考研考博-英语-包头铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-包头铁道职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichbelived.Oneofhisfather’sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop.Oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

39.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof______.

40.Theauthorbelievesthatachild______.

41.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto______.

42.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof______.

问题1选项

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

问题2选项

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts.

问题3选项

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment.

B.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue.

C.honorthewisdomofthepastages.

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities.

问题4选项

A.historyandeconomics.

B.societyandpopulation.

C.biologyandphysics.

D.theologyandphilosophy.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】39.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干意思是“作者对艺术的态度是……”。文章第三句提到Ifwererespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.（如果我们只尊重必然的东西，尊重有权威为必然的东西，那么音乐和诗歌会重新在街上唱诵）以及最后一句说到Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.（虽然诗人或艺术家从来没有如此美好和崇高的设想，但至少他的一些后代会达到这一步的），从这两个句子我们可以知道作者把艺术看作是崇高和美好，而不是被蒙蔽的东西，所以A项“钦佩，赞赏”符合。B项“漠不关心”、C项“怀疑”和D项“反感，厌恶”都不准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

40.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者相信一个孩子……”。第七句提到Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily…（孩子们游戏生活，却比那些难以很好生活的成人们更能清楚的分辨出显示生活的真正规律和联系……），由此可知，对于生活中的困难和问题，作者相信孩子们能够比成年人更好地去面对，故B项“常常比成年人更好地面对各种问题”符合题意。C项“几乎不知道他的真实出身”，这是讲的王子的事情，不是一般的孩子。A项“应该实践印度布道所宣扬的东西”和D项“难以欣赏艺术”在文中没有描述。因此，该题选择B项正确。

41.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者主要关心的是敦促读者……”。文章提到Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.（永恒中，确实有真实和崇高的东西存在。但是所有这一切时间，地点，机遇都是在此时此地。上帝本身在现时达到了顶峰。在今后流逝的岁月中，它绝不会更加神圣崇高。我们只有长期不断地灌输和浸润在周围现实之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的东西。），由此可知，真实和崇高的东西都是存在于现在的，在今后的岁月中，绝对不会变得更加神圣和崇高，所以可推知，作者强调的是人们应该珍惜现在，所以B项“珍视目前的真正价值”符合题意。A项“展望未来，寻求启迪”与原文不符。C项“尊重过去的智慧”和D项“花更多的时间在休闲活动上”没提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要是关于……的问题”。通读全文可知，文章整篇都在就真理和现实来展开论述，传递的内容是哲学推理论说，所以D项“神学和哲学”符合题意。A项“历史和经济学”、B项“社会和人口”和C项“生物学和物理学”都在文中找不到相关的信息。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.单选题

Baltimorewasfoundedin1729.ForagenerationitseemednodifferentfromadozenothersettlementsspringingupattheheadoftheChesapeakeBay;itsclaimtodistinctionconsistedofablacksmith’sshop,flourmill,andtobaccowarehouse.YetBaltimorewasfatedforamoredynamicfuturethanitsslowbeginningseemedtoportend.SpurredbyanagriculturalrevolutionintheMarylandandPennsylvaniacountrysidesaswellasdramaticdisruptionintheAtlanticeconomy,Baltimoreatmidcenturybegantoboom.By1790ithadrisentobecomethenewrepublic’s,fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston.

AlthoughtheBaltimoreoftheJeffersonianarelooked“utterlyunlikethecolonialvillagefromwhichithademerged,thetwosharedmorethanmightbeapparentatfirstglance.”Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.Despitetheestablishmentofnewgovernmentsatthestatelevelin1776,nationallevelin1788,andmunicipallevelin1797,thesamefesteringissuescontinuedtoconvulseitspolitics.IfBaltimorehadbecomericherandbigger,itsoccupationalstructure,wealthdistributionandresidentialpatternswouldhavewithstoodthepressuresofgrowthandlookedaboutthesamein1790asin1812.Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.

1.InwhatyearwasBaltimoreestablished?

2.Whichofthefollowingwasnotoneofthenation’sthreelargestcitiesin1790?

3.Inline13,theword“sparked”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Whatlevelofgovernmentwasestablishedin1788?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBaltimoreof1812canbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.1729.

B.1750.

C.1776.

D.1788.

问题2选项

A.Philadelphia.

B.Boston.

C.NewYork.

D.Baltimore.

问题3选项

A.Burned

B.Flickered.

C.Ledto.

D.Discharged.

问题4选项

A.Municipal.

B.Country.

C.State.

D.National.

问题5选项

A.Itdidnottakethewaythecitydidin1790.

B.Itdidnothavemanyfactories.

C.Itwasnotanenjoyableplaceinwhichtolive.

D.Itcouldnotgrowanylarger.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一句话指出Baltimore成立于1729。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段最后一句提到fourthlargestcitywithaspirationstoovertakethethreestillahead:NewYork,Philadelphia,andBoston，选项D符合题意。

spark所在的句子是Baltimore’seconomyhadexpandedtremendously,tobesure,butthesameforcesthatsparkedexpansionaround1750continuedtosustainitfiftyyearslater.根据前后问，3.可推断spark在句中有“导致”的意思，所以选项C符合题意。

4.文章第二段nationallevelin1788提到是在1788年建立了国家政府，选项D符合题意。

5.文章指出在狂热的城市化进程中，Baltimore在十分安定的状态下度过。1812年的Baltimore和1729年一样，是个“前工业化的城镇”（Inotherwords,thefrenziedandseeminglychaoticpaceofurbanization,Baltimoreenjoyedastrong,elementofstabilityforin1812,nolessthan1729,Baltimorewasapre-industrialtown.）。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years______ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.

问题1选项

A.aslongas

B.asmuchas

C.aswellas

D.ashigheras

【答案】B

【解析】考查比较级用法。A项aslongas表示“只要，和……一样长”，B项asmuchas表示“差不多，和……一样多”，C项aswellas表示“也，和……一样”，D项ashigheras表示“和……一样高”。根据句子前后意思可知，空格处缺少一个表示比较的词语，被比较的对象是Earth’sclimatewillwarmup（地球气候将上升），所以B选项最符合。句意：科学家们普遍认为，在未来的50年到100年里，地球的气候将会变暖，与冰河时代以来的2万年里变暖的程度一样。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

Imaginationand（

）ofamanagerwillhelpmakethebusinessasuccess.

问题1选项

A.simplicity

B.sophistication

C.innovation

D.condescension

【答案】C

【解析】simplicity朴素，简易，天真；sophistication复杂，老于世故；innovation创新，革新；condescension谦卑，屈尊。句意：经理的想象力和创新将有助于商业的成功。选项C符合语境。

5.翻译题

美国人以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日的父亲节。人们用各种形式来庆贺这两个特殊的日子。在母亲节那天，人们佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人还通过参加宗教仪式来向父母致意；在这两天，许多家庭在家中或到餐馆去聚会。这是充满欢乐、美好情感和美好回忆的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

6.单选题

Thedecisionoftheuniversitytoclosetheswimmingpoolatweekends

anangryreactionamongstudents.

问题1选项

A.nurtured

B.provoked

C.cultivated

D.stimulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。nurtured“培育”；provoked“激起，挑衅”；cultivated“发展；耕作”；stimulated“促进；激发”。句意：学校决定在周末封闭游泳池引起学生激烈的反对。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

问题1选项

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conversion“转变”；B选项erosion“腐蚀”；C选项depression“沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁；低气压区”；D选项diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：风和水让岩石和土壤……。风和水对岩石和土壤有侵蚀作用。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.alerted

C.warned

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imposed使（别人）接受自己的意见B.alerted向……报警，使警惕，使戒备（警告某人危险或紧急情况）

C.warned提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能发生的危险或不愉快的事情）D.informed知会，通知（尤指以官方的方式告诉某人某事）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】横线处和police构成动宾搭配关系，指的是有人匿名向警察报警，说可能会有人袭击机场，alerted符合语境，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意机场可能会发生恐怖袭击。

9.翻译题

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessandwhatitcandoforusnowthanformerly.Summerhomes，Europeanvacations,travel,BMW's—suchitemsdonotseemlessindemandthantheydidadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotadmittheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyastheyoncecould,lesttheybethoughtofaspushing,acquisitive,andvulgar.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsooutstanding,theproperactionseemstobe,“Succeedatallcostsbutrefrainfromappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles,whileitspublicdefendersarefewandineffective.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandcultivatedintheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsurges,butonlythatsinceitisnolongeropenlyhonored,itisthereforelessoftenopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenundergroundormadedevious.

【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。人们对避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、旅游、宝马这类事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也没有减少。情况是人们现在不敢简单公开地像以前那样承认自己的梦想，怕被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌和庸俗的人。对于这样的人，或许还有很多不那么优秀的人，正确的做法是：不惜一切代价取得成功，但是要避免变得野心勃勃。人们从各个角度对野心有很多批评，但是公开批评者很少，并且显得很无力。因此，在美国，将雄心看作是一种健康的动力，一种可敬的从年轻就开始培养了的品质，这很少有人支持。这并不意味着雄心已经没有了，也不意味着人们不再感受到雄心带来的驱动力，相反地，因为不再公开推崇，那么也不会公开宣扬了。这样做带来的结果是，雄心以一种私下看不见的方式驱动着人们。

10.单选题

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

问题1选项

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。count“计算总数，数数”；strip“剥去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，详细阐述”；cast“投，抛”。句意：工程师们在这个实验室里花了数周时间（）新自行车计划。能与plans搭配的只有C项“详细说明”。

11.填空题

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改为that

【解析】【考查点】强调句。

【解题思路】Itis…that…为强调句，此题强调这种对话的重要性，引导词用that。

【句意】当我们想方设法提高阅读能力，以匹配更高的学习水平和随之而来的新要求时，这种对话尤为重要。

12.单选题

Ⅲ.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.Pursuanttosection102，copyrightprotectionsubsistsuponsatisfactionofthreeconditions:first,aworkmustbean“originalworkofauthorship”;second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”;andthird,theworkmustcomewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.Inthecontextoffilmingsports,thedecisions“concerningcameraangles,typesofshots,theuseofinstantreplaysandsplitscreens,andshotselectionsimilarlysupplythecreativityrequiredforthecopyrightabilityofthetelecasts”.Sportstelecastsarefixedinatangiblemediumofexpression.Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.

Sportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyrightasan“audiovisualwork”.TheCopyrightActnotesseveraltypesofsubjectmatterthatiscopyrightable,ofwhich“audiovisualworks”isoneofthecategories.Tobesatisfiedasanaudiovisualwork,theworkinquestionmustconsistofaseriesofrelatedimagesshownbytheuseofmachinesordeviceswithaccompanyingsounds.Fromthisdefinition,thereisnodoubtthatsportstelecastsarewithinthesubjectmatterofcopyright.Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.

ThisissuewasfirstaddressedinPittsburghAthleticCo.v.KQVBroadcastingCo.,albeitadecisionundertheoldcopyrightregime.InasuitforaninjunctionagainstKQVBroadcastingforinterferingwithGeneralMills’exclusivecontracttobroadcastPiratesgamesovertheradio,thecourtruledthatthebaseballteamhadapropertyrighttocontrolthenewsofgamesbybroadcasting.

1.Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorshipbecause___.

2.SportstelecastsarefixedintangibleformNOTbecause___.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtotheparagraphs?

4.Themostsuitabletitlefortheseparagraphsis___.

问题1选项

A.theypossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”

B.theyarereproductionsofearlierworks

C.thecreativityelementiseasilysatisfied

D.thedecisionoffilmingsportsconcernsmanyelements

问题2选项

A.telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated

B.Itisofnoconsequencethatlivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission

C.Courtshaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors

D.Section101oftheCopyrightActexpresslyprovidesso

问题3选项

A.TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUS.

B.Oneofthethreeconditionsforcopyrightprotectionisfixation.

C.Telecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated.

D.Sportstelecasts,iftransmittedonalivebasis,arenotcopyrightedworks.

问题4选项

A.CasesInvolvingSportsTelecastsProtection

B.CopyrightabilityofSportsTelecasts

C.ConditionsforCopyrightProtection

D.SportsTelecastsarenotCopyrightable

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Sportstelecastsareoriginalworksofauthorship.Tobeoriginal,aworkmustbeindependentlycreated(asopposedtocopiedfromotherworks)andpossessatleast“someminimaldegreeofcreativity”.Itisobviousthatlivesportstelecastsareindependentcreations,ratherthanreproductionsofearlierworks.（体育电视节目是原创作品。原创作品必须是独立创作的（而不是从其他作品中复制），并且至少拥有“最低程度的创造力”。很明显，体育直播节目是独立的创作，而不是对早期作品的复制）可知选A选项“他们至少拥有‘最低程度的创造力’”，同时可知B选项“他们是早期作品的复制品”错误；第一段Thecreativityelementisjustaseasilysatisfied.（创造性元素同样很容易得到满足）可知C选项“创意元素很容易得到满足”有在原文提及，但并不是体育电视节目是原创作品的原因，不符合题意；D选项“拍摄体育运动的决定涉及到很多因素”不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Additionally,itisofnoconsequencethattheselivesportstelecastsarefixedsimultaneouswithitstransmission.Section101expresslyprovidesthat“aworkconsistingofsounds,images,orboth,thatarebeingtransmitted,is‘fixed’…ifafixationoftheworkisbeingmadesimultaneouslywithitstransmission”.Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.（此外，这些直播的体育节目与它的传输同步是固定的，这是无关紧要的。第101节明确规定，“被传送的由声音、图像或两者组成的作品，是‘固定的’……如果对该作品的固定与它的传送同时进行”。由于比赛的转播是在传播的同时录下的，所以转播以有形的形式固定下来）可知A选项“奥运会的转播是在传播的同时录制的”，B选项“体育实况转播与转播同时固定是没有关系的”以及D选项“版权法第101节明确规定”均是体育节目是固定的有形形式的原因；C选项“法院已经承认摄影和拍摄涉及创造性的努力”在第一段有提及Courtslonghaverecognizedthatphotographingandfilminginvolvescreativeendeavors.（法院早就认识到摄影和拍摄涉及创造性的努力），但并不是体育节目是固定的有形形式的原因。因此C选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段最后一句Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.（既然体育节目，即使是现场转播的节目，都是受版权保护的，那么下一个问题就是版权的归属问题）可知D选项“体育节目，如果是现场转播，则不属于版权作品”和原文相悖；第一段第一句TheCopyrightActof1976isthegoverningfederalcopyrightlawintheUnitedStates.（1976年的版权法是美国适用的联邦版权法）可知A选项“1976年的版权法是美国适用的联邦版权法”原文有提及；第一段second,theworkmustbe“fixedinanytangiblemediumofexpression”（第二，作品必须“固定在任何有形的表达媒介中”）可知B选项“版权保护的三个条件之一是固定”原文有提及；第一段最后一句Sincethetelecastsofthegamesarevideotapedatthesametimethattheyaredisseminated,thetelecastsarefixedintangibleform.（由于比赛的转播是在传播的同时录下的，所以转播以有形的形式固定下来）可知C选项“比赛的转播是在传播的同时录下来的”原文有提及。因此D选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。本文围绕着体育节目以及版权能力展开，选B选项“体育节目版权能力”；A选项“涉及体育节目保护的案件”以及C选项“版权保护条件”都是文章片面内容，不足以概括整篇文章，排除；根据原文Sinceitisclearlyestablishedthatsportstelecasts,eventhosetransmittedonalivebasis,arecopyrightedworks,thenextissueisownershipofthecopyright.（既然体育节目，即使是现场转播的节目，都是受版权保护的，那么下一个问题就是版权的归属问题）可知D选项“体育节目不受版权保护”明显错误，排除。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

问题1选项

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短语,意为"没有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都对顾客开放,顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。

14.单选题

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

问题1选项

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

问题2选项

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

问题3选项

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

问题4选项

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】11.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一种说法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题要求选择作者会赞同的一项，那么就要选择符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越来越大的压力，必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者认为自然资源减少不利于繁荣。第4段最后一句提到“从这种角度来看，在这个背景下，增长对地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好处”，“这个角度或背景”指的是第3段的内容，其中有一点提到“如果这意味着为了外国投资者和少数当地合作者的利益而剥夺他们土地上的矿产和树木资源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者认为，为外国投资者和少数人利益而大量开采自然资源的发展是不利于增进人民福祉的。综上所述，作者应该会赞同D选项“自然资源的减少不利于人类的福祉”的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“国民生产总值是衡量经济增长的可靠指标”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，该句提到“国民生产总值据说（supposedly）是衡量经济增长的一个指标”，根据其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定这个指标可靠，该选项表述错误，属于过度推理；

B选项“人口增长将是经济繁荣的主要威胁”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，该句提到“对日益减少的自然资源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越来越大的压力，必然会不可避免地导致繁荣的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特别是再加上人口增长的话（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）。”由此可知，该句提到经济繁荣的两个威胁：日益减少的自然资源和人口增长，其中前者的影响更大，人口增长并不是主要威胁。该选项表述错误，属于本末倒置；

C选项“繁荣的衰落将不可避免地导致人口的增长”，同样可定位到原文第1段第3句，由该句可知，“人口增长”是因，“繁荣衰落”是果，该选项表述错误，颠倒了因果。

12.【选项释义】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.经济体系的平稳运行依赖于持续的繁荣

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.经济增长并没有加剧第三世界国家的贫困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕国家的增长是以牺牲第三世界国家为代价的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.经济增长的各个阶段不能被社会机制所取代或改变

【考查点】