考研考博-英语-云南农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

问题1选项

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持，保持”，符合句意。

2.单选题

Despitetheirspartan,isolatedlifestyle,therearenostoriesofwomenbeingrapedorwantonviolenceagainstciviliansintheregion.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.exasperating

C.demonstrative

D.unprovoked

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，划线部分词应该为贬义，首先排除选项A和C；其次如果选B，这里应该指让人感到愤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以选项B不正确；选项D正确，指无缘无故的，符合语境。

3.单选题

Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.

问题1选项

A.butfor

B.without

C.ifithadnotbeenfor

D.alltheabove

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法结构。A项butfor“要不是，如果没有”，B项without“没有”，C项ifithadnotbeenfor“若不是因为……的话”，D项alltheabove“以上所有都是”。根据句子可知，空格处可以表示假设，A项和C项都符合，用来表示对过去的假设；B项也可以用来表示条件，引出虚拟语气；所以A、B、C三个选项都正确。句意：没有你的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.填空题

YourSmartphoneMayBeHurtingYourSleepA)Youloveyoursmartphone,butitmayberuiningyourZZZ’s.Useofthesedevices,especiallynearbedtime,isassociatedwithworsequalityofsleep,accordingtoanewstudy.“Whenwelookedatsmartphoneusearoundthetimewhenparticipantsreportedtheywenttobed,moresmartphoneusearoundthattimeinparticularwasassociatedwithalongertimetofallasleepandworsesleepqualityduringthenight,”saidDr.GregoryMarcus,authorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.

B)Theword“crack-berry”becamepopularroughlyadecadeagotodescribetheaddictivequalityofBlackBerrydevices—arguablythefirstreallysuccessfulsmartphones.Today,almosteveryoneisasmartphonejunkie,standingwithheadbowedwhilewaitingforatrainorinlineatthepostoffice.

C)Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.Toanswerthisquestion,heusedexitinginformationcollectedbyanInternet-basedstudyhestartedinMarch2016.

D)“HealthE-Heart,”whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthisdesignedtostudycardiovascularhealth.Anyone18yearsofageoroldercanenrollinHealthE-Heart,co-foundedbyDrs.MarkPletcherandJeffreyOlgin,professorsatUCSF.Aftersigningaconsentform,enrolledparticipantsself-reporttheirhealthdataviaaseriesofonlinequestionnaires.Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.

E)About80,000participantshaveenrolledinHealthE-Heart,Marcussaid.“We’vehadpeoplefromeverystateintheUS,lotsofpeoplefromeverystate,andweactuallyhavepeoplefrom50countries.”Marcusandhisco-foundersalsomakethedataavailabletootherscientistsconductingunrelatedstudies.Forthenewsmartphonestudy,Marcusmadeuseofthiswealthofinformationtoconducthisown“sub-study”.

F)OfthetotalHealthE-Heartenrollees,653peoplechosetoparticipateinandcompletethenewsmartphone-sleepstudy.Participantsinstalledanappontheirphonestoautomaticallyrecordthetotalnumberofminutesineachhourthescreenwasturnedon(totalscreentime)duringa30-dayperiod.TheseparticipantshadalreadyreportedtheirsleephoursandsleepqualityusingavalidatedquestionnaireaspartofthegeneralHealthE-Heartexperience,Marcusexplained.So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.Byansweringsomanyquestions,participantswereunawareofwhattheresearcherswerestudying,explainedMarcus:“Wewouldn’texpectanybias.”

G)Analyzingthedata,theresearchersdiscoveredthat,onaverage,participantsusedtheirsmartphonesforatotalof38.4hoursovera30-dayperiod.Individualswithalongeraveragescreentimeweremorelikelytohavepoorersleepqualityandlesssleepoverall:About35%ofthosewhousedtheirsmartphonesforshorteramountsoftimethanaveragehadsleepdifficulties,comparedwith42%ofthosewithaverageorgreaterthanaverageuse.Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.

H)Theresearchersdiscoveredthatscreen-timevariesthroughouta24-hourperiod,butmostoccursduringtheday.Yetforsomeparticipants,smartphoneusepeakedduringthenight.“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime,”Marcussaid.

I)Despitepotentialshortcomings,Marcusresearchisinlinewithotherstudiesshowingthattheuseoftechnologynearbedtimeisassociatedwithdifficultysleeping,suchasthe2015NationalSleepFoundationpoll.Otherresearchhasshownthatthebluelightemittedbysmartphones(andotherdigitaldevices)mightsuppressourbody’sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatinducestirednessandcontributestothetimingofsleep-wakecycles.“Sothere’ssomebiologicalplausibilitysupportingtheideathatthereisacausalrelationship,butweweren’tabletoidentifythat,”Marcusnoted.

J)“Itisbelievedthatsleepisarestorativeprocessandabasicbiologicneed,”saidDr.NeilKline,asleepphysician,internistandrepresentativeoftheAmericanSleepAssociation.“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.Notonlydoesourperformance,memoryandattentionspansuffer,ourimmunesystemandendocrinesystemisalsoimpaired.”

K)Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.LeadauthorBenCarter,aseniorlecturerinbiostatisticsatKing’sCollegeLondon,andhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatforteensandchildren,theuseofcellphones,tabletsandcomputersisassociatedwithlosingsleeptimeandsleepquality.

L)Marcussaidhesuspectsthatsomepeoplemaybeaffectedmorethanothersandoveruseofasmartphoneimpactstheirsleepmorethanitwouldforotherpeople.Hehopestoinvestigatethisquestioninthefuture.Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.Headded,“There’salmostcertainlynoharmingivingthatagoodtry.”

11.Ouraddictiontosmartphonesdatesbacktoabouttenyearsago.

_________

12.DatafromHealthE-Heartarecollectedandusedforresearchersintoheartdiseases.

_________

13.ThefindingsofDr.Marcus’sstudyappearedinPLOSOne._________

14.Badsleepersareadvisednottousetheirsmartphoneshalfanhourorsobeforetheygotobed._________

15.Marcusstartedhisresearchbecausehesuspectedtheremightbesomecorrelationbetweensleeplossandsmartphoneuse._________

16.Theuseofdigitaldevicesaffectschildren’ssleeptoo.

_________

17.Tomakesurehisstudywasobjective,Marcusrequiredhissubjectstoprovidemanymoreoftheirlifedetailsthanjustsleephoursandsleepquality.

_________

18.Researchersfoundthosewhospendlongertimeplayingwiththeirsmartphonesaremorelikelytosleepbadly.

_________

19.Marcusconcededthatsomepeopleweresleeplessatnightforreasonsunrelatedtomobilephoneuse.

_________

20.Sleepisourbasicbiologicalneedandlackofitmaycauseourbodyfunctionstodecline._________

【答案】11.B

12.D

13.A

14.L

15.C

16.K

17.F

18.G

19.H

20.J

【解析】11.主旨大意题。题干意思为“我们对智能手机的上瘾可以追溯到大约十年前。”文章第二段主要讲了自十年前黑莓手机被生产出来之后，人们开始对智能手机上瘾，由此可推断出人们对智能手机的上瘾可追溯到大约十年前。因此段落B正确。

12.主旨大意题。题干意思为“来自健康E-Heart的数据被收集并用于研究心脏病。”文章段落D说到“Theinformationisgathered,analyzedandusedtoresearchanddevelopstrategiestopreventandtreatallaspectsofheartdisease.（这些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定预防和治疗心脏病各个方面的策略。）”，其中“这些信息”指来自健康E-Heart的数据，因此段落D正确。

13.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯博士的研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上。”文章段落A说到“HisresearchwaspublishedWednesdayinthejournalPLOSOne.（他的研究发表在周三的《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上。）”，该句与题干意思匹配，因此段落A正确。

14.主旨大意题。题干意思为“建议睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小时左右使用智能手机。”文章段落L说到“Basedonhisresults,hesuggestedthatinsomniacsandothertroubledsleepersshouldavoidlookingattheirscreensforhalfanhourorsobeforegoingtobedtoseewhetherthatmightenhancethequalityoftheirslumber.（根据他的研究结果，他建议失眠症患者和其他睡眠有问题的人应该避免在上床前半小时左右看屏幕，看看这是否能提高他们的睡眠质量。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落L正确。

15.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯开始这项研究是因为他怀疑睡眠不足和使用智能手机之间可能存在某种关联。”文章段落C说到“Knowingthatsmartphoneusehasincreasedtogetherwithsleepdeprivationrates,Marcusandhiscolleaguesdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthetwomightberelated.（了解到智能手机的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，马库斯和他的同事们决定调查这两者是否有关联。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落C正确。

16.主旨大意题。题干意思为“数字设备的使用也会影响儿童的睡眠。”文章段落K说到“Thoughmostofthesenegativeeffectshavebeenstudiedexclusivelyinadults,children’ssleepisalsoaffectedbytechnology,accordingtoanunrelatedstudy.（尽管大多数这些负面影响只在成年人身上进行了研究，但另一项不相关的研究表明，儿童的睡眠也受到科技产品的影响。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落K正确。

17.主旨大意题。题干意思为“为了确保他的研究是客观的，马库斯要求他的研究对象提供更多的生活细节，而不仅仅是睡眠时间和睡眠质量。”段落F说到“So,whenansweringthesleepassessmentquestions,participantsalsoentereddemographicdataplusinformationabouttheiralcoholuse,physicalactivity,smokinghabitsandotherhealthissues.（因此，在回答睡眠评估问题时，参与者还输入了人口统计数据，以及有关他们的酒精使用、体育活动、吸烟习惯和其他健康问题的信息。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落F正确。

18.主旨大意题。题干意思为“研究人员发现，花更长的时间玩智能手机的人更有可能睡眠不好。”文章段落G说到“Andpoorqualitysleepwasmorelikelyforparticipantswhousedtheirsmartphonesnearbedtime.（睡眠质量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手机。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落G正确。

19.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯承认，有些人晚上睡不着觉的原因与使用手机无关。”文章段落H说到“Wecan’texcludethepossibilitythatsomepeoplecan’tsleepforsomecompletelyunrelatedreason,andbecausetheycan’tsleep,they’reusingtheirsmartphone,justtopassthetime.（我们不能排除一些人因为完全无关的原因无法入睡的可能性，因为他们无法入睡，所以他们使用智能手机，只是为了打发时间。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落H正确。

20.主旨大意题。题干意思为“睡眠是我们的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能会导致我们的身体功能下降。”文章段落J说到“Whenanimals,includinghumans,aredeprivedofsleep,therearemanybodysystemsthatfail.（当动物，包括人类，被剥夺睡眠时，许多身体系统会失效。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落J正确。

5.翻译题

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessandwhatitcandoforusnowthanformerly.Summerhomes，Europeanvacations,travel,BMW's—suchitemsdonotseemlessindemandthantheydidadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotadmittheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyastheyoncecould,lesttheybethoughtofaspushing,acquisitive,andvulgar.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsooutstanding,theproperactionseemstobe,“Succeedatallcostsbutrefrainfromappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles,whileitspublicdefendersarefewandineffective.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandcultivatedintheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsurges,butonlythatsinceitisnolongeropenlyhonored,itisthereforelessoftenopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenundergroundormadedevious.

【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。人们对避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、旅游、宝马这类事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也没有减少。情况是人们现在不敢简单公开地像以前那样承认自己的梦想，怕被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌和庸俗的人。对于这样的人，或许还有很多不那么优秀的人，正确的做法是：不惜一切代价取得成功，但是要避免变得野心勃勃。人们从各个角度对野心有很多批评，但是公开批评者很少，并且显得很无力。因此，在美国，将雄心看作是一种健康的动力，一种可敬的从年轻就开始培养了的品质，这很少有人支持。这并不意味着雄心已经没有了，也不意味着人们不再感受到雄心带来的驱动力，相反地，因为不再公开推崇，那么也不会公开宣扬了。这样做带来的结果是，雄心以一种私下看不见的方式驱动着人们。

6.单选题

Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely（）.

问题1选项

A.unjustified

B.unjust

C.misguided

D.unaccepted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unjustified表示“不公正的；不必要的”，B选项unjust表示“非正义的”，C选项misguided表示“被误导的”，D选项unaccepted表示“未被接纳的；被拒绝的；不承担的”。根据句意可知，这部电影的受欢迎程度表明审核员的担心是完全没必要的。因此，A选项最符合原文句意，故本题最佳答案为A选项。

7.单选题

Plantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinanattempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.

问题1选项

A.systematically

B.naturally

C.personally

D.lovingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。methodically表示“有方法地，有系统地”；A项systematically“系统地”，B项naturally“自然地”，C项personally“个人地”，D项lovingly“亲切地，钟爱地”。句意：在温室里培育的植物受到系统地照料，尽可能为它们的生长创造最好的可能条件。根据句意该题选A。

8.写作题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【参考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

9.单选题

Whenthepartyfinishedat11o’clock,theballoonsmyunclehad（）atourdinnertablehadmostofthemexploded.

问题1选项

A.blownup

B.blownover

C.blownout

D.blownin

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。blowup“吹胀”，本句意为“……叔叔吹胀放在餐桌上的气球，大部分都爆了”，想要的表达的意思是吹胀的气球爆了。选项A正确。

10.单选题

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

问题1选项

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项athand“在手边，即将到来”；B选项inturn“轮流，依次”；C选项inconclusion“总之，最后”；D选项atlength“详细地”。句意：导师目前没有时间进行详细说明，但他就自己的计划给了我们一个大概的看法。根据后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，选项D符合语境。

11.单选题

（）,wedrovethehorsesintothestable.

问题1选项

A.Awarethatatornadowasbrewing

B.Becauseatornadobrewing

C.Althoughatornadowasbrewing

D.Atornadowasbrewing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词作状语辨析。形容词短语作状语，相当于“being+形容词”的分词短语作状语。句意：……我们把马赶到马厩里。结合句意，A选项“Awarethatatornadowasbrewing”（意识到一场龙卷风正在酝酿）符合题意，可知A选项正确。因此答案为A选项。

12.单选题

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

问题1选项

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Manufactures“产品”；B选项Yields“生产量，收益”；C选项Creating“创造”；D选项Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要稳定下来，超过5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根据逻辑，前半句讲到要稳定下来，那么之后说的应该也是“收益率”，因此B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项ensure“保证，确保（侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果）；使安全”；B选项guarantee“保证；担保（指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务、义务等承担责任的保证）”；C选项assure“保证；担保（侧重指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心，从而有达到目的的保证感）；使确信；弄清楚”；D选项fulfill“履行；实现；满足；使结束”。句意：为了___反对暴政的自由，我们的先辈制定了这些规则。本句侧重表达“确保达到反对暴政的自由这一目的”。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形词辨析题。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“结束；终结”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“减轻；缓和”，“仔细地浏览作文”的目的是“排除错误”，符合逻辑，所以此处应该使用动词eliminate，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：罗斯玛丽亚当小姐仔细地浏览作文，以排除所有错误。

15.单选题

Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto（）ofthebody.

问题1选项

A.dispense

B.dispose

C.discard

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispense“分配，分发”；C选项discard“丢弃，抛弃”；D选项discharge“卸货，放出”。句意：因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。此外，dispose与of为固定搭配，意思是“处置，处理”。所以只有B选项符合。

16.单选题

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

问题1选项

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我刚关上门，就有人开始敲门。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时，基本用法为：主语+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主语+did。因此B选项正确。

17.翻译题

随着地球上人口的增加，人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。随着人口越来越多，人类的消耗也越来越多。很明显，地球上某些地区人口已经饱和；在这其中的许多地区，未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而，富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例，如粮食和能源，则远大于贫穷国家的人们，他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

18.单选题

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe（

）styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

问题1选项

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。iconoclastic打破旧习的；偶像破坏的；heterodoxy异端，异端邪说；recluse隐居的；phantasmal幻影的；幽灵的；空想的。句意：这位伟大的艺术家所作的这两幅画体现了这个时代（

）风格和将彻底改变中国当代艺术的冲动。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.这句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“彻底改变中国当代艺术”可知空格处所填单词应具有打破旧习的意思，故答案为A。

19.单选题

Thestudentshavelauncheda(n)（）tofightagainstcheatingonexams.

问题1选项

A.action

B.activity

C.campaign

D.behavior

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.action行动；行为过程B.activity（事情发生或发展的）状况；（忙碌或积极的）行为；行动

C.campaign（为取得某目的而组织的）活动，运动D.behavior行为，举止

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“反对考试作弊”可知，launcheda(n)______表示的是“发起了一场运动”，且launchacampaign为固定搭配，意为“发起运动”，所以该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】学生们发起了一场反对考试作弊的运动。

20.单选题

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

问题1选项

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

问题2选项

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

问题3选项

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

问题4选项

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

问题5选项

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“从水科学家的警告中可以推断出什么？”。根据第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.（主要的水科学家发布了迄今为止关于全球食物供应最严厉的警告之一，他们说，为了避免灾难性的食物短缺，世界人口可能不得不在未来40年几乎完全转向素食）可推断，如果不采取措施，人们就将面临食物短缺的问题；故C项“如果不采取适当措施，可能会发生严重的食物短缺”符合题意。A项“创纪录的干旱迫使一半的美国人挨饿”，文章只提到创世纪的干旱影响了美国一半以上的地区将提高食品价格，并没有明确提及挨饿；B项“创纪录的干旱抬高了美国的食品价格”，不只是美国，世界的食品价格将会提高；D项“素食是避免严重短缺的唯一选择”表述太绝对，素食只是其中一种办法。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家们说可以做些什么来增加食物供应？”。根据第三段第一句Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.（科学家们说，在一个气候日益不稳定的世界里，采用素食是增加水资源利用率以种植更多粮食的一种选择）可知，可以通过增加用于食物生产的水资源来增加食物供应，D项“增加粮食生产用水”正确。第三段第二句提到Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.（富含动物蛋白质的食物比素食多消耗5到10倍的水）可知，A项“种植更多富含动物蛋白质的食物”错误；根据第三段倒数第二句Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.（世界上三分之一的可耕地被用来种植喂养动物的作物）可知，把可耕地变为牧场也是选择之一，B项“把牧场变成可耕地”错误；第三段最后一句提到Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.（养活人民的其他选择包括消除浪费和增加粮食盈余国家和粮食赤字国家之间的贸易），可知C项“促进粮食自给自足国家之间的贸易”也不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据水科学家的报告，……”。根据第四段第一句900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease（尽管人均粮食产量继续增加，但已有9亿人在挨饿，200万人营养不良）可知，A项“人均粮食产量一