考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

You（

）theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.

问题1选项

A.needn’thaveinterrupted

B.needn’ttobeinterrupted

C.needn’ttointerrupt

D.needn’tinterrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards可知这里表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故空格处所填单词表示的动作已经发生了，A项表示已经发生完成的动作。故A项符合题意。句意：你本可以课后再过来告诉我那件事情，不必在上课时打断我。

2.翻译题

Astudysuggeststhelong-termsurvivalbenefitsofshoppingarebetterthangoingtothegym,becauseseeingfriendsandjustpeople-watchingcanstaveofflonelinessandimprovepsychologicalhealth.

Theresearchersfoundthosewhoshoppeddailylivedlongerthanthosewhoshoppedlessfrequently,evenaftertakingaccountsofpeople’sphysicalorotherhealthproblems.Inshoppingvenues,socializingwith,orwatchingotherscanprovidesocialandmentalbenefits.Comparedwithothertypesofleisure-timephysicalactivity,likeformalexercise,whichusuallyrequiresmotivationandsometimesprofessionalinstruction,shoppingiseasiertoundertakeandmaintain.

【答案】一项研究表明，购物比健身更有利于长寿，因为见见朋友和仅仅看看路人就可以避免孤独和改善心理健康。

研究人员发现，那些每天购物的人比那些不经常购物的人活得更长，即使在考虑了人们的身体或其他健康问题之后也是如此。在购物场所，与他人交流或看看他人可以丰富社交，带来精神上的好处。与其他类型的休闲体育活动相比，比如正式的锻炼，这通常需要动力，有时还需要专业指导，购物更容易进行和坚持下去。

3.单选题

To（

）people’shungerforadventures,theycameupwithmanyhigh-techvideogames.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.beautify

C.appease

D.nullify

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。Enhance“加强”；beautify“美化”；appease“使平息，使满足”；nullify“使无效，作废”。句意：为了满足人们对冒险的渴望，他们想出了许多高科技电子游戏。选项C符合题意。

4.翻译题

Highlysuccessfulscientistsdependonspecialtalents,likeinarts,music,andsoon.Natureproducesthemveryslowly,parsimoniously,andataconstantrate.Onehastodomorewithmorewithbothnaturalgiftsandformalextensiveacademictraining.Theirnumbercannotbeincreasedundercommand:theydevelopspontaneouslywheneverthescientifictrainingofthecommunityisadequatetoprovidethebasictrainingtheyneedwhichistodaythecaseinseveralnationsovertheworldincludingmanyofthedevelopingcountries.Thesecondelementisthe“collectivityeffect”Scientificprogressisgreatlyenhancedbyanonlineareffect.Progressismuchfasterwhenmanyanddifferenttypesofscientistsinteractcloselytogether.Thisisparticularlyactiveatthe“interface”betweendisciplines;forinstance,achemistryideaappliedtobiology.Amathematicalconceptappliedtophysics,andsoon.Inotherwords100scientistsofnottoodifferentdisciplinesoperating,sotospeak,underthesameroof,makemuchmoreandfasterprogressthanthesame100peopleworkingseparatelyandinisolation.

【答案】成就卓越的科学家的成功离不开自己在如艺术、音乐等领域的独特天赋。大自然对这些人物的造就非常缓慢，非常吝啬，而且始终如此。科学家必须更好地处理天赋与正规、全面的学校培养的关系。天才科学家的数目是不可能依照命令而增加的。只有当科学家所在的社区能够提供其所需的基础训练时，天才科学家才会自然而然地得到培养。这就是当今世界上的一些国家，包括许多发展中国家中所出现的情形。第二个原因就是所谓的“集体效应”。这种非线性的效应极大地促进了科学的进步。当许多不同类型的科学家在一起进行密切互动，科学进步的速度就会加快。这种进步在不同学科的“交叉地带”尤为活跃。例如，把化学上的某个想法施用于生物学，把数学上的某一概念施用于物理学等。换句话说，100名专业区别不大的科学家在一起合作研究所取得的进展，可以说，要比同样多的科学家在分散的、相互隔离的环境中研究取得的进展要大得多，快得多。

5.单选题

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

问题1选项

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍乐迪，作为一位伟大的爵士布鲁斯歌手，她的盛名在于能将感情融入到歌曲中。故C项正确。

6.单选题

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies-fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn—fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes’side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney,theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.”

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell’soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman’sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas“asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney.”Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes’firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn’ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.ThetypicalfeaturesofSherlockHolmeswereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily

ConanDoyle’sshortstory？

3.HowdidConanDoylefeelabouthisfirstvisittoLondon?

4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.“AScandalinBohemia”hasprovedtobe（

）atlast.

问题1选项

A.rational

B.sociable

C.intelligent

D.cunning

问题2选项

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.Itwashorrible.

B.Itwaspleasant.

C.Itwasawful.

D.Itwasmemorable.

问题4选项

A.ldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

D.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

问题5选项

A.successful

B.powerful

C.ridiculous

D.frustrating

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。rational意为“神智清楚的”；sociable意为“好交际的”；intelligent意为“聪明的，有才智的”；cunning意为“狡猾的”。根据文章第一段中“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise”可知此处是对福尔摩斯特征的描写，一位擅长演绎推理和伪装的大师，B选项没有提及，因此正确答案为B。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife....andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholic（酗酒者）whohadtobeinstitutionalized.”可知A、B、C选项都正确，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.””可知第一次的伦敦之旅给柯南•道尔留下了难忘的记忆，因此D选项“它是值得纪念的”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知柯南•道尔的第一部小说是以Dr.JosephBell为原型写的，但并没有引起人们的关注，于是又写了他一部自己抱有很大希望的历史小说，然而还是没有成功，直到1988年发表的一篇短篇小说，才使他声名鹊起，可见柯南•道尔在成功之前经历过不少挫折，故选C。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中“ConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.”可知柯南•道尔通过他的短篇小说改变了他的人生，因此可以推测这部小说是成功的，故选A。

7.单选题

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

问题1选项

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

问题2选项

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

问题4选项

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

问题5选项

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且无养料的海水中繁衍的。第二段开头开始转折，作者指出人类活动是怎样对珊瑚礁的栖息地造成破坏的，所以B选项‘解释人类活动如何对珊瑚礁群落构成威胁’为正确答案。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一个反问句表明珊瑚礁适合在低养料的清澈海水中生长。确定A选项符合题意。珊瑚礁很难在浅水滩边繁殖，所以B选项错误，排除。人类活动导致海水中的养料增加，而并非增加了海水的温度，从而破坏了珊瑚礁的栖息地，C选项错误，排除。食草动物数量的不稳定并不是珊瑚礁生长造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破坏的一种表现，D选项错误，排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型症状是食草动物种群的不稳定，以及藻类和滤食性动物数量的增加。”确定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是为了说明珊瑚礁减少的特征。A选项正确。

4.细节判断题。根据文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.农业、刀耕火种、污水处理以及制造业向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，从而增加了海水的营含量。”和“Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁对养料排入海水中发生的微妙变化很敏感，随着人口的增加，排放到海水的养料也随之増加，珊瑚礁的数量也就减少了。”可知人类排放的垃圾增加了海水的营养含量，从而威胁着珊瑚礁的生长。D选项符合题意。

5.推理判断题。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少养料的海水中生长，是因为有一种叫虫黄藻的水藻与它共生。虫黄藻能够与珊瑚礁的粪便进行光合作用，从而又为珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，尽管在食物资源极度缺乏的环境下，珊瑚礁也能够生长。所以C选项‘它们能够在食物资源有限的环境中生存’符合题意。

8.不定项选择题

ItwouldbereasonabletoassumethattheyearsfollowingtheCivilWarwereatimeofhealingandrebuilding.Andforthemostpart,thatiswhattheywere,albeitaverylongandpainfulone.WhilethehealingoftheriftbetweenNorthandSouthdidmakeprogress,allwasnotpeacefulandthedisharmonywasn’tconfinedtothepoliticalarena.Inliterarycirclestoo,theperiodwascharacterizedbyupheavalandturmoil.AliterarycivilwarofsortswasragingbetweenthecampsoftheRomanticsandRealists.Later,theNaturalistswouldjointhefrayaswell.Thiswasabattlewagedoverthewaysfictionalcharacterswerepresentedinrelationtotheirexternalworld.Thoughtheunrestmighthavebeenbetweenschoolsoffiction,ithadaveryrealbasis.Thebattlereflectedfar-reachingsocialchangethatwasplantingtheseedsofnewdiscord-aconflictthatwouldthreatentofragmentthecountry;thistimenotalonggeographicalborders,butalongclasslines.

Usingplotandcharacterdevelopment,awriterexpressedhisorherphilosophyabouthowmuchcontrolamanreallyhadoverhisowndestiny.RomanticwriterssuchasRalphWaldoEmersoncelebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.[A]OccupyingthemiddlegroundwereauthorslikeMarkTwain,WilliamDeanHowells,andHenryJames,allofwhomwereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.[B]DiametricallyopposedtotheRomanticauthorsweretheNaturalists—thelikesofStephenCraneandFrankNorris,wholineduponthesideofEmileZolaandtheDeterminismmovement.[C]Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.Itwastheirpositionthatthepathofone’slifewasdictatedwhollybyaconspiracybetweenhereditaryfactorsandtheexternalenvironment.[D]

Socio-economicchangeshadaprofoundanddecisiveinfluenceonthisdebate.TheIndustrialRevolutionthattookplaceattheendofthe19thcenturychangedtheUnitedStatesinfundamentalways.Inhugenumbers,peoplemigratedfromruralhomesseekingeconomicopportunitiesinurbanenvironments.Theplentifulsupplyoflabor,combinedwithnewmachineryandprocessesbeingdevelopedmadeconditionsripeforaneconomyfocusedonmanufacturing.Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.Atthesametime,immigrantsfromallovertheworldflowedacrossthebordersinpursuitofthesameopportunities.Insodoing,theyaddedtotheburgeoninglaborpool,drovedowncostsandhelpedtopushindustrializationforward.Uponarrivinginthecitiesandfindingwork,mostofthesemigrantsfoundthemselvesandtheirfamiliesatthemercyofunscrupulousbusinessmenwhoexploitedthemwithbrutalworkschedulesandcoercedanywhotriedtoresist,orinmanycases,anyonewhotriedtoescape.Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

Muchoftheliteraryproductoftheperiodhadadistinctlyregionalcharacter.Thistoocouldbetracedtoeconomicchanges.TheIndustrialRevolutioncalledforstandardization,themassproductionofgoods,andstreamlinedchannelsofdistribution.Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.Respondingtothesesentiments,Realistwriterssoughttocaptureandpreservethe“localcolor”beforeitwaslost.Theydrewuponthegrimrealitiesofeverydaylifeindepictingthebreakdownoftraditionalvaluesandthedeepeningplightofthenewurbanunderclass.ThisfocusontheordinarylivesofordinarypeoplewascharacteristicofAmericanRealism.Readerswereattractedtothestoriesbecausetheyweresomethingwithwhichtheycouldidentify.Americanlifewaschanging,thepacewasquickening,andreadersneededwriterswhodealtdirectlywiththeproblemstheywerefacing.InthegreatliterarystruggletheRomanticwritershadbeenrenderedirrelevant,vanquishedbychangingcircumstances.

6.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestserveasatitleforthepassage?

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialmeaningoftheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?

9.Thephraseameansoflivelihoodinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

10.Inparagraph3,theauthormostlydoeswhichofthefollowing?

11.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatmotivatedRealistauthorstogivetheirworksaregionalflavor?

12.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

13.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.TheEffectsoftheCivilWaronAmericanLiterature.

B.The19thCenturyStrugglebetweentheRealismandRomanticism.

C.RealismandtheIndustrialRevolution.

D.HowRealismPromotedSocialChangein19thCenturyAmerica.

问题2选项

A.TheNaturalists,Realists,andRomanticistshadfundamentallydifferentviewsontherolesmenplayintheirownlives.

B.ThedifferencesbetweenRomanticism,Realism,andNaturalismweremoreinthemeansofexpressionthaninthephilosophiesespoused.

C.Therewereanumberofcrucialdifferencesbetweenthe3contendingschoolsofAmericanliteratureinthelate19thcentury.

D.Whilethereweresignificantdifferences,theNaturalistsandRealistssharedsomecharacteristicsoftheRomanticists.

问题3选项

A.Thepessimismwasfinallysweptawaybyeconomicandsocialreform,andthisallowedabalancetobeformedbetweentheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

B.TheresultingtriumphoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistscanbeattributedtothebroadsocio-economicchangesthattookplaceandthefeelingsofhopelessnesstheygaveriseto.

C.ThevictoryoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistsledtodramaticsocio-economicchangeandincreasingpessimism.

D.Attheendofallthesocialandeconomicchange,theRealistsandNaturalistshadfallenoutoffavorandintodeeppessimism.

问题4选项

A.awaytosupportone’sself

B.awayoflookingatlife

C.awayofchangingone’slife

D.aplacetolive

问题5选项

A.ShowswhysocialcircumstancesfavoredRealismandNaturalism.

B.DescribesthesocialbackgroundthatledtothedominanceofRealismandNaturalism.

C.ShowswhyRomanticliteraturehadoncebeensopopular.

D.ShowswhytheRealistandNaturalistwritershaddifficultyinbeingacceptedatfirst.

问题6选项

A.Thepersonalbackgroundsoftheauthors.

B.Adesiretoprotestthechangesgoingonaroundthem.

C.Concernforthepreservationoftradition.

D.Thelimitedmarketsinwhichtheirworksweredistributed.

问题7选项

A.RealismwasanextensionofNaturalism.

B.RomanticismexperiencedasuddenresurgenceimmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWar.

C.NaturalismandRealismbothretainedpopularityinthelate19thcentury.

D.ReaderstooktoRomanticliteratureasameansofescapingthehardrealitiesoftheirlives.

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:D

【解析】6.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讨论十九世纪现实主义和浪漫主义之间的争议，作者先从两者的定义开始说明，接着用同一时期的工业发展所导致的社会变迁作为类比，最后谈到因读者的情感需求造成现实主义的流行以及浪漫主义的衰微。因此B选项“19世纪现实主义和浪漫主义之间的斗争”最适合做文章标题。A选项“内战对美国文学的影响”，本文说的是工业革命的影响，所以A错误。C选项“现实主义和工业革命”只提到了现实主义一个方面，不能完整概括文章内容，所以C错误。D选项“现实主义如何促进了19世纪美国的社会变革”，由原文可知，是工业革命先导致社会变迁，然后才有了文学相应的变化，所以D错误。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段Romanticwriters…celebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.（浪漫主义作家歌颂了他们所认为的人类意志战胜任何逆境的能力。），…wereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.（他们都受到早期欧洲现实主义作品的影响。他们相信，人们在决定自己生活的方向方面能力有限；人类的选择自由受到外部力量的限制。），Naturalists…Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.（自然主义者的作品表达了个人在发生的事情中没有选择余地的观点。），说明浪漫主义者认为人类意志足以克服逆境，而现实主义者则认为人类选择的自由受限于外在的力量，但自然主义者的观点是个人是毫无选择的，三个学派的基本信念完全不同。因此A选项“自然主义者、现实主义者和浪漫主义者对人在自己的生活中所扮演的角色有着根本不同的看法”正确。B选项“浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义之间的差异更多地体现在表达方式上，而不是所拥护的哲学”表述与原文相反，三个学派的哲学各不相同，所以B错误。C选项“19世纪末，美国文学的三个竞争流派之间存在着很多关键的差异”，由原文可知，事实上差异只有一点，即基本理念的不同，所以C错误。D选项“虽然有很大的区别，但自然主义者、现实主义者与浪漫主义者有一些共同的特点”，原文只说了他们的差异，没有说共同之处，所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.（最终，正是这些全面的经济和社会变革以及由此产生的悲观主义，改变了权力的天平，使之有利于现实主义者和自然主义者。），说明横扫全国的社会和经济的变迁以及它们所造成的悲观心态使得平衡力量倒向支持现实主义和自然主义。因此B选项“由此产生的现实主义者和自然主义者的胜利可以归因于所发生的广泛的社会经济变化以及它们所引起的无望感”正确。A选项“悲观主义最终被经济和社会改革所扫除，这使得现实主义者和自然主义者之间形成了一种平衡”，原文说的是经济和社会改革产生了悲观主义，所以A错误。C选项“现实主义者和自然主义者的胜利导致了社会经济的巨大变化和日益严重的悲观情绪”，因果关系和原文相反，所以C错误。D选项“在所有的社会和经济变革结束时，现实主义者和自然主义者已经失宠，陷入深深的悲观主义”与原文意思不符，所以D错误。

9.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“ameansoflivelihood”可以定位到文章第三段第五句Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.（有史以来第一次，有了一种替代农业和商业的谋生手段。），此处的means是“方法”的意思，而livelihood是“生计”的意思，所以ameansoflivelihood的意思是“谋生的方法”。因此A选项“一种养活自己的方法”正确。B选项“一种看待生活的方法”，C选项“一种改变生活的方法”，D选项“一个居住的地方”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

10.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段，作者在第三段先描述社会的变迁，最后说明巨大的社会和经济的变化使得平衡力量倒向支持现实主义和自然主义。因此B选项“描述了导致现实主义和自然主义占主导地位的社会背景”正确。A选项“说明为什么社会环境有利于现实主义和自然主义”，C选项“显示了为什么浪漫主义文学曾经如此受欢迎”，D选项“显示了为什么现实主义和自然主义作家一开始难以被接受”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

11.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第四句Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.（这种生产合理化所带来的生活方式的变化是深远的，人们开始担心，在不计后果地追求经济效率的过程中，当地的传统会被践踏。），说明工业革命带来的巨大变化让以往对生产制造的认知大大改变，生活方式也因此发生了剧烈的变化，人们开始担心传统价值会受到打击，所以现实主义者在作品里加入地域特色，表达对传统的关心。因此C选项“对保护传统的关注”正确。A选项“作者的个人背景”，B选项“对周围发生的变化提出抗议的愿望”，D选项“他们的作品发行的市场有限”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文开头介绍了三种不同的文学流派，然后说明工业革命所带来的社会变迁以及普通人生活的困境。现实主义作者顺应了读者的需要，以一般市民的日常生活作为写作的焦点，读者找到了认同的对象。而在同一时代，浪漫主义的作家则被视为不切实际，因而被时代所淘汰。因此C选项“自然主义和现实主义在19世纪末都保持了流行”正确。A选项“现实主义是自然主义的延伸”，B选项“浪漫主义在内战后立即经历了一次突然的复苏”在文中没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“读者把浪漫主义文学作为逃避现实生活的一种手段”与原文的意思相反，所以D错误。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.（这是一种完全悲观的观点，使人完全受环境的摆布。）是对自然主义者的观点再一次做出了总结，D处前文说的是自然主义者的观点，那么下文应该对其进行总结。因此该句放在D处最合适。

9.单选题

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

问题1选项

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词短语用法。A选项ingoodtime“及时地，适时”，B选项forthetimebeing“暂时，眼下”，C选项fromtimetotime“不时，有时，时常”，D选项timeaftertime“不断地，反复”。句意：他在展览前及时完成了绘画。因此，A选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.

问题1选项

A.mynamemustbementioned

B.mynamemustmention

C.mustmynamebementioned

D.mustmynamemention

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装结构。句意：无论如何不能向在公司工作的任何人提及我的名字。根据否定词谓语句首，确定用部分倒装，语序是否定词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语+剩余部分；根据myname和mention是被动关系，确定用被动语态。C选项mustmynamebementioned符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

M:Sinceyoudon'tlikeyourboss,whyareyoustillhangingaroundwithhim?

W:I’mnot.Iamgoingtostopfoolingaroundandquit.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

问题1选项

A.Shewillresign.

B.Shewillstopherbosshangingaround.

C.Shewillfiretheman.

D.Shecannotbutstaywiththeboss.

【答案】A

【解析】根据女士的话“我不再会这样无所事事下去，我打算辞职。”A选项的resign和题目的quit是一个意思，正确。

12.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparen