考研考博-英语-北京印刷学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京印刷学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

问题2选项

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

问题3选项

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

问题4选项

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

问题5选项

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到我第一次在伦敦旅行时还是个学生。那时候依依不舍地离开妈妈的怀抱，还提着一个装满家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段提到尽管是在战后艰苦的日子，我们依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象当第一天到达伦敦寓所吃的食物的沮丧心情。所以选项A符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位至第三段。作者认为旅店女老板的装扮非常俗气，而他的朋友亚瑟在那里待了三天后对伦敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都没有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪华的接待区和破败的休息室和餐厅以及阁楼水槽等，并说到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪华的外表下竟是破败的内在。因此D项“虚有其表”正确。

第4题:作者和他的朋友的房间并不比顶楼大多少，四周是斑驳的墙壁。有一个褪了色的水池，水管整夜响不停，摆放的几件家具还比不上英国监狱局的。所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章倒数第一段提到日常的隐私和平静可以保护我们不会堕落成疯狂的凶手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一个人需要休息的场所和喘息的时间。所以选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Parentshavealegal（）toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

问题1选项

A.impulse

B.obligation

C.influence

D.sympathy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。impulse冲动；obligation义务，职责；influence影响；sympathy同情，慰问。句意：父母有法律__确保其子女接受符合他们年龄的有效的教育。根据句意可知，父母有确保孩子受教育权的义务。故B项符合题意。

3.单选题

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

问题1选项

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物质或混合物被用来使土地肥沃,以促进植物生长。

考查动词辨析。Enact通过(法律),扮演,担任…角色;enlarge扩大,扩充,扩展;enclose围绕,放入封套;enrich使充实,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

4.单选题

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

问题1选项

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我现在不抽烟了，但是我年轻的时候常常抽烟。

固定搭配。usedtodo过去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于…。因此B符合句意。

5.单选题

Littlegreenpatchesofmossgrewontherockwherewaterhad______out.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.dehumanized

C.deified

D.opted

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.oozed渗出；泄漏B.dehumanized使失掉人性

C.deified崇拜，把某人奉若神明D.opted选择；作出抉择

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】where引导的定语从句“岩石上的水______出来”修饰前面的rock（岩石），根据主句句意“岩石上长着一片片绿色的苔藓”可知，岩石上有水渗出才能长苔藓，所以空格处填入A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项均不符合句意。

【句意】在渗水的岩石上长出了一片片绿色的苔藓。

6.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.regardlessof

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Inlinewith“符合，与······一致”；intermsof“依据，根据，在······方面”；regardlessof“不顾，不管”；bymeansof“借助于，凭借”。根据句意“一个国家的财富应该依据人民的健康和幸福以及它所生产的商品来衡量”，选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thestudentslisteningtothepompousofficial’slongspeechweresoonveryboring;nodoubtmanyofthemhadtheirmindsmoreonwhatwasforlunchthanonwhathewassaying.

问题1选项

A.were

B.veryboring

C.hadtheirminds

D.onwhatwasforlunchthanon

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】形容词误用。boring改为bored。boring令人厌烦的。bored感到无聊的。

8.单选题

Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweunderstandtheprinciplesonwhichoursocietywasfounded.Toooftentheseprinciplesaredisregardedbytheverypeoplewhoaremostvociferousindefendingthecountryagainstcriticism.Basictoourdemocracyisabeliefthattruthcanonlybearrivedatthroughafreeinterchangeofideas.Freedomofspeechisoneofourmostcherishedvalues.Nevertheless,withatotaldisregardoftheprinciplesofdemocraticfairplay,theaveragecitizenisapttohurlrashaccusationsinanattempttosilenceanyonewhomaynotagreewithhim.Toomanycitizensunderstanddemocracyonlyasasloganandhavenorealconceptthatdemocracyinpracticemeanswemusttoleratetheexpressionofunpopularideas.

Ourlistofdeadlysinsshouldberevisedtoincludethemisrepresentationofprinciplestogratifyone’spersonalspiteorvanity,thebetrayalofgreatcausesbymakingthemthecloakforpersonaladvancement,andthedebasementofhighidealsbyusingthemasapretextforthecalumniationofhonorablemen.

Thecommongoodshouldnotbemadeapoliticalfootball,fortheonlythingthatbindsmenisacommontrust,thethingthatunitesthemisacausetheyshare.Thatcausemustbesomethinggreaterthanmerepersonalpromotion.Thecauseforwhichmenliveandfightcannotappealtotheirpocketbookalone,butmustalsoappealtotheirhearts.

Letustakealessonfromthoserevolutionarieswhopromiseimpoverishedpeoplenotonlylandbutalsoavision.Itistruethattheirpoliciesoftencontradictthepromisestheymade,buttheyfirstwintheirwaybyproclaimingavisionwhichinspirespeople.Leninhimself,thesupremetechnicianofpolicy,knewhecouldnotachievehisendssimplybyplayingupdiscontents,masterashewasatthatgame.Heknewhecouldnotwinthepeopleovermerelybystirringuphatredsorappealingtoself-interest.Thepeoplemustfeelthethrobofagreatercause,glimpseavisionofabetterworld.

Thisvisionisparticularlynecessarytowintheloyaltiesoftheyoung.Wecertainlywillnotinspirethemifwemakeourcaseonthegroundthatcapitalisticplanningismoreefficientthansocialisticplanning.Efficientforwhat?Andforwhom?Theplannersaresometimesefficientenoughinseekingtheirowngainattheexpenseofthecommongood.No,wemustseekstrongerandhighergroundsifwearetoconvinceevenourselvesthatoursisthebestway.

Thatiswhyitisdeplorablethatinthiscountrywearesocomplacentaboutourheritage.Wedonotappreciatethestrengthandvitalityofthethingthatunitedus.Sowecarrylittleconvictionwhenwearechallengedtodefendourwayoflife.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof（）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.objectiveinterest

B.hostileantagonism

C.hesitantacceptance

D.enthusiasticapproval

问题2选项

A.falseandtreacherous

B.credibleandinspiring

C.ambiguousandconfusing

D.superficialandirrelevant

问题3选项

A.Self-interest.

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.

问题4选项

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernations

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlands

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracy

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof______.1.作者对民主基本原则的态度显然是一种______。

A.objectiveinterestA.客观利益

B.hostileantagonismB.敌对态度

C.hesitantacceptanceC.犹豫的接受

D.enthusiasticapprovalD.热情赞同

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第一句“当我们的政府形式受到许多不同信仰的人的批评时，我们必须理解（itisimportantthatweunderstand）我们社会赖以建立的原则”，从important（重要的）和understand（理解）可推测出，作者对民主基本原则的态度是热情的赞成，所以选项D更准确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“客观利益”没有提到，无中生有；

B项“敌对态度”和C项“犹豫的接受”根据解题思路可知，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe______.2.作者暗示说，贫困的人们通常认为革命者的承诺是______。

A.falseandtreacherousA.错误和危险的

B.credibleandinspiringB.可靠和鼓舞人心的

C.ambiguousandconfusingC.模糊和混淆的

D.superficialandirrelevantD.肤浅和无关紧要的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段第二句“他们的政策常常与他们所作的承诺相矛盾，但他们首先是通过宣布一个鼓舞人心的愿景（avisionwhichinspirespeople）来赢得胜利的”，从中可知，作者暗示穷人往往认为革命者做出的承诺是鼓舞人心的。B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“错误和危险的”、C项“模糊和混淆的”和D项“肤浅和无关紧要的”根据解题思路可知，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?3.根据作者的观点，以下哪项最能将人们团结起来？

A.Self-interest.A.利己主义。

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.B.经济需要的压力。

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.C.对普通压迫者的不满。

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.D.创造更美好世界的共同理想。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“把人们凝聚在一起的唯一东西是共同的信任，把人们团结在一起的东西是他们共同的事业”，可知将人们团结在一起的是共同的信任和事业，这与D项“创造更美好世界的共同理想”表述相符合，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“利己主义”、B项“经济需要的压力”和C项“对普通压迫者的不满”根据解题思路可知，这三项都不能将人们团结起来，与原文不符，属于曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto______.4.作者在文章中的主要目的是为了______。

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernationsA.赞扬其他国家的宣传方法

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlandsB.鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracyC.敦促人们更加献身于民主的理想

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountryD.批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的最后一句“太多的公民只把民主理解为一种口号，而没有真正的概念，即民主在实践中意味着我们必须容忍不受欢迎的思想的表达”，综合理解全文可知，整个文章都在讲民主原则以及对它的正确理解，鼓励人们为创立一个更加美好的世界而努力，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是敦促大家更多地献身于民主的理想。该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“赞扬其他国家的宣传方法”和B项“鼓励在欠发达地区推广民主”在文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D项“批评那些把个人利益置于国家利益之上的人”在文中虽然提到了，但并不是文章主旨，属于以偏概全。

9.单选题

Thedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)（

）diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.

问题1选项

A.effective

B.infectious

C.coherent

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。

句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectiousdisease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

问题1选项

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：政府（）在所有车中使用安全带。

prevail胜过，获胜，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑衅；mediate调解，斡旋，居中；man-date授权，托管，强制。D选项“强制”符合句意。

11.单选题

Whenitbecameclearthatmanagementandtheunioncouldnotsettletheirdifferences,thepresident_______tosettletheargument.

问题1选项

A.interacted

B.intervened

C.interconnected

D.interviewed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“interacted”意为“交流；沟通；合作；相互影响”；B选项“intervened”意为“干涉；调停；插入”；C选项“interconnected”意为“使互相连接”；D选项“interviewed”意为“采访；接见；对……进行面谈；对某人进行面试”。句意：当资方和工会显然无法解决分歧时，主席出面解决了争论。由题干可知，资方和工会无法解决分歧，需要一个第三方来干涉调停以解决争论。因此B选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”

“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.

“Tookthechair.”

Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?

3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.

4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

问题1选项

A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

问题2选项

A.Serious

B.Critical

C.Joking

D.Satirical

问题3选项

A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustified

B.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgrace

C.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntaste

D.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents

问题4选项

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

问题5选项

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”对男性来说,妇女解放带来的一个好处就是男人不用遵守尊重妇女的旧式礼节了。由此可知,在妇女解放过程中,男性也得到了解放,所以选项B符合原文。

2.从作者的叙述方式看,作者在讨论举止风度以及妇女解放问题时带有调侃语气。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者说,他拒绝用一些过时的礼节来麻烦女士(事实上对女性表示礼貌恭维谈不上是“麻烦”),而且之所以这样,是出于一种尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者将自己看作是那些具有“天然风度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所谓“天然”,却是一切顺其自然,不受社会礼仪规范所约束。由此可以确定选项C为正确答案。

3.根据关键词“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark认为当一名男性和一名女性被带到餐桌子前,服务员拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的应该是女性。说明AnnClark比较赞同传统的社会行为规则,而作者的做法恰好与其相反,他喜欢顺着自己的意愿。所以选项C符合原文。

4.根据原文内容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因为那个正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到达的,这是作者的一种习惯。所以作者的妻子认为作者不应该按照自己的习惯坐在那把椅子上,所以选项C正确。

5.根据原文最后一段内容可知,作者比女性先上车的原因,首先这是他的一个习惯,其次是出于礼貌,爱和尊重,以及保护女性的安全避免受到潜在的袭击。只有选项D不正确。

13.单选题

Weshouldmaintainourcultural（），whichrepresentsthedeepmemoryofournation.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.tendency

C.legacy

D.fancy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们应该维护好代表我们民族最深刻记忆的文化遗产。

考查名词辨析。Agency服务机构,(尤指)代理机构;tendency偏好,性情,趋势;legacy遗产,遗赠财物,遗留;fancy想象的事物,想象(力)。故C符合句意。

14.不定项选择题

I.(LegalHistory)

Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.Thefirstisstrongemphasisontherulebylaw(byalargeandrelativelyefficientbureaucracy)butwithlittleconstraintontheemperor.Second,politicaldictatorshipbasedonideologicalmonopoly.Third,localgovernmentsareorganizedinasystemcalledprefecturesandcounties.Thefourthfeatureisthepersonnelsystemforpublicofficesthatreliedfirstonrecommendationandthenonstandardexams.

“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.Legalismschool,whichisveryattractivetodictators,wasemployedbytheQinStateintheirquesttounifythecountry.ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant.ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesforabureaucraticgovernment.

Thepoliticaldictatorshipwasbuiltonideologicalmonopoly.TheFirstEmperorwasnotoriousforordering“burningbooksandburyingscholars”.ShortlyafterQinunifiedChina,WuEmperorinHanDynastystartedtopromotethemonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking.ThismovementhadsuccessfullyestablishedthemonolithicstatusofChineseintellectualsinthefollowingtwothousandyears.Thiskindofideologicalmonopolywasnotdesignedforanypublicparticipationindecisionmaking.Instead,itwasforeliteswhodevotedthemselvestotheroyalfamily.

Thelocalgovernmentsystemofcountiesandprefectures,thebasicpatternofwhichisstillvisibleinmodernChina,wasalsoestablishedintheQinDynasty.Thissystemdiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethatalllocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor.ForabigempirelikeChina,howtogovernthecountryefficientlyandeffectivelybecameabigproblem.Ontheonehand,localgovernancewascriticaltosustainingthecontroloverthecountry.Ontheotherhand,whosatinpublicofficesbecamecrucialtothesuccessorfailureofeachdynastyortohowpublicinterestsarerepresented.

FengDeng:“EndogenousEvolutionofPatriarchalClanSysteminAncientChina”

51.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsmeansthat___lastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.

52.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

53.Thereflectionofideologicalmonopolywas___.

54.Thegovernment,systemofQinDynastydiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethat___.

问题1选项

A.thepoliticalinstitutions

B.theimportantfeaturesofthepoliticalinstitutions

C.theQinDynasty

D.thepoliticalinstitutionsestablishedintheQinDynasty

问题2选项

A.QinDynasty,althoughhavingashortlife,hadstronginfluencestolaterdynasties.

B.ThatpeopledidnotparticipateindecisionmakinginancientChinaisagenerallyacceptedopinion.

C.Thebureaucraticgovernmentselecteditsofficialsfromintellectuals.

D.TheEmperorwasnotthesolegovernoroftheQinDynasty.

问题3选项

A.“burningbooksandburyingscholars”

B.themonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking

C.zeropublicparticipationindecisionmaking

D.intellectualsdevotingthemselvestotheroyalfamily

问题4选项

A.allChineselocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor

B.countyandprefecturegovernmentsweresetup

C.alllocalofficialsofthefeudalsystemweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor

D.localgovernancewascriticaltosustainingthecontroloverthecountry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A、B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.（最早建立于秦朝的政治制度有几个重要的特点，在中国延续了近两千年）可知选D选项“秦朝建立的政治制度”；A选项“政治机构”，B选项“政治体制的重要特征”，以及C选项“秦朝”不符合原文。因此D选项正确。

52.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.（“非盟之事，无论大小，都由皇帝决定”，古代学者对秦政治制度的总结是这样的）可知D选项“皇帝不是秦朝唯一的统治者”和原文不符；第二段ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant（秦朝统治的残酷不仅体现在其法律的详细分类上，还体现在它征服其他国家后不到20年的时间里是如何崩溃的。尽管后来的朝代或多或少地软化了他们的统治，但秦朝的影响仍然占主导地位）可知A选项“秦朝的历史虽短，但对后世的影响却很大”符合原文；结合第二段第一句以及第二段ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.（人们普遍认为，中国的政治体制过于压制，人们无法参与公共决策）可知B选项“在古代中国，人们不参与决策是一种普遍接受的观点”符合原文；第二段Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesforabureaucraticgovernment.（知识分子已经变成了官僚政府的储备）可知C选项“官僚政府从知识分子中挑选官员”符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。

53.【试题答案】A,B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“ideologicalmonopoly”定位到第三段Thepoliticaldictatorshipwasbuiltonideologicalmonopoly.TheFirstEmperorwasnotoriousforordering“burningbooksandburyingscholars”.ShortlyafterQinunifiedChina,WuEmperorinHanDynastystartedtopromotethemonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking.（政治独裁是建立在意识形态垄断的基础上的。秦始皇因下令“焚书坑儒”而臭名昭著。秦朝统一中国后不久，汉武帝就开始提倡垄断儒学，取缔其他学派）可知选A选项“焚书坑儒”和B选项“儒家思想的垄断和其他学派思想的禁止”；C选项“公众参与决策为零”和D选项“知识分子献身于王室”原文未提及。因此A，B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段Thelocalgovernmentsystemofcountiesandprefectures,thebasicpatternofwhichisstillvisibleinmodernChina,wasalsoestablishedintheQinDynasty.Thissystemdiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethatalllocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor.（县府地方政府制度在秦朝也已确立，其基本格局在近代中国仍可见。这种制度不同于封建制度，所有地方官员都直接对皇帝负责）可知选A选项“所有中国地方官员都直接对皇帝负责”，同时可知B选项“设立县、州政府”错误，未提及州政府；C选项“所有封建制度下的地方官员都直接对皇帝负责”和原文不符；文中未提及D选项“地方治理对维持对国家的控制至关重要”是否是秦朝的制度与封建制度的不同之处，排除。因此A选项正确。

15.写作题

Directions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】参考范文

Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.

Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.

Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveo