考研考博-英语-佳木斯职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-佳木斯职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresureitwasacaseof______.

问题1选项

A.vagabond

B.sabotage

C.paradox

D.tachyon

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vagabond流浪者；无业游民B.sabotage蓄意破坏；刻意阻碍

C.paradox悖论，反论；似是而非的论点D.tachyon速子，超光束粒子

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由前文关键信息“Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficiently（机器被破坏得很厉害）”可推断这是蓄意而为，因此本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】机器被毁坏得如此厉害，以致警方断定这是一起蓄意破坏事件。

2.单选题

There’sawhole（）ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

问题1选项

A.stock

B.stack

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。4个选项都有“大量”的意思。A选项stock“储备物；备用物；供应物”，指储存以后拿来用的物品，astockof“一批，大量储备”；B选项stack“大量；许多；一大堆”，指数量很多的物品，astackof“一堆，一摞”；C选项number“大量”，anumberof“一些，许多”，搭配可数名词复数形式；D选项sequence“序列，顺序”，指有先后顺序和连贯的事物，asequenceof“一系列，一连串”。句意：有一大堆的账单等着你去付。Thereis是单数形式，结合语境中一大堆的账单和词组用法，astackof“一堆”和bills“账单搭配”。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

问题2选项

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

问题3选项

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

问题4选项

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

问题5选项

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.本题要求找到这篇文章最恰当的标题。因为文中没有提到和重点关注地球上的生命，排除D选项“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作为本文的高频词和关键词确定文章讲的是与超新星有关的内容，故应排除B项“宇宙中的激变”；通过分析文章可知主要是介绍了超新星的起源以及为宇宙所带来的影响，A选项“超新星的起源和影响”作为标题最适合。

2.题目是问中子星的定义。根据第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加热气态云并且压缩体积巨大的气态云形成新的恒星。中间阶段类似漏气的气球，不断产生能量保持内外压力，最终能量耗尽，星体内部塌陷，形成高密度和高温星体，原子和电子融合形成超级物质，就被称为中子星。所以B选项“介于一颗普通恒星与超新星之间的中间阶段”正确。

3.本题是问第三段中作者提到的陨石……。A项意为“包含着危险的有放射性物质的聚集”；B项意为“比在像我们一样的太阳系中发现的流星更大”；C项意为“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”；D项意为“不包括在我们的太阳系的发展中创造出的物质”。根据最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近关于陨石的发现包括有某些异常的核素的聚集表明了一个超新星可能比我们太阳系产生的时间早45亿年时间。确定C选项“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”正确。

4.本题是问导致超新星存在的第一个首要的事件是什么。根据第一段的描述：在每一百年中有两次银河系中的大质量的恒星就会在超新星爆炸中将自己分解并发射大量的辐射物质并进入太空生成冲击波而席卷整个银河系。这种星级气体加热激波，蒸发了小云朵，并压缩较大的一些到达在自身引力作用下的爆发点最终形成新的恒星，最终会形成中子星。所以D选项“一颗普通的恒星耗尽供应的核燃料并开始爆炸”是第一个发生的事件。

5.由第二段中的内容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射线天文台对超新星现象的本质提供了一些最有用的洞见也就不足为奇了。确定C选项“有时候通过观察X射线光谱来探测超新星比通过观察可见光波段来探测更容易”正确。

4.单选题

Brazil’sconstitution（）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

问题1选项

A.withdraws

B.forbids

C.interrupts

D.objects

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。withdraw“撤销，撤退”；forbid“禁止”；interrupt“打扰”；object“反对”。句意：巴西宪法规定军队禁止使用核能。由宪法可推知forbid更符合题意。故B项正确。

5.单选题

Ifhehadknownhowtorepairthetoaster,hesurely

her.

问题1选项

A.wouldtell

B.wouldhavetold

C.willtell

D.tells

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据if从句的动词时态，可判断出主句应该使用would+现在完成时，因此选项B符合题意。句意：要是他知道怎么修理烤面包机，他肯定早就告诉她了。

6.单选题

Whenworkingonhisnovel,hewasperfectlycautiousnottomakeevena（）ofthepen.

问题1选项

A.slid

B.slip

C.glide

D.skid

【答案】B

【解析】aslipofthepen为固定搭配,意为“笔误”。句意：在写小说时,他非常小心谨慎以免出现笔误。选项B符合句意。

7.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官样文章，冗长的法规条文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外两个目标将总统及其政党紧密联系，团结一致很有可能。第一，减税是共和党一贯主张的优先事项。但第二点放松管制，直到最近才上升到同样的地位。呼吁减少繁文缛节，是共和党人如今的一种有力战斗口号——在许多国会议员的心中，它比削减赤字更有分量。

37.共和党人放松管制议程的直接动机是蔑视巴拉克•奥巴马总统遗留政策，这其中大部分是通过监管法令而确立的。

38.当立法还没有出台时，行政部门就开始指手画脚，断言被《清洁空气法》赋予广泛权力以应对气候变化，而因为《清洁水法》清理了比以往任何时候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合计成本和收益并不简单。支持监管的机构显然可以把数字推向有利的方向。政府官员有时必须做出主观价值判断。

40.虽然共和党人总是提这种数字，但许多经济学家认为这个数大得难以置信。即使那些赞同放松管制的人，也不愿去预测监管对经济增长的影响，而更愿意强调减税的好处。

8.单选题

Theyoungperformerscapturedandheldtheaudience’sattentionfromthemomentthecurtainwentup.

问题1选项

A.gathered

B.caught

C.grabbed

D.trapped

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项gathered“聚集”；B选项caught“捕捉”；C选项grabbed“抓住”；D选项trapped“诱捕”。句意：年轻的演员们从幕布升起的那一刻起就吸引住了观众的注意力。根据句意，C选项与划线词意思贴近，因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

问题1选项

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项noless“不亚于，不比……少”；B选项nomore“不再”；C选项notless“至少”；D选项noso“没有，不那么”。句意：约翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是却没有通过考试。本句表示约翰的努力不亚于他的姐姐。因此A选项正确

10.不定项选择题

Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedascreatureandsymboloftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsfame.WhenRichard’scontemporariescalledhim“CoeurdeLion”(TheLionHeart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears’reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysbeeninEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone.Hewastallanddelicatelyshaped,stronginnerveandmuscles.Herejoicedinpersonalcombat;andborenoill-willagainsthisopponents.Helovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythis,hiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.

Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handed;inwarcarefulindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticsachild,lackingintacticandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeniuswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarms,hewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefailedtheFrenchKing’sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain.

In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulqualify:agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,herodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhiminleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasworsenedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithcourageandcalmandinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhispersonalbelongingsamonghisfriendsorgavethemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfaithfulnesstohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefetalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemplarypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandasanotherheroofmartialromanceatsomeEternalRoundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.

Thearcherwasskinnedalive.

1.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservice”(Paragraph1)meansthattheEnglish（）.

2.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(Paragraph2)impliesthatitwastosomeextent（）.

3.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?

5.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.paidfewtaxestohim

B.gavehimlittlerespect

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhim

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohim

问题2选项

A.spentchieflyatwar

B.impressiveandadmirable

C.livedtooprosperously

D.anemptyshow

问题3选项

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessors

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemies

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessors

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessors

问题4选项

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.

D.Akingwithgreatpoliticalskills.

问题5选项

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepicture

B.thefirstgeneralizeswhilethesecondgivesexamples

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaults

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第一段第五句话“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures”（英国人很少有能感激他帮助的方面，却为他的冒险付出了沉重的代价）可知英国人没有真正的理由对他表示感激，且owe具有感激的意思。A选项“很少向他交税”没有原文依据；B选项“不尊重他”、C选项“几乎没有得到他的保护”两项均说法错误，他在人们心中是一个战士的形象，所以人们是很尊重他的，也得到了其保护。因此D选项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。由题干关键词“magnificentparade”定位到第二段最后一句话“Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain”（他的一生就像一场华丽的游行，当游行结束时，只剩下一片空旷的平原）可知这里的magnificentparade是一片空旷的平原，即D选项徒劳的表演与语义相符。A选项“主要用于战争”说法过于绝对；B选项“令人印象深刻钦佩”没有原文依据；C选项“生活得太富裕”说法错误，在后面甚至背上了债务。因此D选项正确。

第3题:判断推理题。由题干定位到本文最后一段“Thearcherwasskinnedalive”（弓箭手被活剥了皮），再结合第三段的倒数第二句话“Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney”（他赦免了他，并给了他一笔钱）可知理查德不能影响他的继任者的行为。A选项“被自己的继任者欺骗”、B选项“他决心向他的敌人报仇”、C选项“对他的敌人比他的继任者更慷慨”在文中没有体现。因此D选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第一段的第七句话“Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone”（在所有的英勇行为和大规模的战争计划中，理查德都很出色）可知他是很英勇的；再结合第二段的第一句话“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel”（虽然理查德是一个充满血腥和暴力的人，但他太冲动了，既不奸诈，也不残忍）可知理查德是一位英勇的国王，但也犯了很多错误，所以B选项与题意相符。A选项“一个好斗的国王，太喜欢战争了”说法错误，理查德不是好斗的，只是喜欢战斗，但是对对手没有恶意；C选项“一个有能力但狡猾的士兵”说法错误；D选项“具有高超政治技巧的国王”，理查德在政治上就像个孩子，缺乏策略和经验。因此B选项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第二段的第一句话“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.”（虽然理查德是一个充满血腥和暴力的人，但他太冲动了，既不奸诈，也不残忍）可知第一段描述了理查德喜欢战争，第二段便写到他不是天生就是血腥和暴力的，由此推测一、二两段分别描述了理查德的不同方面。B选项“第一个是概括，第二个是举例”说法错误，两者是并列的，只是介绍了理查德的不同方面；C选项“后者是前者的逻辑结果”、D选项“两者都展示了理查的优点和缺点”均说法错误，这两段是并列的关系，不是因果关系，且没有都介绍了其优点与缺点。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

问题2选项

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

问题3选项

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

问题4选项

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果这种新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆虫的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米饼所含的蛋白质尽管质量较好，但对处于生存边缘的家庭所带来的利益将是有限的。”作者的重点在于强调它比其他玉米品种更容易受到昆虫的侵害，所以选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一项成功的新技术必须适应它所处的整个社会文化系统。作物产量的安全性、储藏的实用性、风味和成本都比以前新技术的倡导者所认识到的要重要得多。”选项A，B，D均有所提及，所以本题选C。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的创新，如不透明玉米、南极磷虾和黑小麦似乎更有希望，但现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早。”所以选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早”。选项A在文中没有提及；选项B太过于绝对；选项C表述过于片面，只有选项D能够全面的概括第一段的内容，所以正确。

12.单选题

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheuniversities.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages（1）.usingfacultyfromforeigncountries（2）teachingpositionshavetobe（3）,ofcourse.Itcanhesaidthatforeign（4）thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso（5）problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.

Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolate（6）inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;（7）,whatheneedistobefitted（8）ahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom（9）athome.Heisfacedinhisdailywork（10）differencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents（11）backgroundineachother'scultures.Some（12）ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudentsis（13）bytheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimto（14）himselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso（15）certainadjustmentsinorderto（16）fulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan（17）.Itisn'talwaysknownhowtomake（18）useofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea（19）wherefurtherstudyiscalled（20）.Thefindingsofsuchastudywillbeofvaluetocollegesanduniversitieswithforeignfaculty.

问题1选项

A.with

B.for

C.of

D.at

问题2选项

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.within

问题3选项

A.thought

B.measured

C.balanced

D.considered

问题4选项

A.situation

B.circumstance

C.background

D.condition

问题5选项

A.carries

B.creates

C.emerges

D.solves

问题6选项

A.himself

B.oneself

C.him

D.one

问题7选项

A.otherwise

B.moreover

C.however

D.also

问题8选项

A.into

B.by

C.to

D.with

问题9选项

A.those

B.which

C.what

D.that

问题10选项

A.toward

B.with

C.to

D.at

问题11选项

A.have

B.possess

C.need

D.lack

问题12选项

A.concept

B.feeling

C.plan

D.intelligence

问题13选项

A.ordered

B.asked

C.insisted

D.required

问题14选项

A.place

B.adapt

C.put

D.direct

问题15选项

A.remain

B.keep

C.make

D.cause

问题16选项

A.take

B.make

C.do

D.be

问题17选项

A.show

B.afford

C.express

D.offer

问题18选项

A.powerful

B.creative

C.imaginary

D.advantage

问题19选项

A.scope

B.range

C.field

D.district

问题20选项

A.on

B.for

C.upon

D.at

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查介词。此处：使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须考虑，是名词之间的所属关系，用of，故正确答案为C。

2.考查介词。从上下文来看，空格修饰的是“teachingpositions教学岗位”，最符合语境句意的选项为A。

3.考查动词。本句大意为：“使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须……”，再结合语境，只有D选项合适。

4.考查名词。前文是foreign修饰空格处，根据语境及语意应该填入foreignbackground“外籍背景”，故选择C项。

5.考查动词。句意大概是：“国外的教师资源也会……问题”。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为B“产生”。

6.考查反身代词。根据上下文，空格处指代句子主语“Theforeignresearchscholar外国研究学者”，符合语法结构的选项为A。

7.考查逻辑关系。根据上下文含义，此处表示转折，而且转折词在前，因此最佳答案为C。

8.考查固定搭配。fitinto“（使）适合；与……融为一体”，因此答案为A。

9.考查代词。此处句意为：“他必须适应管理严密的大学体系，而这一点是与他国内的大学体系大不相同的”，空格处缺少代词，代指大学体系。因此答案为D。

10.考查固定搭配。befacedwith“面对”，因此正确选项为B。

11.考查动词。此处大意为：“所有外来教授和他的学生都……文化共同性”，结合语境，正确选项D。

12.考查名词。根据语境及句意，空格处和“whatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudents”之间是所属关系，因此A选项构成“学生脑海中的概念”为最佳答案。

13.考查动词。此处大意为：“外来教授……学生头脑里已存在的那些概念”，空格处修饰concept“概念”这一词，结合语境，故选D。

14.考查固定搭配。adapt...to...使适应于……，因此正确选项为B。

15.考查动词。makeadjustments“做出调整”。根据语境，最佳答案为C。

16.考查固定搭配。takefulladvantageof...“充分利用”，故答案为A。

17.考查动词。show“显示；说明”；afford“买得起；给予，提供”；express“表达；快递的”；offer“提供，供应”。根据语境及句意，D为最佳答案。

18.考查形容词。此处大意为：“……利用外籍教工”，空格处修饰名词use。powerful“强大的；强有力的”；creative“创造性的；有创意的”；.imaginary“虚构的，假想的”；advantage“优势；利益；有利条件”。根据语境及句意，B为最佳答案。

19.考查名词。scope“范围；余地；视野”；range“范围；幅度”；field“领域”；district“区域；地方；行政区”。此处句意为：“这是一个