考研考博-英语-云南大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

问题2选项

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

问题3选项

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

问题4选项

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

问题5选项

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知确定冲突的最佳水平存在困难。故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人惊讶的是，Schwenk发现，对于冲突的看法随着组织类型的不同而系统地变化。”接下来分别列举了盈利机构和非盈利机构对待冲突的不同看法。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利为目的的组织中，决策效能最常以财务术语来评估。高管们认为，共识而不是冲突可以增强财务指标。”可知盈利机构认为共识能增强财务指标。故D项“成功在于统一的意见（共识）”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非营利性组织中，决策有效性是从令人满意的群体的角度来定义的。考虑到满足许多不同成员的复杂性和模糊性，高管们认为冲突导致了更深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”可知在非盈利性机构里人们可以表达不同的观点，故B项正确。

2.单选题

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们己经废除了人剥削人的制度。

动词辨析。Cancel取消，删除;abolish废除（一种制度，形式）;refuse拒绝；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

3.单选题

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

问题1选项

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。cutdown意为“减少，砍倒”；shutout意为“把……关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cutshort意为“缩短，打断”；shutoff意为“关闭，停止”。

句意：当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。

4.单选题

ReadthefollowingResearchFundingOpportunities.

DepartmentofAgricultureAgricultureandFoodResearchInitiativeCompetitiveGrantsProgram(AFRI)

Deadline:variesbyprogramarea

Synopsis:TheFoodandAgriculturalScienceEnhancement(FASE)Grantscomponentofthisprogramincludesfundingfornewinvestigators.Anewinvestigatorisdefinedasanindividualwhoisbeginninghis/hercareer,doesnothaveanextensivescientificpublicationrecord,andhaslessthanfouryearspostgraduate,career-trackexperience.ThenewinvestigatormaynothavereceivedcompetitivelyawardedFederalresearchfundswiththeexceptionofpre-orpostdoctoralresearchgrantsorUSDANRIorAFRISeedGrants.

DepartmentofDefenseYoungInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNavalResearch(YIP)

Deadline:earlyJanuary

Synopsis:TheprogramsupportsacademicscientistsandengineerswhohavereceivedPh.D.orequivalentdegreeswithinthelastsixyears.TheobjectivesaretoattractoutstandingfacultymemberstotheDepartmentoftheNavy’sresearchprogram,tosupporttheirresearch,andtoencouragetheirteachingandresearchcareers.Proposalsmayrequestupto$170,000peryearforthreeyears.ONRresearchareasareavailablehere.

NewInvestigatorAwards,CongressionallyDirectedMedicalResearchPrograms(CDMRP)

Deadline:variesbyprogram

Synopsis:Fundingprogramareasvaryandmayinclude:FoodAllergies,LungCancer,MultipleSclerosis,PeerReviewedCancer,Orthopaedic,SpinalCordInjury,AmyotrophicLateralSclerosis,Autism,BoneMarrowFailure,BreastCancer,DeploymentRelatedMedical,GulfWarIllness,Minority&UnderservedPopulations,Neurofibromatosis,OvarianCancer,PeerReviewedMedical,ProstateCancer,PsychologicalHealth/TraumaticBrainInjury,TuberousSclerosisComplex.Someoftheseprogramareas,suchasPeerReviewedCancer,ProstateCancer,andTraumaticBrainInjuryhaveincludedNewInvestigatorAwards.

DepartmentofEnergyOutstandingJuniorInvestigatorProgram,OfficeofNuclearPhysics(OJIP)

Deadline:SeptemberorOctoberforletterofintent,NovemberorDecemberforapplication

Synopsis:Applicationsshouldbefromtenure-trackfacultywhoarecurrentlyinvolvedinexperimentalortheoreticalnuclearphysicsresearchandteaching,theU.S.NuclearDataProgramoracceleratorphysicsresearchandteachingrelatedtonuclearphysicsprojects.ApplicantsmustbenomorethantenyearsbeyondthePh.D.atthedeadlinefortheapplication.

PlasmaPhysicsJuniorFacultyAwardProgram,FusionEnergySciencesProgram(FESP)

Deadline:AugustorSeptember(programcancelledforFY2010)

Synopsis:Applicationsinanyareaofbasicplasmaphysicsresearcharewelcomedandencouraged.Theproposedresearchmustfocusonfundamentalplasmaphysicsissues,asopposedtoapplicationsofplasmaphysics.

NationalScienceFoundationFacultyEarlyCareerDevelopment(FECD)Program,NSF

Deadline:July

Synopsis:Theintentoftheprogramistoprovidestablesupportatasufficientlevelanddurationtoenableawardeestodevelopcareersasoutstandingresearchersandeducatorswhoeffectivelyintegrateteaching,learninganddiscovery.TheminimumFECDawardsizeis$140,000foraten-yearperiodforalldirectoratesexceptBIO.ForproposalssubmittedtotheBIOdirectorate,theminimumawardsizeis$500,000overfiveyears.

ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology(RIGBP),NSFDirectorateforBiologicalSciences

Deadline:secondMondayinJanuary

Synopsis:ThesegrantsareintendedtoincreasethediversityofresearcherswhoapplyforandreceiveBIOfundingtoinitiateresearchprogramsearlyintheircareers.Currently,AfricanAmericans,Hispanics,NativeAmericans,AlaskaNatives,andNativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslandersareunder-representedinbiology.

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?

问题1选项

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.

问题2选项

A.Ph.D.graduates.

B.Researchersinenergyscience.

C.D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.

D.graduates.B.Researchersinenergyscience.C.Permanentteachingstaff.D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.

问题3选项

A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.

D.FECD.

问题4选项

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoples

B.encouragingminorityresearchers

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminorities

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareas

问题5选项

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.

C.Thesupportisgenerous.

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?36.根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？

A.AnAFRISeedGrantreceivercanstillapplyforAFRICompetitiveGrantsProgram.A.AFRI种子基金受助人仍可申请AFRI竞争性基金计划。

B.ThetotalfinancialsupportofYIPbyDepartmentofDefencemayamountto$170,000.B.国防部对YIP的财政支助总额可达17万美元。

C.CDMRPisofferedjointlybyDepartmentofDefenceandNationalInstitutesofHealth.C.CDMRP由美国国防部和美国国立卫生研究院联合提供。

D.ToapplyforOJIP,youhavetosubmityourfinalproposalinSeptemberorOctober.D.要申请OJIP，你必须在9月或10月提交最终提案。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二部分对YIP的描述，从倒数第二句“提案可能要求每年高达17万美元（requestupto$170,000peryear），为期三年”可知，国防部对YIP的财政支出高达17万美元，B项表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位第三部分对OJIP的描述，其中提到“意向书申请截止日期为9月或10月，申请截止日期为11月或12月”，可知，9月或10月只是提交意向书的截止日期，该项曲解原文。

37.【选项释义】

37.WhoiseligibleforOJIP?37.谁有资格参加OJIP？

A.Ph.D.graduates.A.博士毕业生。

B.Researchersinenergyscience.B.能源科学研究人员。

C.Permanentteachingstaff.C.终身教学人员。

D.SeniorstaffwithPh.D.degrees.D.具有博士学位的高级职员。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干汇总的OJIP，定位至文章第三部分对OJIP的描述，Synopsis中的第一句有提到“申请者必须是目前从事实验或理论核物理研究和教学、美国核数据计划或与核物理项目相关的加速器物理研究和教学的终身教职人员（tenure-trackfaculty）”，综合理解可知，申请者必须是终身教职人员。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项在该部分没提到，属于无中生有。

38.【选项释义】

38.Ofalltheprograms,whichoneoffersthelongestandthuslargestaward?38.在所有的项目中，哪个项目提供的奖励时间最长、金额最大？

A.FESP.A.FESP.

B.RIGBP.B.RIGBP.

C.YIP.C.YIP.

D.FECD.D.FECD.

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位至文章最后一个部分对FECD的描述，Synopsis中的最后两句提到“除BIO外，所有董事的最低FECD奖励金额为10年140,000美元。对于提交给BIO董事会的提议书，5年内的最低资助金额为50万美元。”，从中可知，FECD项目的奖金时间是10年，且最低有14万美元，对于提交给BIO董事会的提议书，时间是5年，且最低为50万美元；综合理解可知，FECD提供的奖金时间最长，金额最大。故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项都没有提到奖金的金额及资助时间，属于无中生有；

C选项定位第二部分对YIP的描述，Synopsis中倒数第二句提到“提案可能要求每年高达17万美元，为期三年”，从中可知，YIP项目的奖金资助并不是时间最长的，该项属于曲解原文。

39.【选项释义】

39.WelearnthatRIGBPisdesignedforthepurposeof______.39.我们了解到RIGBP是为______而设计的。

A.helpingunderdevelopedpeoplesA.帮助欠发达人群而设计的

B.encouragingminorityresearchersB.鼓励少数民族研究人员

C.enhancingtheawarenessofminoritiesC.提高少数民族的意识

D.studyingthebiologyofminorityareasD.研究少数民族地区的生物学

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位至文章最后一个部分对RIGBP项目的描述，根据Synopsis的描述：“这些资助旨在增加申请和接受BIO资助并在职业生涯早期启动研究项目的研究人员的多样性。”，从中我们可知，RIGBP的目的是为了增加研究人员的多样性；而且RIGBP的全称是“扩大生物学参与的研究启动基金（ResearchInitiationGrantstoBroadenParticipationinBiology）”，从BroadenParticipationinBiology（扩大生物学参与）综合理解可知，RIGBP主要是为了鼓励研究人员参与，B项与之相符。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的欠发达人群并不等于少数民族地区的研究人员，属于曲解原文；

C选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。

40.【选项释义】

40.Whatisthecommonfeatureofalltheaboveprograms?40.以上所有项目的共同特点是什么？

A.ThedeadlinesareallsetafterSept.A.截止日期都定在9月以后。

B.Theyarefornewresearchers.B.它们是给新研究人员的。

C.Thesupportisgenerous.C.支持是慷慨的。

D.Theareasofsupportarespecific.D.支持的领域是特定的。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知，文章中讨论到的5个项目所涉及和涵盖的领域都各不相同，所以它们各自支持的领域都是特定的，这是它们的共同特征。所以，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项只有OJIP项目是确定在9月以后，其他项目都不是，该项曲解原文；

B选项与原文不符，原文提到的是包括新研究人员在内的，该项曲解原文；

C选项在文中提到的关于资助奖金的金额，只有YIP和FECD有提到，其他项目并不知道，该项曲解原文。

5.单选题

Afullgrownoaktreeprovidesampleshadeforasummerpicnic.

问题1选项

A.slothful

B.inert

C.spacious

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slothful懒惰的B.inert没有行动力的

C.spacious宽敞的D.late晚的

【答案】C

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】划线词修饰的是shade“阴影；阴凉处”，四个选项中只有C选项spacious“宽敞的”可以与之搭配。原词ample“充足的”，足够的阴凉处，即阴凉的地方非常宽敞。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文搭配与句意。

【句意】一棵成熟的橡树为夏季野餐提供了充足宽敞的阴凉地。

6.单选题

Leo.Tolstoywas（）asthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.

问题1选项

A.saluted

B.estimated

C.scaled

D.measured

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项salute“敬礼，致敬”；B选项estimate“估计，判断”；C选项scale“测量，攀登”；D选项measure“测量，估量”。句意“列夫•托尔斯泰被誉为20世纪最伟大的作家。”选项A符合语境。

7.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.【试题答案】simple改为simply

2.【试题答案】on改为in

3.【试题答案】frozen改为freezing

4.【试题答案】去掉being

5.【试题答案】去掉and

6.【试题答案】去掉the

7.【试题答案】去掉why

8.【试题答案】whether改为that

9.【试题答案】raising改为rising

10.【试题答案】for改为by

【解析】1.【试题解析】：此题考查词性区分。你可能不知道雾仅仅是一种可以触碰到地面的云，这里需要用副词simply来修饰，simple是形容词放在这里句意不通。

2.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。inrarecases在罕见的情况下，属于固定词组搭配。

3.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。below是介词，后面应加动词的-ing形式，空气的温度在冰点以下。

4.【试题解析】：此题考查动词。arebeing+形容词表示一时的表现，be+形容词表示一直这样，在此处指的是一个既定事实，因此去掉being。

5.【试题解析】：此题考查固定词组。themore……the+动词的比较级，表示越多什么越怎么样，中间不需要加连接词。

6.【试题解析】：此题考查冠词用法。air与前面的water形式应当一样，the是定冠词表示特指，此处是泛指空气。

7.【试题解析】：此题考查句意理解。前面已经有了puzzlefor，表示疑问，再用why来询问的话太过赘述。

8.【试题解析】：此题考查whether和that引导主语从句的用法。它可以证明液滴在98摄氏度时会下落，因此是一个既定事实，不能用whether是否来引导。

9.【试题解析】：此题考查raising和rising的区别。，.通常形容自然界的物体：如潮涨,，日出以及这里的气流上升，都是用rise而不能raise。此外,，在这里rising是分词作形容词使用,，rise后不能加物体,，只有sthrise而不能用risesth。.raise是及物动词,，raisesth.，如raiseone’'shand。

10.【试题解析】：此题考查固定搭配。replacebysth用什么替换，以什么接替，replace一般与介词by或者with搭配。

8.单选题

Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.

Anadvertforasciencefictionmagazineisunusuallyexplicitaboutthis.Inadditiontotheprimaryusevalueofthemagazine,thereaderispromisedaccesstoawonderfuluniversethroughtheproduct—accesstoothermysteriousandtantalizingworldsandepochs,therealmsoftheimagination.Whenstudyingadvertising,itisthereforeunreasonabletoexpectreaderstodecipheradvertsasfactualstatementsaboutreality.Mostadvertsarejusttoomeagerininformativecontentandtoorichinemotionalsuggestivedetailtobereadliterally.Ifpeoplereadthemliterally,theywouldsoonbeforcedtorealizetheirerrorwhentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn'tmaterialize.

Theaverageconsumerisnotsurprisedthathispurchaseofthecommoditydoesnotredeemthepromiseoftheadvertisement,forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.Butthefantasyishistokeep;inhisdreamworldheenjoysa“futureendlesslydeferred”.

TheEstivaliaadvertisquiteexplicitaboutthefactthatadvertisingshowsusnotreality,butafantasy;itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia,whichis“fordaydreambelievers”,thosewhorefusetogiveuptryingtomakethehazyidealofnaturalbeautyandharmonycometrue.

Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel,itclearlybecomesinadequatetomerelycondemnadvertisingforchannelingreaders’attentionanddesirestowardsanunrealistic,paradisiacalnowhereland.Advertisingcertainlydoesthat,butinorderforpeopletofinditrelevant,theutopiavisualizedinadvertsmustbelinkedtooursurroundingrealitybyacasualconnection.

1.Thepeopleinadvertsareinmostcasesare（

）.

2.Whentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn’tmaterialize,theaverageconsumerisnotsurprised,because

（

）.

3.What’sthebridgelinkingdaydreamtorealityinadverts?

4.Whatisthispassagemainlyconcernedwith?

问题1选项

A.happyandglamorous

B.successful

C.obvious

D.bothAandB

问题2选项

A.Theconsumerisusedtothefactthattheindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.

B.Advertsarefactualstatementsaboutreality.

C.Theconsumercancomeintotherealmsofimaginationpicturedbyadverts.

D.Advertscanmaketheconsumer’sdreamscometrue

问题3选项

A.Theproduct.

B.Estivalia.

C.Pictures.

D.Happyandglamorouspeople

问题4选项

A.Manyadvertscanbereadliterally.

B.Everyonehasadaydream.

C.Manyadvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.

D.Manyadvertsaredeceitfulbecausetheycannotmakegoodtheirpromises.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段中“Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.广告通过描绘非常快乐和迷人的在事业或性方面的成功是显而易见的，广告构建了一个想象的世界，在这个世界里，读者能够使那些在他或她的日常生活中仍未得到满足的愿望成为现实。可知大多数广告里的人们都是表现得快乐和迷人，并且成功的。故D项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段“...forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.这就是他过去所习惯的生活——追求个人幸福和成功通常是徒劳的。可知A项正确。答案A

第3题:细节事实题。由倒数第二段中“...itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia...可知连接白日梦和现实之间的桥梁是Estivalia。故B项正确，答案B

第4题:主旨大意题。由第一段中“Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.大多数人可能会同意，许多个人消费者广告的功能在白日梦的水平。”与最后一段“Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel...如果广告在白日梦层面发挥作用……。”可知本文主要讲述了大部分广告都有让人做白日梦的功能。故C项正确。

9.单选题

Shesuddenlysawacougarperchedonthefencereadytoswooponherson.

问题1选项

A.pounceon

B.aimat

C.glideupon

D.attackagainst

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pounceon猛扑；突然袭击B.aimat针对；瞄准

C.glideupon滑翔在……上D.attackagainst袭击

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词cougar（美洲狮）可推知，这只狮子是猛扑向她儿子，所以swoopon表示“猛扑”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】她突然看见一只美洲狮停在篱笆上，准备扑向她儿子。

10.单选题

Menoftenwaitlongertogethelpformedicalproblemsthanwomen,and（

）,womenliveaboutsixyearslongerthanmenonanaverage.

问题1选项

A.insteadof

B.constantly

C.consequently

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知，前后构成因果关系，前面是因，后面是由此产生的结果，所以选项C符合语境。

11.单选题

Tobe（

）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

问题1选项

A.frank

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank为固定搭配，意为“老实说，坦率地说”。

句意：坦率地跟你说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。选项A正确。

12.单选题

Hesuggestedthatweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite（

）.

问题1选项

A.probable

B.sustainable

C.eligible

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；B选项sustainable“可忍受的”；C选项eligible“合格的，有资格当选的，符合条件的”；D选项feasible“可行的，可能的”。根据主句的意思“他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施”可知后面空格部分填入的形容词意思为“可行的”，句意为：他建议我们把这个计划付诸实施，因为它很可行。选项D符合句子意思。

13.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.单选题

GivingEmployeesWhatTheyWant:TheReturnsareHugeDavidSirota,co-authorofTheEnthusiasticEmployee:HowCompaniesProfitbyGivingWorkersWhatTheyWant,findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors.Hetoldus:"Peopleatworkhavevariousbasicgoals.First,theywanttobetreatedfairly.Employeeswanttoknowtheyaregettingwhatisnormallydefinedascompetitivepay.IfIfeelunderpaid,thereisnotmuchanorganizationcandotoboostmymorale.Second,employeeswantasenseofachievementfromwork.Thekeyelementistobeproudofyourjobandproudoftheorganizationforwhichyouaredoingit.Thethirdelementiscamaraderie.Thisisalsonotmentionedmuchinourfield,butit’skey——notonlyinthesenseofhavingafriend,butworkingwelltogetherasateam.”

And,hesays,thereareanumberofotherthingscompaniescandotoboostmorale:“First,providesecurity.Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantakebeforemakingpeopleredundant.

Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline.Theteamcouldlookatqualityandatwhateverkindsofmaintenanceandsupportwereneeded,anditcoulddecidehowtorotateworkers.Asopposedtotheusualtop-downmanagement,thisapproachistremendouslysatisfyingforworkers,andthusreducestheneedforbureaucracybecausethepeopleessentiallyaremanagingthemselves.

“Recognitionisalsoimportant.Organization-wideawardsshouldbeliketheNobelPrize,wherepeersareinvolvedintheselectionoftheindividualswhoreceivetheawardforoutstandingachievement,notday-to-daywork.

“Thetraditionalmeritpaysystemswithanappraisalandpayincreasearequitenegative.Workersfeelnorelationbetweenwhattheydoandtheirpayincrease.Arewardhastobefeltassuch.Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency.

“Inthe1980sand1990s,wehadareactiontoparticularformsofmanagement.Wetalkaboutfourkinds:thefirstoneispaternalism,whereworkersaretreatedaschildren.Thenthereisadversarial,whereworkersaretheenemy.Thenthereistransactional,whereworkersarelikeciphers.Managementdoesnotknowwhattheyarelikeasindividuals.Theattitudeis,‘Wepaidyou,nowweareeven.Wedon’toweyouanything.’That’swheremostcompanieshavegonetoday.Loyaltyisdead.

“Thefourthiswhatwehavebeentalkingabout,whichisthepartnershiporganization.ItdoesnotmeanthatbecauseIpaidyou,wearenoweven.Youdon’ttreatpartnersthatwaybecauseyoumightneedthemtohelpyououtsometime,andtheymightneedyou.It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies.”

1.Inparagraph1,whateffectofhighmoraleismentioned?

2.WhichofthesedoesSirotasuggestisgoodreactionforacompanywithfinancialproblems?

3.HowdidToyotamotivateworkersonassemblylines?

4.Howshouldbonusesbeawarded,accordingtoSirota?

5.What,nowadays,isthetypicalmanagement-workerrelationship?

问题1选项

A.Employeesstaywiththecompanylonger.

B.Employeesworkharderthantheircounterpartsinothercompanies.

C.Companiesproducebetterresultsthantheirrivals.

D.Companieswithhighmoralearemorerespected.

问题2选项

A.Reducingtheworkforce.

B.Outsourcingtoreducecosts.

C.Reducingtherewardspackages.

D.Transferringemployeestootherjobs.

问题3选项

A.Byaskingmanagerstotaketurnstoperformasworkers.

B.Bylettinggroupsofworkersmakedecisionsontheirworkorganization.

C.Byallowingteamstotakeoverthewholeprocessofproduction.

D.Byrewardingthemforachievingtheirproductiontarget.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldbedecidedbypeopleatthesamelevelintheorganization.

B.Theyshouldbegivenonamonthlybasis.

C.Theyshouldbebasesonroutinework.

D.Theyshouldbeawardedasaresultofevaluationfromlinemanagers.

问题5选项

A.Onwhereworkershavetobecaredforbytheirmanagers.

B.Oneofhostility,showingstrongdislikewitheachother.

C.Onewhichispurelyeconomic.

D.Oneofco-operationonequalterms.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“发现那些员工士气高的公司比他们的竞争公司经营得要好”（findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors），因此可知员工士气高的公司收益要比竞争对手高，选项C符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“解雇员工应该是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司会采用一些防御办法。如果公司遇到困难，他们重新培训员工或者从别的承包商那里接工作”（Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.），由此可知选项D“将员工调整到其他岗位”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一二句话提到“当工作遇到困难时，建议团队进行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline），接着该段介绍了团队如何来进行自我管理，比如决定如何让员工轮班（decidehowtorotateworkers）。因此选项B符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到“研究证实了一种‘收益分享’的系统，在这种系统下一组员工不断进行绩效评估。如果生产量增加了20%，劳动力增加了10%，那么意味着效率更高”（Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency），由此可知奖励是根据员工的工作业绩来定的，选项C符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“它更像成年人之间的一种关系，不像孩子或者敌人之间的相处模式，而是盟友”（It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies），由此可知选项D