考研考博-英语-上海行健职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海行健职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（

）boththelargestandnorthernmoststateintheUnitedStates,Alaskahasthe

smallestpopulation.

问题1选项

A.Despitebeing

B.Despiteitis

C.Despitethat

D.Inspitebeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然阿拉斯加州是美国最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口却是最少的。

语法题。考查现在分词引导状语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,空格处表示让步“尽管”,句子后半句为主句,所以前半句为be动词的现在分词形式引导的让步状语从句。故选A。

2.单选题

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

问题1选项

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trump“王牌，法宝，喇叭”；B选项game“游戏，比赛，猎物，野味”；C选项stock“股份，股票，库存，血统，树干，家畜”；D选项dot“点，圆点，嫁妆”。句意：汤姆在网络新闻业务中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C选项正确。

3.案例题

InReadingPassageIthereareseveralsections.Choosethemostsuitableheading(I-IX)fromtheboxbelowwhichbestmatchestheSectionsA-G.

NOTE:Thesearemoreheadingsthansectionssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.Youmayuseanyoftheheadingsmorethanonce.

ListofHeadings

ⅠApositiveaspectofhacking

ⅡTougherpunishmentsforhackers

ⅢResponsetoInternetsecurity

ⅣGrowthoftheInternet

ⅤResponsibilitiesofmanagers

ⅥHackersVsadministrators

ⅦDifficultyofdetection

ⅧGovernmentagencies

ⅨCommonsecuritymeasure

Example:

ParagraphAAnswerIV

1.ParagraphB（）

2.ParagraphC（）

3.ParagraphD（）

4.ParagraphE（）

5.ParagraphF（）

6.ParagraphG（）

【答案】1.VI

2.III

3.Ⅸ

4.Ⅱ

5.I

6.Ⅶ

【解析】1.根据文章第三段，“the‘worm’wasintroducedontheInternettoinvade,attackandreplicateitselfonthenetwork.”，可知“蠕虫”病毒被引入互联网，在网络上入侵、攻击和复制自己，下文继续提到了CERT小组来应对病毒的入侵。可判断出B段的主要内容为黑客和管理者。选项VI符合题意。

2.根据文章第四段，“OneoftheproblemswithInternetsecurityisthefactthattheincidentsareincreasinginsophistication.”，可知本段主要讨论的是互联网的安全问题，紧接着下文提到了对这个问题一系列的回应。可判断出C段的内容为对互联网安全问题的回应。选项III符合题意。

3.根据文章第五段，“Thethingtorememberwithsecurityisthatthesystemadministrationsmustgetitrightallthetime”，可知对于互联网的安全问题，系统管理人员必须保持准确。可判断出D段对于安全问题提出了常见的应对措施。选项Ⅸ符合题意。

4.根据文章第六段，“TheninJuly2002,theHouseofrepresentativesapprovedtheCyberSecurityEnhancementAct.Nowifacybercrimeresultsinthedeathofanindividual,theoffendercouldfacealifesentence.”，可知在2002年7月，众议院通过了《网络安全加强法案》。现在，如果网络犯罪导致个人死亡，犯罪者可能面临终身监禁。结合整段内容，可判断出E段的主要内容为对黑客的惩罚。选项Ⅱ符合题意。

5.根据文章第七段，“someex-hackersusingtheirextensiveknowledgeandexperiencetojoinforceswithsecurityforcestoaidthefightagainstterrorism.”，可知一些前黑客利用他们广泛的知识和经验与安全部队合作，协助打击恐怖主义。可判断出F段的主要内容为黑客积极的一面。选项I符合题意。

6.根据文章第八段，“evenwiththeincreasedthethreatsofpunishment,computervirusesandincidentsofhackingcontinuetobewidespread.”，可知即使受到惩罚的强度增加，计算机病毒和黑客事件仍然普遍存在。可判断出G段作者想要表达的意思是对黑客事件检测的困难性。选项Ⅶ符合题意。

4.单选题

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

问题1选项

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。passedon“传递；去世”；passedup“拒绝；向上递”；passedby“经过”；passedout“晕倒；分发”，根据句意可知此处表达的是他抓住了任何一个可以练习中文的机会，此处只有选择passedup，取其“拒绝”的意思才能使整个句子表达通畅。句意：在他在中国待的两个月时间里，他从未……任何一个练习中文的机会。故正确答案为选项B。

5.单选题

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers（）.

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

问题2选项

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

问题3选项

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

问题4选项

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

问题5选项

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.（对软件的引用通常表示一组指令。）因此可以看出最常见的定义就是一组指令，C选项“一组指令”正确。A选项“复杂的信息处理活动”，在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.（现代办公技术需要软件或程序来进行复杂的信息处理活动。）它并不是软件的定义；B选项“计算机系统的任何非硬件元素”和D选项“流程图和用户手册”，在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.（这个术语的更广泛的应用包括计算机系统的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴随程序的书面文档、流程图和用户手册。后一种用法很少见。）但是原文说了这一种用法很少见，因此错误。

2.判断推理题。根据题干选项关键词定位到第三段第一句话Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）因此B选项“早期的计算机用户别无选择，只能开发自己的软件”是不正确的。A选项“现在硬件制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).软件现在可以从各种来源获得：硬件制造商和供应商、软件公司（开发和销售软件的公司）和职员程序员（用户开发软件）。A项正确；C选项“现在微机用户甚至可以从书店买到软件”，在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.（办公用品店、电脑店，甚至书店都向微机市场出售打包的软件。）C选项正确；D选项“早期的计算机制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）可见之前的制造商也开发并销售软件，D选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到倒数第二段第一句话Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（大型到中型计算机制造商或供应商传统上在系统包中包括软件，有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）因此B选项“过去常常在系统包中包含软件”正确。A选项“严重依赖客户开发的软件”，在倒数第三段的最后一句话Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.（仍然严重依赖由他们自己的程序员开发、测试和完善的程序。）依赖的是程序员开发的软件而不是客户；C选项“可以对软件进行更改以满足客户的需求”，在倒数第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）可以看出只是偶尔会这么做；D选项“以很低的价格出售他们的系统软件包”，这个是文章没有给出具体说法的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段第二句话Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.（公司的成立是为了从事为各种类型和大小的计算机编写和销售软件，但是那些为微型计算机生产软件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微机革命之后，关于计算机软件的公司增多了，D选项“微型计算机用户有许多软件可供选择”正确。A选项“商业软件出版商已经逐渐消失”，原文并没有说它消失了；B选项“主要的硬件制造商开始开发自己的软件”，文章没有具体提到这点；C选项“许多公司停止了大型计算机软件的开发”，文章没有提及。

5.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.（然而，这些高的价格往往是更可取的程序开发的内部成本。经验和竞争提高了课程和教学材料的质量。）也就是说明这些软件的开发主要都是难在经验上，因此人们自己去开发的成本是会非常大的，A选项“计算机用户开发自己的软件比购买软件的成本要高得多”正确。B选项“软件价格居高不下是因为开发任何软件都不容易”，太笼统，不够具体；C选项“用户很难复制软件”，根据最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.（由于用户可以很容易地复制软件，软件的价格仍然很高。）可以发现用户复制软件并不难；D选项“由于经验和竞争，软件长期以来一直是高质量的”，在最后一段的倒数第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.（节目和教学材料的质量通常很差。）可见软件的质量并不是一直都很好。

6.单选题

Somehardplasticscanbe（

）metalsinmanufacturingmachineparts.

问题1选项

A.substitutedfor

B.takentheplaceof

C.replacedin

D.givenwayto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。substitutefor意为“替代，取代”；taketheplaceof意为“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replacein意为“以……代替”，replace后直接接宾语；givewayto意为“向……让步，被……替代”。

句意：在生产机器零件时，一些硬塑料可以取代金属。

7.单选题

Itis（）thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.

问题1选项

A.allergic

B.amateur

C.annual

D.absurd

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。allergic“对……极讨厌”；amateur“业余的，外行的”；annual“每年的，年度的”；absurd“荒谬的，可笑的”。根据后面提到的“做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少”，可知这种做法是荒谬的，因此选项D符合题意。句意：做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少，这是很荒谬的。

8.单选题

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

问题1选项

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很难这个目标。attributeto归因于；audit稽查，审计；bare揭开;脱掉（衣服）；attain获得，达到。因此，D项符合句意。

9.单选题

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

问题1选项

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative为固定搭配,意为“带头,采取主动”。句意:如果没有人带头和计划这次旅行,我们是不会离开家的。选项B正确。

10.单选题

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

问题2选项

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

问题3选项

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

问题4选项

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

问题5选项

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第一句话“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些动植物发展出来一些特征，帮助它们比其他同类更好的适应环境。”可以推断出本题正确答案选C。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。选项A“环境；上下文语境”；选项B“环境；周围的事物”；选项C“邻居”；选项D“敌人”。单词所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根据上题的分析，environments应该指的是周围的事物所形成的环境。故正确答案选B。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛颜色发生变化是因为要融入环境。”这句话是对本段第一句主旨句的举例论证，由此推断，动物的皮毛颜色发生变化是为了融入环境和适应环境。选项D更符合文章意思。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第三段前面两句话“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有机体有许多适应方式，它们也许在结构上，功能上和遗传方面适应……”由这句话可知选项A、B和C都是动物改变自我适应环境的方式。选项D在文章中没有提到。故正确答案选D。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有机体可以创造自身的环境，就像恒温的哺乳动物一样，尽管天气变化，它们也能调节自己的体温。”由此可知作者引用恒温哺乳动物保持体温的行为是为了说明它们能够创造自身的环境。故正确答案选A。

11.单选题

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

问题1选项

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

问题2选项

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

问题3选项

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

问题4选项

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

问题5选项

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】

1.根据第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”选项D正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”侦探小说通常是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人放松之余的创作。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”尽管从表面上看,可以被认出来,但有可能是我们不那么亲密的伙伴。由此可以推断,侦探小说主人公的特点,一般来说,给人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是没可能,选项D符合原文。

4.根据第二段的内容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多数侦探小说作者都认真地提供了一个合理真实的背景。选项A符合原文。

5.根据文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我们对生活的一切希望都是间接实现的。也就是体现在侦探小说中,选项D符合原文。

12.问答题

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthegreatclasslesssociety.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichesofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareput(1)inevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprived(2)

allpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,

(3)

time,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbear

(4)

theclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveled

(5)

ifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,survivalofthefittest,and“mightisright”arestill

(6)

us.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”：

(7)

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagoodstartinlife.Forallthelipservicewepay

(8)

theideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantages

(9)

stateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldhealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkerthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboil

(10)

tothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriateprepositionoradverb(介词或副词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

cliche(inparagraphI)

discredit(inparagraph1)

savagely(inparagraph1)

fallacy(inparagraph2)

dispense(inparagraph2)

rigidly(inparagraph2)

cunning(inparagraph3)

perpetuate(inparagraph3)

indiscriminately(inparagraph3)

dedicated(inparagraph4)

【答案】1.考查副词搭配。由前面的arguments，根据语义可知争论是被提出，putforward意为“提出”。

试题答案：forward

2.考查介词搭配。bedeprivedof意为“被剥夺”，此句意为：存活下来的君主制已经被剥夺了一切政治权利。

试题答案：of

3.考查介词搭配。此处前句意为“继承的财富因税收而被强制减少”，后句意为“巨大的财富将全部消失”，intime意为“最终，迟早”。

试题答案：in

4.考查介词搭配。此处表示examination（调查）与claim（声称）之间的关系，根据语义，此句意为“密切调查不支持这种声明”。bearout意为“证明，证实，支持”。

试题答案：out

5.考查介词搭配。根据后面的if从句，如果给每个人提供平等的教育机会，那么所有人都是平等的，社会也会达到平衡，这种假设是一种谬论。levelout意为“达到平衡”。

试题答案：out

6.考查介词搭配。此句意为：丛林的旧法则，适者生存，强权即公理仍然伴随我们。with意为“和……在一起”。

试题答案：with

7.考查介词搭配。inotheraspect意为“在其他方面”。

试题答案：in

8.考查介词搭配。payto意为“为……付出代价”，此处表示我们为平等观念所付出的口头功夫。

试题答案：to

9.考查介词搭配。此处表示私立学校比公立学校能够提供不公平的优势，over意为“超过，越过”

试题答案：over

10.考查介词搭配。此句表示所有的政治意识形态都归于同一件事情。boildownto意为“归结为……”。

试题答案：down

1.试题答案：陈词滥调

2.试题答案：丧失信誉

3.试题答案：野蛮地，残忍地

4.试题答案：谬论，谬见

5.试题答案：分配

6.试题答案：严格地

7.试题答案：狡猾的

8.试题答案：持续

9.试题答案：不加选择地，随意地

10.试题答案：专注的，投入的

13.单选题

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

问题1选项

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推迟做决定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推迟做某事”，mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语，D选项yourdelayingmaking符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。

14.翻译题

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywayto