染）可推断，大多数国家对领海和国际水域的生态管理不重视，因此A项“无论是领海还是国际水域的生态系统管理都没有得到足够的重视”符合题意。B项“国际水域的无限资源导致对领海的兴趣不大”和D项“虽然这些国家可以把领土延伸到海岸线三英里以外，但大多数国家选择不这么做”文中没有提到；C项“各国认为他们有责任保护领海，而不是国际水域”，文章只在第一段提到各国有权但没责任管理领海的活动，所以各国没有责任保护领海，C项不正确，故该题选A。

64.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“作者引用下列哪一项作为领海延伸超过三英里界限的影响?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems（将领土权力扩展到一个国家海岸外200英里的地方，为各国单独管理更大的生态系统提供了机会）可知，C项“这是一些国家管理大型海洋生态系统的机会”正确。A项“对个别国家施加更大的政治压力，要求它们制定管理海洋资源的全面法律”，B项“各国之间在公海渔业管理方面有更多的管辖权争端”和D项“这是小国家解决沿海污染问题的政治动机”在文中都未提及，故该题选C。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“总的来说这篇文章作为……来描述最好”。A项“导致当今危机的一系列事件的年表”，B项“对现行法律滥用和改革可能性的法律调查”，C项“对国家关注国际问题所固有问题的政治分析”，D项“对一个需要国际关注的问题的历史分析”。文章的主要内容是对海洋污染和生态系统遭到破坏的历史原因和现状的分析，指出国际标准和政策才能更广泛地管制影响海洋生态系统的人类活动，因此根据文章内容，该题D项符合题意。

6.案例题

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy（冷漠）they'veinheritedfromGenerationX（60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人）.It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

1.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A.Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B.Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C.YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D.YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

2.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

A.HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

B.WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C.WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D.HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

3.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A.TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B.PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C.Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D.TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

4.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

A.Theirembraceofradicalideas.

B.TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

C.TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

D.Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A.Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

B.Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

C.Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

D.Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

【答案】1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“showsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations”可知，选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的第一句“seekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters”可知，选项C符合原文。

3.

根据第二段的内容“willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration.”选项D符合原文。

4.

根据最后一段ProfessorHenryFlores说的话“[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking”可以看出正确答案为C。

5.

根据关键词“GenerationX”定位到文章最后一段的后半部分“Theresultcouldbe...theimageofapathythey'veinheritedfromGenerationX.”所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项conception“怀孕；概念；设想”；B选项consensus“一致；舆论；合意”；C选项contempt“轻视，蔑视；耻辱”；D选项concession“让步；承认；退位”。句意：当地政府减少汽油税来当作对公众强烈抗议的让步。根据句意可知D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis（

）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

问题1选项

A.confined

B.inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。四个选项都有“限制”的意思，其中A选项confine暗示束缚性、限制性的或阻挠性的限制；B选项inhibit强调禁止、抑制；C选项oblige除了“限制”外，还有“迫使”的含义，D选项restrict指限制行为、活动、事物的范围；句意是‘在有些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的成年人。’所以D选项正确。

9.翻译题

世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。一个国家丧失主权，人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度。

【答案】

Theworldneedspeace,foronlywithpeacecantherebedevelopment.Chinaearnestlyhopestohaveapeacefulinternationalenvironmentinordertoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandstandsreadytoworkwithothercountriestoadvancethenoblecauseofpeaceandprogressofmankind.

Respectforsovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesistheprerequisiteforsoundstate-to-staterelations.Whenacountrylosessovereignty,itspeoplelosedignityandstatus.Chinaisfirminupholdingitshard-wonsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityandwillnevertolerateanyexternalinterference.Atthesametime,Chinatreatseachotherasequals,Chinaalsorespectsthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofothercountriesaswellastheindependentchoiceoftheirpeopleforsocialsystemsanddevelopmentpaths.

10.单选题

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto（）.

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

问题1选项

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

问题2选项

A.Itisasystemthatallowsstudentstoimprovetheircompetencyallbythemselves.

B.Itwouldmaketeachersverybusyintheclassroom.

C.Itrequiresstudentstoattendclassonline,andthustheyneednotgotoclassroomanymore.

D.Itrequiresmakingtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.

问题3选项

A.showthatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

B.illustratehowagoodhighschoolperformsincompetency-basedlearningandtesting

C.showhowthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisdesignedbyhighschoolsandcollegesacrosstheUS

D.illustratethatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisveryimportantbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

问题4选项

A.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent’sactivityoncoursewebsitestohelptoassesshiscompetence.

B.Itmoreemphasizesinformaltestsandquizzestoknowhowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.

C.Thestudentwillnotbeofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexamunlesshemanagestounderstandalltheconceptsinthetextbook.

D.Teachersmustrequirestudentstoreadtextsandwatchvideosoncoursewebsites.

问题5选项

A.Wemustgetridofthedreadedexamswiththehelpofcomputersoftware.

B.Sincecoursematerialsareofferedonline,teachersneednotcareaboutstudents’performanceintheclassroom.

C.Sincethecompetency-basedlearningapproachwasprovedsuccessfulinsomecases,weshouldtrytoadoptitinmoreschools.

D.Weshouldtrytodevelopnewartificialintelligencesoftwaretocollecttheprivateinformationofteachersandstudents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.”，可知大考代表着一个一次性机会，将几个月或者几年学到的知识草草地写到纸上，可能会毁掉或者成就一个人未来的职业前景。可推断出一些考试确实能决定一个人的职业前景。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.”，可知这种能力本位学习要求为每个学生定制不同的教育计划。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第五段，“theVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.”，可知在基于能力的学习软件的应用方面，虚拟学习学院特许学校是一个突出的高中学校例子，可推断出举这个例子主要是为了描述以能力为基础的学习和测试在好的高中学校的表现。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第五段第二句，“Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthat…toestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.”，她获取学生在课程网站上的活动信息，他们访问过的页面等，实时确定学生对概念的理解程度。可推断出这个软件是通过学生的活动信息来判断他们的能力。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.”，可知自从这种基于能力的学习方法引入到亚利桑那州立大学的一些课程中，通过率提升了。所以可推断出作者会赞同这种基于能力的学习方式应该得到更多学校的采用。学习C符合题意。

11.单选题

TheIndianwarsgreatly（

）thedangersoffrontierlife.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.challenged

C.multiplied

D.enriched

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accumulate“积聚；堆积”；challenge“挑战”；multiply“繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich“使丰富”。句意：印度战争极大增加了边境生命的危险性。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Thecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and（）.

问题1选项

A.droughtsinothers

B.droughtsareothers

C.whileotherdroughts

D.othersindrought

【答案】A

【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floodsinsomeyears并列，droughtinothers中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Thecoalitionpartieshaveaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupporttheailingmarket.

问题1选项

A.rapidlyexpanding

B.steadilyimproving

C.makingchanges

D.havingdifficulties

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词ailing意为“生病的，身体不舒服的；病态的；处境困难的”；A选项“rapidlyexpanding”意为“迅速扩大的”；B选项“steadilyimproving”意为“稳定提高的”；C选项“makingchanges”意为“交换；更改”；D选项“havingdifficulties”意为“有困难的”。句意：联合政党已要求政府考虑动用更多资金，帮助支撑低迷的市场。由题干可知，thegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupportthemarket（政府考虑动用更多资金帮助支撑市场），可以推测出市场的情况不好，出现了困难。由此可知，ailing在此处最可能是“处境困难的”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Shemusthavebeenpretty（）tofallforsuchanoldtrick.

问题1选项

A.interested

B.gullible