考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals（）asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve解除，减轻；release释放；dismiss解散，解雇；discard抛弃，丢弃。句意：许多动植物会释放一种物质来吸收有害的化学物质。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

问题1选项

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。establish“建立;创立”；represent“代表；表现”；perform“表演；执行：完成”；occur“发生”。句意：如果用药期间出现上述症状，请立刻咨询医生。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（诊断）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

问题1选项

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

问题2选项

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

问题3选项

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

问题4选项

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我们所知，在新闻业和其他领域一样，我们可以从专业实践的系统研究中学到很多东西。这样的研究收集了一些证据，从中可以发展出广泛而普遍的原则。”可知第一段主要说明应该将重点放在专业实践的研究上。答案B

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遗憾的是，关于采访的大量文献很少关注新闻采访”可知C项“新闻采访作为一个特殊的领域被忽视了”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，实际上很少有人已当面被大众媒体，特别是被电视采访”。可知D项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本书的序言。答案D

4.单选题

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们己经废除了人剥削人的制度。

动词辨析。Cancel取消，删除;abolish废除（一种制度，形式）;refuse拒绝；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

5.案例题

Ifmovietrailers（预告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心灵的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根据第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（预告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介词in后面接名词或动名词。

2.根据第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在这里相当于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名词即可。

3.

根据关键词“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重点理解proceed和ceed意为"在之前"，secure意为"获得，得到"。

4.根据关键词“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在这里为介词，后面接名词或动名词。

5.根据第三段的内容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”题干中的to不定式做is的表语，后面直接用动词且为原形。

6.单选题

Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.exploited

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exploited“被利用的”；controversial“有争议的”；inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”；remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”。句意：热带植物的多样性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的”；B选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的；间隔的，每隔（……天等）的；（一个或多个事物）另外的，可供选择的；（两者）互不相容的；另类的，非传统的；（叶、芽）互生的”。句意：经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些琐碎的细节，以后再解决。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时thebanana，从四个选项可知cultivate是一个关键词，其与thebanana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是was过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Afterbeingdiagnosedashavingtuberculosis,shemovedtotheSouth______herhealth.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.forthesakeof

D.asaresultof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项atthecostof“以……为代价”，B项onthevergeof“处于……的边缘”，C项forthesakeof“为了……”，D项asaresultof“因此，由于”。根据句子意思“在被诊断患有肺结核后，她搬到了南方……她的健康。”可推断，空格处应该表示原因，A、B选项排除；D选项单纯指某一个原因造成的结果；C选项有比较强的目的性，所以C选项最符合。句意：在被诊断患有肺结核后，她为了自己的健康搬到了南方。因此，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

问题1选项

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家……几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。

11.单选题

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge（

）ourthinking.

问题1选项

A.whichtobebasedon

B.uponwhichtobase

C.towhichtobebasedon

D.whichtobaseupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：没有事实，我们就不能形成有价值的观点，因为我们的思考是建立在事实知识之上。ourthinking与factualknowledge之间是主动的关系，所以排除A、C两项。再由句意：“思考是建立在事实知识之上”，可知B项为试题答案。

12.单选题

Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVand（）theirpets.

问题1选项

A.stroking

B.desiring

C.modeling

D.flattering

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。stroke"轻抚,抚摸";desire"希望,渴望";model"做模特;制作模型";flatter"奉承;谄媚"。句意：对某些人来说，生活中最大的乐趣是花时间在家里看电视和抚摸他们的宠物。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

问题1选项

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：警察盘问那人时，他否认偷了超市里的任何东西。根据动词短语denydoingsth.确定非谓语动词用现在分词ing形式，根据steal的动作发生在deny之前，确定用完成时，C选项havingstolen符合题意。没有denytodosth.的用法，A选项tohavestolen和B选项tosteal错误。D选项havingbeenstealing没有这个用法，语法错误。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

IntheAmericans’minds,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Whentheboundariesarecrossed,Americanswill（）stiffenandtheirmannerwillbecomecool.

问题1选项

A.visibly

B.tragically

C.uneasily

D.tremendously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。visibly“明显地，显然地”；tragically“悲剧地，悲惨地”；uneasily“不自在地，不稳定地”；tremendously“非常地，可怕地”。句意：在美国人的心目中,有些界限人们是不能跨越的。当这些界限被越过时,美国人会（）变得僵硬,他们的态度会变得很冷酷。and表示并列关系，其前后表示的内容的性质一致，由and后面的内容“他们的态度也很冷酷”可推知空格处意为美国人明显变得很僵硬，故A项正确。

15.单选题

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

问题1选项

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

问题2选项

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

问题4选项

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

问题5选项

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

问题6选项

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

问题7选项

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】1.由题干中的单词factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.这种强调有两个主要原因。首先，人们很早就发现，许多主要致幻剂的分子结构与血清素相似。此外，对服用迷幻药后的脑神经化学的动物研究总是报告血清素水平的变化。确定B选项‘5-羟色胺和致幻剂化学结构的相似性‘正确。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged为关键词，具有转折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue这一假设必须在周围组织上进行验证,由此可知答案为C选项’研究结果为反驳这一假设提供了证据‘正确。

3.该题为主旨概括题。文章第一句开篇点题，讲的是科学家对迷幻药的研究，并将研究目标集中于神经递质血清素，并得出了迷幻药对目标神经元的影响作用。所以C选项‘研究结果强烈表明，致幻药物通过作用于位于大脑目标神经元上的血清素受体来产生效果。‘正确。

4.由上题可知，文章主要是描述迷幻药对人的神经元的影响作用。并且回答了是怎么对人的神经产生影响的。选项A选项‘研究人员如何控制LSD对行为的影响?’文章没有提及。文章是对动物的实验，但并没有对比人与动物的区别，所以选项B‘动物对LSD的反应与人类有何不同?’排除。选项D‘什么技术进步能让研究人员更准确地预测LSD对行为的影响?’文章没有提到。所以排除法，选C。

5.该词出现在最后一段，Thatis后是对该词的解释。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.这与大脑血清素缺乏的动物吸收血清素的行为相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受体，而不是通过释放血清素来间接作用。所以确定A选项‘这一系列的行为，通常与给药血清素有关，当给大脑中血清素不足的动物注射LSD时也会发生‘正确。

6.最后两段，作者提出相反的假设，以证据证明假设。所以D选项‘总结假设背后的推理，提出支持假设的证据，描述反驳支持证据的研究。‘正确。

7.题干提问作者的态度。A选项‘完全同意’；B选项‘不支持‘；C选项‘不予考虑的’；D选项‘无关紧要的‘。文中第二段作者对早期的以Unfortunately和challenged语气进行了否定，接着在下文中论述，从而得出真正的结果。所以B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Shehasthe（

）ofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.

问题1选项

A.optimum

B.option

C.orientation

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。

句意：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。

17.单选题

（）isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.

问题1选项

A.Which

B.As

C.What

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】句意:初学者不能很快地阅读英文原版书是很正常的。

语法题。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句的时候，表示“正如那样”的含义。as指代的是后面的句子“abeginnercan'treadthebookswritteninEnglishveryquickly’’，而此处不用which,是因为定语从句中的which不能放在句首。

18.单选题

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

问题1选项

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably"相当地,非常";approximately"大约,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家学院,主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。

19.填空题

Americahasthebestsystemofhighereducationintheworld.TheInstituteofHigherEducationatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityrankstheworld’suniversitiesonaseriesofobjective（1）suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.17ofthetop20universitiesinthatlistareAmerican.Americanuniversities（2）employ70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners.Theyproduceabout30%oftheworld’s（3）ofarticlesonscienceandengineering,accordingtoasurvey（4）in2001，and44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.

WhyisAmericasosuccessful?Wealthclearlyhassomethingtodowithit.Americaspendsmorethantwiceasmuch（5）studentastheOECD（经合组织）average，andalumniandphilanthropists（慈善家）routinelyshoweruniversities（6）gold.Historyalsoplaysapart.Americanshavealwayshada（7）forhighereducation.ThePuritansestablishedHarvardCollegein1636,justtwo（8）aftertheyfirstarrivedinNewEngland.

ThemainreasonforAmerica’ssuccess,however,liesinorganization.Thefirstprincipleisthatthefederalgovernmentplaysa（9）part.Americadoesnothaveacentralplanforitsuniversities.Itdoesnottreatits（10）ascivilservants,as（11）FranceandGermany.Instead,universitieshaveawide（12）ofpatrons.Theacademiclandscapehasbeen（13）byrichbenefactorssuchasEzraCornell,CorneliusVanderbilt,JohnsHopkinsandJohnD.Rockefeller.

Thesecondprincipleiscompetition.Universitiescompetefor（14）,fromstudentstoprofessorstobasketball,stars.Professorscompeteforfederalresearch（15）.Studentscompeteforcollegescholarshipsorresearchfellowships.Thismeansthatsuccessfulinstitutionscannot（16）ontheirlaurels（成就）.

Thethirdprincipleisthatitisallrighttobeuseful.Americahasalways（17）universitiesasmorethanivorytowers.This（18）on“payingdividends”remainsa（19）featureofacademicculture.Americanhas（20）theartofforginglinksbetweenacademiaandindustry.Americanuniversitiesearnmorethan$1billionayearinroyaltiesandlicensefees,anddozensoperatetheirownventurefunds.

测试

【答案】1.criteria

2.currently

3.output

4.conducted

5.per

6.with

7.passion

8.decades

9.limited

10.academics

11.do

12.range

13.shaped

14.everything

15.grants

16.rest

17.regarded

18.emphasis

19.prominent

20.pioneered

【解析】1.由suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.如诺贝尔奖的数量和发表在著名期刊上的文章。可知这些都属于条件。

2.本句结构完整，句意：美国大学（）雇佣世界上70%的诺贝尔奖得主。

3.句意：科学家产出了世界上30%的关于科学和工程方面的学术文章，以及44%的经常被引用的文章。

4.conductasurvey做调查；句意：根据2001年的一项调查…

5.句意：美国花在每个学生身上的钱是经合组织平均水平的两倍多。

6.showerwith抛撒，大量给予；句意：校友和慈善家每年都会大量赠予资金。

7.haveapassionfor对…的强烈爱好；由下一句“清教徒在第一次到达新英格兰后于1636年建立哈佛大学”可知“美国人对高等教育有强烈爱好”。

8.此空需要填一个表示时间的名词。twodecades20年。

9.此空需填一个形容词，空前有不定冠词a修饰，故空格处所填形容词不以元音字母开头。再联系下文可知，对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有实行中央计划。所以美国高等教育成功的第一个原因就是联邦政府发挥了有限的作用。形容词中只有limited符合题意。

10.treat…ascivilservants将___看作公务员。由上一句可知“对于美国的大学，美国政府没有实行中央计划。”所以接着进一步说明，美国政府没有把美国大学看作是政府的公务员。

11.asdoFranceandGermany像法国和德国那样。句意：对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有一个实行中央计划。

12.haveawiderangeof有广泛的…。由下文可知有一些富有的捐赠者，故此空填range.

13.此空需填一个动词的过去分词，表被动。学术氛围被形成，故用shaped。

14.由空后的from…可知美国的大学对于一切都竞争。

15.此空需填一个名词，由federalresearch可推知是政府的研究补助金。句意：教授为获得政府的研究补助金而竞争。

16.reston停留在…。由上文可知美国的大学为一切而竞争，教授为获得补助金而竞争，学生为了奖学金而竞争，整个大学都是在不断地向前的一种状态。故这空总结道：这意味着成功的大学不能停留在这些成就上。

17.regard…as把…认作；句意：美国总是将大学看作不仅仅是象牙塔。

18.空后有介词on,空格处要填名词，只有emphasis合适。句意：这种强调取得好结果成为了…。

19.此空需填形容词，美国大学对取得好结果的关注成为了其学术文化的显著特色。

20.此空需填动词。句意：美国开创了在学术界和工业界建立联系的艺术。美国首先开创了这门艺术，故用pioneered。

20.单选题

Morethan100（）catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

问题1选项

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。loose“宽松的”；tamed“驯服的，平淡的”；wild“野生的”；stray“迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾经在中国某个省份街上流浪的猫被收留并被组织去对付破坏庄稼的啮齿动物。

21.单选题

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood（

）ofrealsuccessinlife.

问题1选项

A.essence

B.decree

C.qualification

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；decree意为“法令，命令”；qualification意为“资格，授权”；criterion意为“（批评、判断等的）标准，准则”。

句意：一个人能挣多少钱并不总是判断生活中真正成功的好标准。

22.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthaten