考研考博-英语-云南国土资源职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南国土资源职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。如果空气中含有杂质，这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收，使人生病。我们需要清洁的空气，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在着空气污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏，然后就作为垃圾扔掉。我们烧掉许多垃圾，烟灰就增多了。还有工厂生产的汽车，一旦出厂在街上行驶，将会吸进空气，排出有毒气体，并增加空气中的烟尘。

世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染，我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。学校开设了关于污染问题的课程。企业开始帮着净化空气，他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。

或许，人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。

【答案】【参考译文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.

Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.

Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.

2.问答题

Humanbeingsarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthat(A)theythinktheyare(B)paying(C)aguaranteeto(D)endlessbetterment.

【答案】试题答案：C;payingfor

【解析】考查固定搭配。payfor（为……而付出，因……而付出）中的pay为不及物动词，for表示原因。

3.单选题

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。

4.单选题

IthinkthatIcommitteda（

）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

问题1选项

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。

5.单选题

CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor’soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon’thavetoskipworktotendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions.“Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,”saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.

Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;theyspendenoughunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseveremailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialog.“Wearenotstupid,”saysStirlingSomers,executiveoftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup.“Doctorsgettingpaidinacriticalpieceisgettingthistowork.”Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.

Doctorsalsofearthey’llbeswampedbyramblinge-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat’sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif-basedstart-up.Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatentsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.ThedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplanwhichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.

CanE-mailreplacethedoctor’soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requireastethoscopetodiscoverwhat’swrong—andtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor’sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor’svisitsoffera“verynarrow”sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.

Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theinternet’srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis“ahugerollofthediceforHealinx”,notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,expectsomeHMOS(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)topayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren’tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-upistostanddown.

1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof（）.

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors’visits?

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,doctorsare（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether（）.

问题1选项

A.rewardingtheiremployee

B.gratifyingthelocalhospitals

C.boostingworkerproductivity

D.testingasophisticatedtechnology

问题2选项

A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.

B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.

C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.

D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.

问题3选项

A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothing

B.notinterestedinWebconsultation

C.tootiredtotalktothepatientsonline

D.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit

问题4选项

A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthem

B.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisits

C.HMOSwouldcoverthecostoftheservice

D.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三句hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon’thavetoskipworktotendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions.（希望在线访问将意味着员工不必为了照顾小病或慢性病而翘班。），说明电子健康计划的目的是让员工花更多的时间在工作上，提高生产力。因此C选项“提高工人生产力”正确。A选项“奖励他们的员工”，B选项“让当地医院满意”，D选项“测试复杂的技术”均不能说明该计划的目的，所以A，B，D错误。

2.推理判断题。A选项“是一个前景很好的行业”，由原文Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren’tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-upistostanddown.（如果医生、雇主和病人都不满意，还有一家电子健康计划初创企业将退出。）可知该计划的前景还不明朗，所以A错误。B选项“是由当地政府资助的”，文中没有提及政府资助，所以B错误。C选项“受到所有病人的欢迎”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“处于实验阶段”，由原文可知并非所有的医生都支持该项目，且在线看病还不能完全替代医院看病，是否能达到预期目的也有待观察，说明该项目还处于实验阶段，所以D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;theyspendenoughunpaidtimeonthephone.（医生们并没有吵着要和病人在网上免费看病，他们花在电话上的无酬时间已经够多了。），说明医生不愿意无偿在线看病。因此A选项“不愿无偿在线看病”正确。B选项“对网络咨询不感兴趣”，由原文可知有9%的人感兴趣，所以B选项错误。C选项“太累了，无法在网上和病人交谈”，在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“满足于每次网上看病的20美元薪酬”，文中没有说到他们满足于这个薪酬，所以D错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到最后一段第一句alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice（该计划还希望确定在线看病是否会提高工人的生产率，足以抵消服务成本），说明只有在线看病能发挥其效果，能够抵消服务成本，即在线看病能替代医院看病时，该项目才有前景。因此B选项“可以有效地替代医院看病”正确。A选项“雇主会对他们保持信心”，C选项“HMOS将支付服务费用”，D选项“将利用新技术改进电子健康项目”均不是项目成功的关键，所以A，C，D错误。

6.单选题

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

问题1选项

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重温，仔细检查；cameup发生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向讲清楚。句意：语言障碍使沟通很困难，但我的一部分想法最终还是被（）了。因此D选项符合句意。

7.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

8.单选题

Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologytheyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracetheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.

Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.

Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetaideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas（）

3.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto（）

4.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?

5.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT（）

6.Whydoestheauthormention"industrialization"inParagraph3?

问题1选项

A.Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

B.Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal.

C.Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury.

问题2选项

A.weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors

B.wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle

C.believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower

D.wantedtomovetothecities

问题3选项

A.participateintheurbanreformmovement

B.seekfinancialsecurity

C.complywithagovernmentordinance

D.avoidcrimeandcorruption

问题4选项

A.Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.

B.Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth.

C.Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.

D.Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.

问题5选项

A.localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies

B.someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments

C.theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment

D.privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments

问题6选项

A.Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities.

B.Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas.

C.Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem.

D.Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨题。文章第一段主要讲述了美国人民对城市生活的看法，第二、三段主要讲述城市改革。结合全文，选项C更能概括全文主题。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第一段的第三句“theyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.”他们宣称，这种意识形态宣扬的是最伟大的职业和农村生活优于城市生活。由此可以推断居住在乡下的人认为农村生活好，这就是一种"自豪感"。选项B正确。

第3题:细节推断题。根据第一段的五、六句“Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.”经济现实战胜了理想，为了获得稳定并且薪水高的工作，人们返回都市。选项B符合原文。

第4题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第三句“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”改革者担心私营的公用事业公司会对这些基本服务收取过高的费用，并且只向有能力承担的人提供这些服务。也就是说并非所有城市居民都能享受这些服务，选项A符合原文。

第5题:细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“Proponents...guaranteeafairprice.”可知选项A和C正确；根据第二段的第二句“Waterandsewerage...wereprivatelyowned.”可知选项B正确；选项D私营公用事业公司被要求向地方政府支付费用曲解了原文“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”的意思。

第6题:细节推断题。定位到第三段的第三句“Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.”城市规划并不是什么新鲜事，但是19世纪晚期的快速工业化和城市发展却没有考虑到秩序，也就是说对于发展的布局没有很好的构思和设计，这个就是提到industrialization的目的。选项A正确。

9.填空题

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationonFridayproposedtwoimportantrules_1_atpreventingthecontaminationofproduceandprocessedfoods.The_2_rulerepresentaseachangeinthewaytheagencypolicesfood,aprocessthatcurrently_3_takingactionaftercontaminationhasbeenidentified.

Changesincluderequirementsforbetterrecordkeeping,contingency（应急的）plansforhandlingoutbreaksandmeasuresthatwouldpreventthespreadofcontaminationinthefirstplace.Whilefoodproducerswouldhavelatitudein4howtoexecutetherules,farmerswouldhavetoensurethatwaterusedinirrigationmeetcertainstandardsandfood_5_needtofindwaystokeepfreshthatmaycontainbacteriafromcominginto_6_withfoodthathasbeencooked.Newsafetymeasuresmightincluderequiringthatfarmworkerswashtheirhands,_7__portabletoiletsinfieldsandensuringthatfoodsshouldbecookedattemperatureshighenoughtokillbacteria.

Whetherconsumerswill_8_bearsomeoftheexpensesofthenewruleswasunclear,theagencyestimatedthattheproposalswouldcostfoodproducerstensofthousandsofdollarsayear.PresidentObamarequested$220millioninhis2013_9_,butDr.MargaretHamburg,commissioneroftheF.D.A,said“resourcesremainanongoingconcern.”Nonetheless,agencyofficialswere_10_thatthenewruleswouldprotectconsumersbetter.

【答案】1.A2.N3.H4.F5.M6.D7.G8.O9.C10.I

【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，__防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对、目的在于符合句意，aimat为固定搭配。

2.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposedtwoimportantrules”可判断空格部分“The__rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断proposed被提议的、建议的符合句意。

3.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程__在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involvedoingsth包含。

4.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由__如何执行这些规定。从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。

5.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“Whilefoodproducerswouldhave……”可判断空格部分“food__”。句意为：食品__需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。

6.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品__煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，comeintocontactwith和……接触、接触到。

7.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里__便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。

8.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者__是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。

9.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的__中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。

10.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。

10.单选题

Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.muchmore

B.asmuchas

C.thatasmuchofthat

D.asmuchasthatof

【答案】B

【解析】考查平行结构。平行结构指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列连词连接两个对等的词或者对等的结构：1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致，2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致，3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致；整个题干有省略的部分，把句子展开Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意：去年花在社会保险上的钱是十年前花在社会保险上的四倍，即可以看出句子中的平行结构themoney与省略的that平行，spentonsocialinsurancelastyear与省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A选项：muchmore后边接多音节形容词或者副词，也能接可数名词复数或者不可数名词，more是much或者many的比较级，代入后不符合题干；C，D选项代入后可以看到that重复，破坏平行结构；B选项代入后符合平行结构。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Myclassmatesstoodtherelookinguneasilyatme,puzzlingwhyIhadn’tgotannoyedthistimewhenIcouldn’tgetmyown（）.

问题1选项

A.way

B.wish

C.will

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项way“方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福；想要的东西，希望的事；请求，要求”；C选项will“意志，决心；心愿；遗嘱；意旨；愿意；想要；决心要；用意志力使；遗赠”；D选项desire“（n.）欲望；要求，心愿（v.）想要；要求；希望得到……；渴望”。根据固定搭配getone’sownway“随心所欲，想怎样就怎样”可知该题选way。句意：我同学站在那儿，不安地看着我，似乎在疑惑为什么我这次没有因为没有用自己的方式处理问题而焦虑。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Ifwecontinuetoharmtheenvironmentwelivein,wewill

thecourseofhumanbeingintodanger.

问题1选项

A.turn

B.startout

C.put

D.carry

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Turninto“进入，变成”。句意：如果我们继续破坏我们居住的环境，我们会让人类陷入危险。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

14.单选题

Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury（）whatheatis.

问题1选项

A.mandidknow

B.didmanknow

C.manknew

D.didn'tmanknow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装。notuntil位于句首时,

句子要倒装,

即将助动词提前。结构为Notuntil+助动词+（主句）主语+谓语。选项B正确。

15.案例题

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1〜10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根据下文：婴儿与母亲形成依恋关系，必须经历分离和个性化的过程。所以填空处应该与婴儿和母亲之间的关系相关。

2.根据下文：父母对子女的爱心和关爱是必不可少的...。选项A一个安全,充满爱的环境是发展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，与下文相对应，所以正确。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,选项H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"与之相对应。

4.根据下文可知本段主要是讲被收养的孩子。这里是进行举例，所以选项I符合原文内容。

5.根据上文可知，这里是回答收养的孩子与生母之间的关系，选项B正确。

6.结合上下文的内容可知，这里是描述年龄大一点的被收养的孩子的生活状况，所以选F。

7.根据下文的内容可知本段主要是讲收养对健康的自我意识的发展的影响。选项E正确。

8.上一段提出了收养家庭应如何帮助收养的孩子提供关爱，度过难关，但下文的内容又指出孩子们依然可能会出现分离焦虑症，所以选项G尽管有这些措施，有时孩子可能会依然有分离焦虑症，符合原文逻辑。

9.选项C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild与上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相对应，所以正确。

10.选项J如果一个被收养的孩子被慈爱的父母收养，那么他至少有平均的成功个性化的机会。这与上文紧密联系,所以正确。

16.单选题

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat（）byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

问题1选项

A.is

B.been

C.be

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】语法题——考查独立主格结构。前半句“Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth”已经是个完整的句子，后半句没有关联词，所以不可能再出现动词，排除A和C，而“小麦”和be之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词being。句意：农业是这个国家财富的主要来源，小麦是迄今为止最大的谷类作物。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Hisclassmateswererepelledbyhis______andcomplainingstatements.

问题1选项

A.detrimental

B.obscure

C.querulous

D.rancorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”，B项obscure表示“昏暗的，朦胧的，晦涩的”，C项querulous表示“易怒的，暴躁的，爱发牢骚的”，D项rancorous表示“怀恶意的，深恨的”。根据关键词complaining（抱怨）可知，并列的空格处填入“爱发牢骚的”符合语境。句意：他的同学们被他的牢骚和抱怨所厌恶。因此，该题选择C项正确。

18.单选题

Conscience（）himdayandnightafterhesawthemiseriesotherchildwhichwascausedbyhismisdoingswithhisowneyes.

问题1选项

A.racks

B.persecutes

C.maltreats

D.abuses

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A:rack“折磨”；B:persecute“迫害”；C:maltreat“虐待”；D:abuse“滥用”。句意：在他看到其他孩子由于他的失误所造成的痛苦之后，良心一直折磨着他。良心应和折磨搭配，因此A符合题意。

19.单选题

TheIndianswereforcedtobuildtheirhutsalongthe______wind-sweptmountainside.

问题1选项

A.desperate

B.fertile

C.desolate

D.feeble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项desperate“不顾一切的，令人绝望的”，B项fertile“富饶的，肥沃的”，C项desolate“荒凉的，无人烟的”，D项feeble“微弱的，无力的”。由beforcedto（被迫）可知，空格处要填入一个贬义的词语，B项排除；空格处修饰的词语是mountainside（山坡），A项修饰人，所以排除；D项修饰“山坡”并不符合语境，所以C项正确。句意：印第安人被迫沿着荒凉的向风山坡建造棚屋。因此，该题选择C项。

20.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：engage“吸引，使参加，，雇佣，从事（后接其他成分需要用介词in）”；选项B：devote“（一般接to引出对象）致力于，奉献”;选项C：register“显示，登记，注册”；选项D：pursue“追赶，从事（可直接跟从事的对象），继续”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合题意，选项D正确。句意：在过去，大部分的林务员都是男性，但现如今这个领域的女性工作人员数量越来越多。

21.翻译题

TheEnglishmanhasbeencalledapoliticalanimal,andhevalueswhatispoliticalandpracticalsomuchthatideaseasilybecomeobjectsofdislikeinhiseyes,andthinkers,miscreants,becausepracticeiseverything,afreeplayofthemindisnothing.Thenotionofthefreeplayofminduponallsubjectsbeingapleasureinitself,beinganobjectofdesire,beinganessentialproviderofelementswithoutwhichanation’sspirit,whatevercompensationsitmayhaveforthem,mustinthelongrun,dieofemptiness,hardlyentersintoanEnglishman’sthoughts.Itisnoticeablethatthewordcuriosity,whichinotherlanguagesisusedinagoodsense,tomean,asahighandfinequalityofman’snature,justthisdisinterestedloveofaplayofthemindonallsubjects,foritsownsake—itisnoticeable,Isay,thatthiswordhasinourlanguagenosenseofthekind,nosensebutaratherbadanddisparagingone.Butcriticism,realcriticism,isessentiallytheexerciseofthisveryquality.

Itobeysaninstinctpromptingittotrytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,irrespectivelyofpractice,politics,andeverythingofthekind;andtovalueknowledgeandthoughtastheyapproachthisbest,withouttheintrusionofanyotherconsiderationswhatsoever.Thisisaninstinctforwhichthereis,Ithink,littleoriginalsympathyinthepracticalEnglishnature,andwhattherewasofithasundergonealongbenumbingperiodofblightandsuppressionintheepochofRomanticism.

ItisofthelastimportancethatEnglishcriticismshouldclearlydiscernwhatruleofitscourse,inordertoavailitselfofthefieldnowopeningtoit,andtoproducefruitforthefuture,itoughttotake,whichmaybesummedupinoneword—disinterestedness.Andhowiscriticismtoshowdisinterestedness?Bykeepingalooffromwhatiscalled“thepracticalviewofthings”;byresolutelyfollowingthelawofitsownnature,whichistobeafreeplayofthemindonallsubjectsittouches.Bysteadilyrefusingtolenditselftoanyofthoseconcealed,political,practicalconsiderationsaboutideas,whichplentyofpeoplewillbesuretoattachtothem,butwhichcriticismhasnothingtodowith.Itsbusinessis,asIhavesaid,simplytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,andbyinitsturnmakingthisknown,tocreateacurrentoftrueandfreshideas.Itsbusinessistodothiswithinflexiblehonesty,withdueability;butitsbusinessistodonomore.

【答案】对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣,一种愿望,为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素,不管其他什么样的补偿,一个国家的民族精神终究会由于空洞而消逝。但这种认识很难进入英国人的思想。

好奇心遵循一种本能,促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物,汲取世界上知识和思想的精华;并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰,珍视知识和思想。

至关重要的是,英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域