考研考博-英语-中国农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whenthedisasterhappened,thehelicopter___nearly20peoplefromtheroofoftheburningbuilding.

问题1选项

A.unveiled

B.rescued

C.comforted

D.predicted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.unveiled使公布于众；揭开B.rescued营救；援救

C.comforted安慰；使（痛苦）缓和D.predicted预言；预知

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】when引导时间状语从句，时态为过去式，空格处应填动词的过去式。主语为直升机，根据句子逻辑，直升机应该是从屋顶救人。因此选B.rescued营救，援救。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】灾难发生时，直升飞机从燃烧的楼顶救出了近20人。

2.单选题

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。形容词词义辨折。ingenious“有独创性的，机灵的”；empirical“经验主义的”；objective“客观的”；indignant“愤愤不平的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误时，史密斯先生感到很气愤。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

TherapidgrowthofFlorida’scitieshascausedthestate’sroadsandhighwaystobecome（）.

问题1选项

A.wornout

B.impassable

C.congested

D.muffled

【答案】C

【解析】wornout疲惫不堪的,耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的,拥挤的；muffled听不清的,蒙住的。句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。

4.单选题

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

问题1选项

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。impress“给予某人深刻印象”；affect“影响；感染；”;effect“产生;达到目的”；interfere“冲突;介入”。句意：自然灾害会对我们国家的社会和经济产生不可估量的影响。由naturaldisasters可推知自然灾害会对经济和社会产生影响。故B项正确。

5.单选题

Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。

6.单选题

______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

问题1选项

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据时间状语thedayaftertomorrow，可知讲述的是将来，因此从句的谓语动词可以用动词过去式，或should+动词原形，或were+不定式。根据四个选项可知，此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，因此选项D符合题意。句意：如果他们后天在我们出发之前到达，我们将有一个愉快的晚宴。

7.单选题

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据下句“destroyedfilesincomputers”可推测Melissa是一种计算机病毒，选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：engage“吸引，使参加，，雇佣，从事（后接其他成分需要用介词in）”；选项B：devote“（一般接to引出对象）致力于，奉献”;选项C：register“显示，登记，注册”；选项D：pursue“追赶，从事（可直接跟从事的对象），继续”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合题意，选项D正确。句意：在过去，大部分的林务员都是男性，但现如今这个领域的女性工作人员数量越来越多。

9.单选题

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】句意:语言，文化和个性也许会被认为在思想上是相互独立的，但事实上他们是密不可分的。

考查副词辨析。indistinctly不清楚地，模糊地；separately分别地，个别地；irrelevantly不相干地，不合适地；independently独立地，其形容词形式independent搭配of，表示独立于…的。根据后文的but以及theyareinseparable(他们是密不可分的)可知空格处应该填入与之相对比的词，即可知D项正确。

10.单选题

Toconductsomeformsofsleepresearch,wehavetofindawaytotracksleepinessovertheday.Somepeoplemightbelievethatmeasuringsleepinessisafairlytrivialtask.Couldn'tyou,forinstance,simplycountthenumberoftimesapersonyawnsduringanygivenhourorso?

Inmostpeople'sminds,yawning—thatslow,exaggeratedmouthopeningwiththelong,deepinhalationofair,followedbyabrieferexhalation—isthemostobvioussignofsleepiness.Itisacommonbehaviorsharedbymanyanimals,includingourpetdogsandcatsbutalsocrocodiles,snakes,birds,andevensomefishes.Itiscertainlytruethatsleepypeopletendtoyawnmorethanwide-awakepeople.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhosaytheyareboredbywhatishappeningatthemomentwilltendtoyawnmorefrequently.However,whetheryawningisasignthatyouaregettingreadyforsleeporthatyouaresuccessfullyfightingoffsleepisnotknown.Simplystretchingyourbody,asyoumightdoifyouhavebeensittinginthesamepositionforalongperiodoftime,willoftentriggerayawn.

Unfortunately,yawnsdon'tjustindicatesleepiness.Insomeanimals,yawningisasignofstress.Whenadogtrainerseesadogyawninginadogobedienceclass,itisusuallyasignthattheanimalisunderagooddealofpressure.Perhapsthehandlerispushingtoohardormovingtoofastforthedogtofeelincontrolofthesituation.Amomentortwoofplayandthenturningtoanotheractivityisusuallyenoughtobanishyawningforquiteawhile.

Yawningcanalsobeasignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10a.m.,justafteracoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditwasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.

Thereisalsoasocialaspecttoyawning.Psychologistshaveplacedactorsincrowdedroomsandauditoriumsandhadthemdeliberatelyyawn.Withinmoments,thereisusuallyanincreaseinyawningbyeveryoneelseintheroom.Similarly,peoplewhowatchfilmsorvideosofothersyawningaremorelikelytoyawn.Evenjustreadingaboutyawningtendstostimulatepeopletoyawn.

Thetruthofthematteristhatwereallydon'tknowwhatpurposeyawningserves.Scientistsoriginallythoughtthatthepurposeofyawningwastoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthebloodortoreleasesomeaccumulatedcarbondioxide.Wenowknowthatthisisnottrue,sinceincreasingtheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairseemsnottomakepeoplemorelikelytoyawnbuttomakethembreathefastertotrytobringinmoreoxygen.Ontheotherhand,breathing100percentpureoxygendoesnotseemtoreducethelikelihoodofyawning.

Sinceyawningseemstobeassociatedwithalotmorethantheneedforsleep,weobviouslyhavetofindsomeothermeasureofsleepiness.Someresearchershavesimplytriedtoaskpeoplehowsleepytheyfeelatanytimeusingsomesortofself-ratingscale.Thereare,however,problemswithgettingpeopletomakethesetypesofjudgments.Sometimespeoplesimplylietotheresearcherswhenaskedabouthowsleepytheyare.Thisoccursbecauseinmanyareasofsocietyadmittingthatoneisfatiguedandsleepyisconsideredamarkofweaknessorlackofambitionanddrive.Inotherinstances,peoplemayadmittheyneedfourcupsofcoffeetomakeitthroughthemorning,butitmayneveroccurtothemthatthismightbeduetothefactthattheyaresosleepythattheyneedstimulationfromcaffeinetobeabletodotheirrequiredtasks.Forthesereasons,manyresearchershavedevelopedanalternatemethodtodeterminehowsleepyapersonis.Itisbaseduponasimpledefinitionofsleepneed:Thegreateryoursleepneed,orthesleepieryouare,thefasteryouwillfallasleepifgiventheopportunitytodoso.

1.ThequestioninLines3-4(Paragraph1)isbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

2.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph?

3.Theauthormentionsthe"coffeebreak"toemphasizethata（）

4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdirectlydisprovewhat"scientistsoriginallythought"？

5.Thepassageasawholeisbestcharacterizedas（）

问题1选项

A.Directobservationistheonlyreliablemethodofconductingsleepresearch.

B.Peoplewillyawnmostfrequentlyinthemomentsbeforetheyfallasleep.

C.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenyawningandsleepiness.

D.Yawningisabehavioroverwhichindividualsexertlittleconsciouscontrol.

问题2选项

A.Understatement.

B.Anecdote.

C.Analogy.

D.Metaphor.

问题3选项

A.briefrespitewassorelyneeded

B.givenattitudewasinappropriate

C.specificresponsewasunderstandable

D.certainbehaviorwasunexpected

问题4选项

A.Carbondioxidedoesnotaffectpeople'sbreathingrates.

B.Yawningdoesnotreducetheneedforsleep,thoughitmaymakeapersonfeellesstired.

C.Becauseyawningbringsmoreairintothelungs,itcanincreasetherateatwhichoxygenisabsorbed.

D.Peopledonottendtoyawnmuchathighaltitudes,whereoxygenlevelsintheairarelow.

问题5选项

A.informative

B.confessional

C.philosophical

D.argumentative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章首段的问题是很多人认为测量睡眠不难，难道数一数在测定时间内的哈欠数不可以吗？在第二段中提及打哈欠是失眠最明显的迹象。言外之意是在睡眠与哈欠之间有某种关系。选项C正确。

第2题:信息归纳题。understatement"陈述"；anecdote"奇闻轶事"；analogy"类比"；metaphor"暗喻"。第四段作者举了一个亲身经历的例子，关于士兵第一次跳伞都会打哈欠的事例，此例子应属于奇闻轶事。选项B正确。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“coffeebreak”定位到第四段，作者认为士兵们刚过了coffeebreak，不应该感到困乏。所以打哈欠这个行为是出乎意料的。选项D正确。

第4题:信息推断题。根据第六段第二句的科学家最初认为打哈欠的目的是增加血液中的氧气含量或释放一些积聚的二氧化碳。根据第六段倒数第二句可知选项A表述错误；选项B与题干不符；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D在氧气浓度低的高地，人们并没有打更多哈欠的趋势。按照科学家的理论，在氧气浓度低的地方，为了增加血液中的氧气，人们要多打哈欠，而现在恰恰没有多打,因此证明科学家之前的想法是不正确的。所以本题选D。

第5题:观点态度题。informative"教育性的"；confessional"忏悔的"；philosophical"哲学的"；argumentative"争辩的"。本文主要针对别人的观点进行了反驳，看似是辩论，但文中的反驳都是为作者的叙述而服务的，并非针锋相对的辩论，所以总体看来还是一篇以普及教育为主的文章，所以选项A更为合适。

11.单选题

Theinternationalsituationhasbeengrowing（）difficultforthelastfewyears.

问题1选项

A.invariably

B.presumably

C.increasingly

D.dominantly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项invariably“不变地”；B选项presumably“大概，推测起来”；C选项increasingly“越来越多地”；D选项dominantly“有统治权地”。句意：最近几年里，国际形势日益严峻。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Ifwecontinuetoharmtheenvironmentwelivein,wewill

thecourseofhumanbeingintodanger.

问题1选项

A.turn

B.startout

C.put

D.carry

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Turninto“进入，变成”。句意：如果我们继续破坏我们居住的环境，我们会让人类陷入危险。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Googleisnottheonlysearchutilityintown,butitcomeswithsucha(n)（

）collectionoftoolstofocusyoursearchthatitistheengineofchoiceformanyofus.

问题1选项

A.comparable

B.formidable

C.innumerable

D.compatible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词辨析。comparable“可比较的”；formidable“强大的”；innumerable“无数的”；compatible“兼容的”。句意：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它有强大的工具集合，使其能够强化搜索能力，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

问题1选项

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。cultivate“培养，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，实现”；assist“帮助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：这所大学的老师花很多努力培养学生说外语的习惯。A项符合题意，答案A

15.单选题

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

问题1选项

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语＋would/should/might/couldhave＋动词过去分词，从句：had＋动词过去分词。

试题答案：C;haddevoted

16.单选题

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

问题1选项

A.mustmake

B.wouldmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。mustdo表示对现在的肯定的推测；woulddo表对将来的推测；shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做某事却未做，表达一种责备或内疚的语气；couldhavedone表示过去本能够做某事却未做，表示对过去事情的假设。此句是对过去情况的一种推测，因此选D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中挣到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她们决定为了家庭而不去工作。

17.单选题

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

问题1选项

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项noless“不亚于，不比……少”；B选项nomore“不再”；C选项notless“至少”；D选项noso“没有，不那么”。句意：约翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是却没有通过考试。本句表示约翰的努力不亚于他的姐姐。因此A选项正确

18.单选题

ByChristmasI（）inthisofficefortenyears.

问题1选项

A.willwork

B.willbeworking

C.willhavebeenworking

D.willhaveworked

【答案】D

【解析】句意：到圣诞节的时候,我在这个办公室就待了十年了。by后面一般接完成时,所以首先排除选项A和B,根据句意可知说这句话的时候还没有到圣诞节,所以用将来完成时。选项C为将来完成进行时,而这里指从过去到圣诞节这段时间截止,不存在进行时,所以选项D正确。

19.单选题

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

问题2选项

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

问题4选项

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文中说到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而这是第一次世界大战的英文表述，因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文中说到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，许多恶行都是由于生理有机体的病态或缺陷状态造成的。因此相对的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由文中两个感叹句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困扰威尔斯笔下主人公的是“races”，也就是C选项的prejudice“偏见”。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文中没有直接提到选项的一些关键词，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社会交往的问题已经讨论过很多次，但还远未能实现，紧跟着后文提到的一系列问题也是道德在社会交往层面未能实现的体现，因此生活为理想的实现以及更高层次新理想的诞生创造了可能性，C选项“认为道德生活包括社会交往”符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文中提到“Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated…Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics.”通过这些表述，可知作者对新时期道德的发展是很有信心的，因此B选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Thegeologistsallovertheworldmakegooduseofmanydifferenttechniquestoprobetheoriginoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.prove

B.retreat

C.research

D.retrieve

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项prove“证明，检验”，B项retreat“退（棋），使后退”，C项research“研究，调查”，D项retrieve“检索，恢复，重新得到”。句意：世界各地的地质学家很好地利用了许多不同的技术来探索世界的起源。根据句意可知，probe在句中表示“探索”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此，该题选择C项。

21.单选题

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

问题1选项

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项volumes“体积，容量”；B选项rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项dimensions“规模，大小”；D选项outputs“输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售……，并增加了4.7%的利润。salesvolumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。

22.单选题

Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface:AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务长)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequaltouniversitypresidentinAmerica.

Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonnel(人员)tendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.

ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活动家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.

ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbers.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamongadministrators(管理人员),andhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.

Inthepastfewyears,well-knownschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.

Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspective(视角)onestablishedpractices.

1.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?

2.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?

3.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?

4.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause________.

5.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?

问题1选项

A.InstitutionworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheUS.

B.Alotofactivistsarebeinghiredasadministrators.

C.Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.

D.Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.

问题2选项

A.Thepoliticalcorrectness.

B.Theirabilitytoraisefunds.

C.Theirfameinacademiccircles.

D.Theiradministrativeexperience.

问题3选项

A.Thetuitions(学费)theychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.

B.Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentcontrol.

C.Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.

D.Mostoftheirmoneycomesfromthegovernment.

问题4选项

A.shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney

B.shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale

C.sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas

D.shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus

问题5选项

A.Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.

B.Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.

C.Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.

D.Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段倒数一、二句Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.（然而，人才流动并非是世界性的。高层管理人员的流动只倾向于一个方向：从美国向外。），可知当前高等教育倾向于从美国招聘管理人员，A选项“世界各地的机构都在从美国招聘管理人员”正确。B选项“许多积极分子被聘为管理员”，C选项“美国大学正在扩招国际学生”和D选项“大学校长更加注重筹款”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句TheboardfinallypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.（董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯•本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，因为他很可能在现代大学校长的主要任务上做得很好：筹资。），可知美国大学在招聘高级管理人员时主要考虑筹资方面的能力，B选项“他们筹集资金的能力”正确；A选项“政治正确性”和C选项“他们在学术界的名声”不是主要考虑的内容。D选项“他们的管理经验”：根据第三段最后一句Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.（筹集资金的能力很大程度上是经验和需要的产物。），可知要求的是筹资方面的经验，而非管理经验。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.（与此同时，许多欧洲大学仍主要依赖政府资助。），可知D选项“它们的大部分资金来自政府”正确。A选项“学费一直在上涨”，B选项“其运作受到政府的严格控制”和C选项“它们正在通过全球化加强他们的地位”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition”.（2003年，剑桥大学任命另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。剑桥大学公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她对“耶鲁大学的财务状况起到了重要的监督作用”。），可知艾莉森•理查德成为副校长的主要原因是在筹资方面做出的贡献，A选项“她很擅长筹款”正确；没有提到艾莉森•理查德让剑桥大学和耶鲁大学的联系加强，B选项“她可以帮助加强与耶鲁大学的联系”错误。C选项“她知道如何吸引海外学生”和D选项“她提高了耶鲁大学的学术地位”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.（外国人可以为现有做法提供新的视角。），可知C选项“他们会从一个新的角度来看待很多事情。”正确。B选项“他们会吸引来更多的国际教员”：根据文章倒数第二句Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.（教育的全球化意味着，更多的大学将寻求具有某种国际经验的领导，以促进国际项目和吸引全球学生群体。），可知吸引的是国外的学生而非教员。A选项“他们可以提升大学的形象”和D选项“他们可以建立新的学科”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

23.单选题

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefactsarecannotbediscoveredwithoutreflection.Knowledgeofthefactscannotbeequatedtothebruteimmediacyofoursensations.Whenourskincomesintocontactwithobjectshavinghightemperaturesorwithliquidair,theimmediateexperiencesmaybesimilar.Wecannot,however,concludewithouterrorthatthetemperaturesofthesubstancestouchedarethesame.Sensoryexperiencesetstheproblemofknowledge,justbecausesuchexperienceisimmediateandfinallyitmustbecomeinformedbyreflectiveanalysisbeforeknowledgecanbesaidtotakeplace.

Everyinquiryarisesfromsomefeltproblem,sothatnoinquirycanevengetunderwayunlesssomeselectionorsiftingofthesubjectmatterhastakenplace.Suchselectionrequires,wehavebeenurgingallalong,somehypothesis,preconception,prejudice,whichguidestheresearchaswellasdelimitsthesubjectmatterofinquiry.Everyinquiryisspecificinthesensethatithasadefiniteproblemtosolve,andsuchsolutionterminatestheinquiry.Itisidletocollect“facts’’unlessthereisaproblemuponwhichtheyaresupposedtobear.

Theabilitytoformulateproblemswhosesolutionmayalsohelpsolveotherproblemsisararegift,requiringextraordinarygenius.Theproblemswhichmeetusindailylifecanbesolved,iftheycanbesolvedatall,bytheapplicationofscientificmethod.Butsuchproblemsdonot,asarule,raisefar-reachingissues.Themoststrikingapplicationsofscientificmethodaretobefoundinthevariousnaturalandsocialsciences.

The“facts”forwhicheveryinquiryreachesoutarepropositionsforwhosetruththereisconsiderableevidence.Consequentlywhatthe“facts”aremustbedeterminedbyinquiry,andcannotbedeterminedantecedentlytoinquiry.Moreover,whatwebelievetobethefactsclearlydependsuponthestageofourinquiry.Thereisthereforenosharplinedividingfactsfromguessesorhypotheses.Duringanyinquirythestatusofapropositionmaychangefromthatofhypothesistothatoffact,orfromthatoffacttothatofhypothesis.Everyso-calledfact,therefore,maybechallengedfortheevidenceuponwhichitisassertedtobeafact,eventhoughnosuchchallengeisactuallymade.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Thephrase“irrespectiveof”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Theauthormentioned“Whenourskin…besimilar”inordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestparaphrasethelastsentence“Itisidle