考研考博-英语-内蒙古医科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古医科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory,oneofthoseawfuleventsthateveryoneagreesmustneverbeallowedtohappenagain.Thisurgeisunderstandableandnoble:thousandshavelostvirtuallyalltheirretirementsavingswiththedemiseofEnronstock.Butmakingsureitneverhappensagainmaynotbepossible,becausethesuddenimpoverishmentofthoseEnronworkersrepresentssomethingevenlargerthanitseems.It’sthelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromiseofthe20thcentury.

Thepromisewasassuredeconomicsecurity—evencomfort—foressentiallyeveryoneinthedevelopedworld.Withtheexplosionofwealth,thatbeganinthe19thcenturyitbecamepossibletothinkaboutapossibilitynoonehaddaredtodreambefore.Thefearatthecenterofdailylivingsincecavemandays—lackoffoodwarmth,shelter—wouldatlastloseitspowertoterrify.Thatremarkablepromisebecamerealityinmanyways.Governmentscreatedwelfaresystemsforanyoneinneedandseparateprogramsfortheelderly(SocialSecurityintheU.S).Laborunionspromisednotonlybetterpayforworkersbutalsopensionsforretirees.Giantcorporationscameintotobeingandofferedthepossibility—insomecasesthepromise—oflifetimeemploymentplusguaranteedpensions.Thecumulativeeffectwasafundamentalchangeinhowmillionsofpeopleapproachedlifeitself,areversalofattitudethatmostrankasoneofthelargestinhumanhistory.

Theearlyhintsthatthispromisemightbebrokenonalargescalecameinthe1980s.U.S.businesshadbecomeuncompetitivegloballyandbeganrestructuringmassively,withhugeLayoffs.Thetrendacceleratedinthe1990sasthebastionsofcorporatewelfarefacedreality.IBMendeditsno-layoffpolicy.AT&Tfiredthousands,manyofwhomfoundsuchathingsimplyincomprehensible,andafewofwhomkilledthemselves.Theothersupposedguarantorsofoureconomicsecuritywerealsoindecline.Labor-unionmembershipandpowerfelltotheirlowestlevelsindecades.PresidentClintonsignedahistoricbillscalingbackwelfare.AmericansrealizedthatSocialSecuritywon’tprovidesocialsecurityforanyofus.

Alessvisiblebutequallysignificanttrendaffectedpensions.Tomakecostseasiertocontrol,companiesmovedawayfromdefinedbenefitpensionplans,whichobligatethemtopayoutspecifiedamountsyearsinthefuture,todefinecontributionplans,whichspecifyonlyhowmuchgoesintotheplaytoday.Themostcommontypeofdefined-contributionplanisthe401(k).Thesignificanceofthe401(k)isthatitputsmostoftheresponsibilityforaperson’seconomicfatebackontheemployee.Withinlimitstheemployeemustdecidehowmuchgoesintoplaneachyearandhowitgetsinvested—thetwofactorsthatwilldeterminehowmuchit’sworthwhentheemployeeretires.

WhatbringsusbacktoEnron?Thosebillionsofdollarsinvaporizedretirementsavingswentinemployees’401(k)accounts,Thatis,theemployeeschosehowmuchmoneytoputintothoseaccountsandthenchosehowtoinvestit.Enronmatchedacertainproportionofeachemployee’s401(k)contributionwithcompanystock,soeveryonewasgoingtoendupwithsomeEnroninhisorherportfolio;butthatcouldberegardedasafreebie,sincenothingcompelsacompanytomatchemployeecontributionsatall.AtleasttwospecialfeaturescomplicatetheEnroncase.First,someshareholderschargetopmanagementwithillegallycoveringupthecompany’sproblems,promptinginvestorstohangonwhentheyshouldhavesold.Second,Enron’s401(k)accountswerelockedwhilethecompanychangedplanadministratorsinOctober,whenthestockwasfalling,soemployeescouldnothaveclosedtheiraccountsiftheywantedto.

ButbyfarthelargestcauseofthishumantragedyisthatthousandsofemployeeswereheavilyoverweighedinEnronstock.Manyhadplaced100%oftheir401(k)assetsinthestockratherthaninthe18otherinvestmentoptionstheywereoffered.Ofcoursethatwasn’tprudent,butit’swhatsomeofthemdid.

TheEnronemployees’retirementdisasterispartofthelargertrendawayfromguaranteedeconomicsecurity.That’swhypreventingsuchathingfromeverhappeningagainmaybeimpossible.ThehugeattitudinalshifttoI’ll-be-taken-care-oftookatleastageneration.Theshiftbackmaytakejustaslong.Itwon’tbecompleteuntilanewgenerationofemployeesseeassuredeconomiccomfortasa20th-centuryquirk,andunderstandnotjustintellectuallybutintheirbonesthat,likemostpeopleinmosttimesandplaces,they’reontheirown.

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?

问题1选项

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.

问题2选项

A.people’soutlookonlife

B.people’slifestyles

C.people’slivingstandard

D.people’ssocialvalues

问题3选项

A.thecorporatelay-offs

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespending

C.theeconomicrestructuring

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunions

问题4选项

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfuture

B.Enronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestment

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspending

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplan

问题5选项

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Whydoestheauthorsayatthebeginning“ThemiserablefateofEnron’semployeeswillbealandmarkinbusinesshistory...’’?1.为什么作者在开头说“安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑……”？

A.Becausethecompanyhasgonebankrupt.A.因为公司已经破产了。

B.Becausesucheventswouldneverhappenagain.B.因为这样的事情不会再发生了。

C.BecausemanyEnronworkerslosttheirretirementsavings.C.因为许多安然公司的员工失去了他们的退休储蓄。

D.Becauseitsignifiesaturningpointineconomicsecurity.D.因为它标志着经济安全的转折点。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，最后三句指出“随着安然股票的破产，成千上万的人失去了几乎所有的退休储蓄。但要确保这种情况不再发生，可能是不可能的，因为安然员工的突然贫困，比它看上去的更大。这是20世纪最大胆的承诺之一的最新转折（thelatestturnintheunwindingofoneofthemostaudaciouspromise）。”，从中可知，安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑带来了一个转折，而第二段第一句提到“这一承诺保证了发达国家基本上每个人的经济安全，甚至舒适”可知，这个转折就是经济安全，综合理解可知，第一段开头说“安然公司的员工的悲惨命运将成为商业历史上的里程碑”，是因为它标志着经济的转折点。因此，该题选择D项“因为它标志着经济安全的转折点”。

【干扰项排除】A项“因为公司已经破产了”、B项“因为这样的事情不会再发生了”和C项“因为许多安然公司的员工失去了他们的退休储蓄”由解题思路可知，虽然这三项在第一段有提到，但并不是作者说这句话的真正原因，这三项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,thecombinedeffortsbygovernments,laborunionsandbigcorporationstoguaranteeeconomiccomforthaveledtoasignificantchangein______.2.根据该文章，政府、工会和大企业为保证经济稳定而共同努力，导致了______的重大变化。

A.people’soutlookonlifeA.人们的人生观

B.people’slifestylesB.人们的生活方式

C.people’slivingstandardC.人民的生活水平

D.people’ssocialvaluesD.人们的社会价值观

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后三句的内容“政府为有需要的人建立了福利体系，为老年人设立了单独的项目（美国的社会保障）。工会不仅承诺为工人提供更高的工资，还承诺为退休人员提供养老金。大型企业应运而生，并提供了终身就业和有保障的养老金的可能性——在某些情况下是承诺。这种累积效应从根本上改变了数百万人对待生活本身（approachedlifeitself）的态度，这是人类历史上最大的态度转变之一。”可知，政府、工会和大企业为保证经济稳定而共同努力的累积效应是改变了人们对生活的态度，即人生观。因此，该题选择A项“人们的人生观”。

【干扰项排除】B项“人们的生活方式”、C项“人民的生活水平”和D项“人们的社会价值观”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Changesinpensionschemeswerealsopartof______.3.养老金计划的变化也是______的一部分。

A.thecorporatelay-offsA.公司裁员

B.thegovernmentcutsinwelfarespendingB.政府削减福利开支

C.theeconomicrestructuringC.经济重组

D.thewarningpoweroflaborsunionsD.工会发出警告

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后两句“克林顿总统签署了一项历史性的削减福利的法案。美国人意识到社会保障不会为我们任何人提供社会保障。”可知，政府削减了福利，而第四段第一句开头指出“一个不太明显但同样重要的趋势影响到养老金”，后面提及退休金计划的改变，所以综合理解可推知，养老金计划的改变也是政府削减福利开支法案的一部分。因此，该题选择B项“政府削减福利开支”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“公司裁员”和B项“经济重组”是就业和经济安全方面的影响，与题干无关，属于出处错位；

C项“工会发出警告”在原文没有提及，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.ThousandsofemployeeschoseEnronastheirsoleinvestmentoptionmainlybecause______.4.成千上万的员工选择安然公司作为他们唯一的投资选择，主要是因为______。

A.the401(k)madethemresponsiblefortheirownfutureA.401k计划让他们为自己的未来负责

B.EnronofferedtoaddcompanystocktotheirinvestmentB.安然公司提出在他们的投资中增加公司股票

C.theiremployersintendedtocutbackonpensionspendingC.他们的雇主打算削减养老金支出

D.Enron’sofferwassimilartoadefined-benefitplanD.安然公司提供类似于固定收益计划

【答案】B

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】第五段第三句指出“安然将每个员工缴纳的401k养老金的一定比例与公司股票匹配，所以每个人最终都会在他或她的投资组合中得到一些安然的股票”，由此可知，安然公司让投资者拥有他们公司的股票，因此很多员工选择安然作为他们投资的唯一选择。故该题选择B项“安然公司提出在他们的投资中增加公司股票”。

【干扰项排除】

A项“401k计划让他们为自己的未来负责”在原文有提到，但与题干无关，属于出处错位；

C项“他们的雇主打算削减养老金支出”是政府削减福利开支法案对养老金的影响，与题干无关，属于出处错位；

D项“安然公司提供类似于固定收益计划”根据解题思路可知，安然公司提供的是股票，而股票并不是固定收益，所以该项属于曲解原文。

5.【选项释义】

5.WhichisNOTseenasalessondrawnfromtheEnrondisaster?5.哪一个不是从安然危机中吸取的教训？

A.The401(k)assetsshouldbeplacedinmorethanoneinvestmentoption.A.401k的资产应该放置在一个以上的投资选择。

B.Employeeshavetotakeupresponsibilitiesforthemselves.B.员工必须为自己承担责任。

C.Sucheventscouldhappenagainasitisnoteasytochangepeople’smind.C.因为很难改变人们的想法，这样的事情有可能再次发生。

D.Economicsecuritywon’tbetakenforgrantedbyfutureyoungworkers.D.未来的年轻人不会认为经济安全是理所当然的。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第二三四句“这就是为什么防止这样的事情再次发生是不可能的。人们对‘我会被照顾’的态度的巨大转变至少花了一代人的时间。返回可能需要同样长的时间。”可知，人们自以为经济保障是理所当然的，要想改变这种观念要很久的时间，所以推断，未来的年轻人还是会认为经济安全是理所当然的，D项“未来的年轻人不会认为经济安全是理所当然的”与这一分析相反，但符合题意。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“401k的资产应该放置在一个以上的投资选择”和B项“员工必须为自己承担责任”根据倒数第二段的内容“但到目前为止，造成这一人间悲剧的最大原因是，成千上万的雇员在安然股票中的权重严重超标。许多人将他们的401k资产全部投资于股票，而不是提供给他们的其他18种投资选择。当然，这并不明智，但有些人就是这么做的。”可知，这两项属于反向干扰；

C项“因为很难改变人们的想法，这样的事情有可能再次发生”由解题思路可知，要想改变人们自以为经济保障是理所当然的这种观念要很久的时间，所以这样的事情可能会再次发生，该项属于反向干扰。

2.单选题

Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.impact

C.impair

D.impose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项impart“传授”，B项impact“影响”，C项impair“损害、削弱”，D项impose“利用”；句意：酒精也会影响你的判断力，让你在寒冷天气的紧急情况下无法做出最佳或最明智的决定。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Theuniversityrefusedtoaccepthimbecausehewasnot（

）foradmission.

问题1选项

A.admissible

B.permissible

C.eligible

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。admissible意为“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意为“容许的，许可的”；eligible意为“有资格的，合格的，具备条件的”；suitable意为“合适的，适当的”。

句意：这所大学拒绝接收他，因为他不合入学资格。

4.单选题

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

问题1选项

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡。因此D选项符合题意。

5.翻译题

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。

稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。

由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”

因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。

如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。

6.单选题

Amywaselectedchairmanofthecommitteebya（

）vote.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.synonymous

C.simultaneous

D.unanimous

【答案】D

【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同义的；simultaneous同时发生的；unanimous全体一致的。句意:艾米经全体一致投票当选为委员会主席。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

问题1选项

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negligible“微不足道的”；B选项discerned“察觉，辨别”；C选项ignorant“无知的”；D选项oblivious“健忘的”。句意：这些外表严肃的人沉浸在会话当中，似乎对周围嘈杂的人群一无所知。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

问题2选项

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

问题3选项

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

问题4选项

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

问题5选项

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.本题要求找到这篇文章最恰当的标题。因为文中没有提到和重点关注地球上的生命，排除D选项“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作为本文的高频词和关键词确定文章讲的是与超新星有关的内容，故应排除B项“宇宙中的激变”；通过分析文章可知主要是介绍了超新星的起源以及为宇宙所带来的影响，A选项“超新星的起源和影响”作为标题最适合。

2.题目是问中子星的定义。根据第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加热气态云并且压缩体积巨大的气态云形成新的恒星。中间阶段类似漏气的气球，不断产生能量保持内外压力，最终能量耗尽，星体内部塌陷，形成高密度和高温星体，原子和电子融合形成超级物质，就被称为中子星。所以B选项“介于一颗普通恒星与超新星之间的中间阶段”正确。

3.本题是问第三段中作者提到的陨石……。A项意为“包含着危险的有放射性物质的聚集”；B项意为“比在像我们一样的太阳系中发现的流星更大”；C项意为“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”；D项意为“不包括在我们的太阳系的发展中创造出的物质”。根据最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近关于陨石的发现包括有某些异常的核素的聚集表明了一个超新星可能比我们太阳系产生的时间早45亿年时间。确定C选项“包含数块在数亿年前就存在的超新星”正确。

4.本题是问导致超新星存在的第一个首要的事件是什么。根据第一段的描述：在每一百年中有两次银河系中的大质量的恒星就会在超新星爆炸中将自己分解并发射大量的辐射物质并进入太空生成冲击波而席卷整个银河系。这种星级气体加热激波，蒸发了小云朵，并压缩较大的一些到达在自身引力作用下的爆发点最终形成新的恒星，最终会形成中子星。所以D选项“一颗普通的恒星耗尽供应的核燃料并开始爆炸”是第一个发生的事件。

5.由第二段中的内容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射线天文台对超新星现象的本质提供了一些最有用的洞见也就不足为奇了。确定C选项“有时候通过观察X射线光谱来探测超新星比通过观察可见光波段来探测更容易”正确。

9.翻译题

6.Insteadofbeingapproachedbyhumanpersonnel,thebankfoyerisstaffedbyarobot,whichservesasthebanklobbymanager,andisabletocommunicatewithcustomerstomeettheirneedsandsolvetheirproblems.Thedifferencebetweenatraditionalself-servicebankandtheunmannedbankistheintelligentself-serviceequipmentwhichisabletoaccessvariousbankingserviceswithinthebranch.

【答案】【参考译文】

6.在银行大厅迎客的不是人类员工，而是作为银行大堂经理配备的一个机器人，它能与客户交流互动以满足其需要并解决其问题。传统的自助银行和无人银行之间的区别在于智能自助服务设备，它能够访问分支机构内的各种银行服务。

10.单选题

Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.

问题1选项

A.dubiously

B.potently

C.profusely

D.candidly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词lavishly意为“丰富地；浪费地；大方地”；A选项“dubiously”意为“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项“potently”意为“有说服力地；强有力地；有效力地”；C选项“profusely”意为“丰富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D选项“candidly”意为“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”。句意：此外，竞选活动本身得到了慷慨的资助，有足够的钱用于一流的工作人员旅行和电视广告。由题干可知，withplentyofmoney（有足够的钱）说明financed（资助）肯定是充足的，或者数量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此处最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

问题1选项

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。

语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时,固定搭配turnout“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。

12.单选题

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意为“这份报纸的发行量似乎与它所包含的新闻量成反比”，这句话想要表达的是报纸发行量太少，inreverse表达“相反”的意思使得句子逻辑成立。因此选项C正确。

13.单选题

Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityisfrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherpart-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailingsinthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

16.Whichofthefollowingdoes“labormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?

17.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.

18.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

19.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.

20.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.

问题1选项

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

问题2选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题3选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题4选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytim