考研考博-英语-中国药科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国药科大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.不定项选择题

ApaperpublishedinNatureinJulyfoundthatEstonia(爱沙尼亚)hadoneofthehighestratesofforestlossinEurope.TherehadbeenarapidincreaseinforestharvestingacrossmanyEuropeancountries,theauthorsofthestudyfound,whichseemedbroadlylinkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts.

Worldwide,astheareacoveredbyforestshasdecreasedbymorethan440millionacressince1990,treeplantationshaveincreasedbymorethan300millionacres.Forestsareincreasinglybeingconvertedintoindustrialtreefields—andtinyEstoniahasbecomeapointedcasestudyinthisglobaltransformation.ThelossofforestscutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition.

TheEstonianCulturalAssociationlists80sacredsitesthathavebeenclearedbyindustrialloggers.Theyhavemapped1,200additionalsites,manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection,puttingthematriskofbeinglogged.Manyofthesitesareinold-growthforests,whichmakeupabout2percentofEstonia’sremainingforestcover.

Thereisdebateabouttheaccuracyofthemap;theEstonianHeritageConservationAgencyhasnotadoptedit.ButattheheartofEstonianculture,liestheideaoftheforestasanactivepresence,athinghumansdonotcreatebutrather“getoutofthewayof”.Therespectfornaturehereispowerful.

Asforeigninvestmentandlogisticalsupportpouredin,Estoniansdrivingthecountry’shighwaysbegantoseeharvestermachinesontheedgeoftheforests,pullingtreesoutlikegrass.Intheirplacehavecomeevenlyspacedrowsofpineandspruceplantedfortheglobalmarket,areplacementoftheforestwithsomethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable,asEstonianecologistAskoLohmushassaid.

9.Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.

10.TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.

11.WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?

12.Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.

问题1选项

A.reduceddeforestation

B.risingneedoftimber

C.deterioratingenvironment

D.attackingofinsects

问题2选项

A.thenationaleconomy

B.theworkingopportunities

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforces

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritage

问题3选项

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremained

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.

问题4选项

A.theyareenvironmentallyadapted

B.theyareeconomicallyefficient

C.theyrequirelesslandandwater

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiod

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】9.【选项释义】

Accordingtothestudy,forestlossinEuropeappearedtobeassociatedwith____.根据这项研究，欧洲的森林损失似乎与____有关。

A.reduceddeforestationA.减少森林砍伐

B.risingneedoftimberB.木材需求上升

C.deterioratingenvironmentC.环境恶化

D.attackingofinsectsD.昆虫的攻击

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词forestlossinEurope定位到原文第一段最后一句，该句提到“许多欧洲国家的森林采伐迅速增加，这似乎与对木材产品日益增长的需求密切相关（linkedtoagrowingdemandforwoodproducts）。”由此可知，B选项“木材需求上升”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“减少森林砍伐”，原文并未提及，根据常识判断可知，减少森林砍伐有利于保护森林，而不是造成森林损失，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“环境恶化”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“昆虫的攻击”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

10.【选项释义】

TheimpactofforestlossonEstonialiesmainlyin____.森林损失对爱沙尼亚（Estonia）的影响主要体现在____。

A.thenationaleconomyA.国民经济

B.theworkingopportunitiesB.工作机会

C.thebalanceofpoliticalforcesC.政治力量的平衡

D.thehistoricalandculturalheritageD.历史文化遗产

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词forestloss和Estonia定位到原文第二段。本段最后一句提到“森林的消失深深影响着爱沙尼亚的历史和传统（cutsdeepintoEstonianhistoryandtradition）。”由此可知，森林损失对爱沙尼亚的影响主要体现在D选项“历史文化遗产”上。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“国民经济”，原文虽然提到森林损失与木材需求上升有关，但因此认为森林损失对爱沙尼亚的影响主要体现在国民经济上，理由并不充分，该选项属于过度推理；

B选项“工作机会”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“政治力量的平衡”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

11.【选项释义】

WhydidtheEstoniaCulturalAssociationworry?爱沙尼亚文化协会为什么会担心？

A.Becausemorethanathousandsiteshavebeendestroyed.A.因为有一千多处地址被毁。

B.Becausefarlessthanonetenthoftheold-growthforestremainedB.因为保留下来的原始森林远少于十分之一。

C.Becausemostoftheforesthasnotbeenofficiallypreserved.C.因为大部分森林没有得到官方的保护。

D.Becausemanyloggerslosttheirjobsduetoforestloss.D.因为许多伐木工由于森林损失而失去了工作。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词EstoniaCulturalAssociation定位到原文第三段。本段第二句提到“他们又绘制了1200个地点，其中很多都没有正式的保护措施（manyofwhichhavenoformalprotection），使它们面临被砍伐的风险。”由此可知，大部分的森林还没有受到正式的保护，面临被砍伐的风险，C选项“因为大部分森林没有得到官方的保护”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“因为有一千多处地址被毁”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“爱沙尼亚文化协会列出了80个被工业伐木工清除的圣地。”由此可知，被毁的地址是80个，而不是一千多处，原文一千多处是他们另外绘制的一些地址，不是被毁的森林地址，该选项属于张冠李戴；

B选项“因为保留下来的原始森林远少于十分之一”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，该句提到“许多遗址位于原始森林中，这些森林大约占爱沙尼亚剩余森林覆盖面积的2%”，由此可知，原文是说，爱沙尼亚现存的原始森林，占森林覆盖面积的2%，而不是说只有2%的原始森林保留下来了，该选项属于曲解原文；

D选项“因为许多伐木工由于森林损失而失去了工作”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

12.【选项释义】

Thereasonforpinesandsprucesbeingplantedisthat____.种植松树和云杉的原因是____。

A.theyareenvironmentallyadaptedA.它们能适应环境

B.theyareeconomicallyefficientB.它们有经济效益

C.theyrequirelesslandandwaterC.它们需要更少的土地和水

D.theyhaveshortergrowingperiodD.它们生长周期更短

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词pinesandspruces定位到原文最后一段。本段最后一句提到“爱沙尼亚生态学家AskoLohmus说，取而代之的是为全球市场种植的一排排均匀分布的松树和云杉，是更简单、更有利可图的森林（somethingfarsimplerandmoreprofitable）。”由此可知，种植松树和云杉主要是为了谋取更多的经济利益，B选项“它们有经济效益”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们能适应环境”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是更能适应环境，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“它们需要更少的土地和水”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是因为它们需要更少的土地和水，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“它们生长周期更短”，原文虽然提到了它们更简单，但是无从得知是否是因为它们生长周期更短，该选项属于无中生有。

2.单选题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

问题1选项

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

问题2选项

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

问题3选项

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

问题4选项

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

问题5选项

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.绝大多数美国民众认为移民是有害的。然而，大多数经济学家的共识是，无论是合法的还是非法的移民，都对经济有小小的促进作用。”可知公众与经济学家就移民是好还是坏有不同的看法。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉价的劳动力，降低了从农产品到新住房等一切商品的价格，让消费者口袋里多了一些钱。”可知移民给普通美国人带来的好处是：降低了物价，使他们手中能有多一些钱。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题.由题干关键词“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒数一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在与外国劳工的竞争中受害最深。根据哈佛大学经济学家GeorgeBorjas的一项研究，从1980年到2000年，移民使美国高中辍学生的工资下降了9%。”可知C项“他们很难找到一份薪水体面的工作”正确。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.换句话说，他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。”可知D项“它会给国家预算带来很大压力”正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有讽刺意味的是，尽管所有的争论都过于激烈，移民的净影响却微乎其微。即使对那些受影响最严重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影响也不那么显著。”可知C项“人们对影响不大的事情大惊小怪”正确，即人们对于移民的影响过于大惊小怪。

3.单选题

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）_doctoratebytheuniversity.

问题1选项

A.honorary

B.honorable

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。honorary“荣誉的”；honorable“可敬的”；honored“受尊敬的”；honorific“表示敬意的”。句意：这位著名的发明家被这个大学授予了荣誉的博士学位。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Maryisfinegirleventhoughshe'ssometimesabruptinmanner.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.brusque

C.shrew

D.irritable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：玛丽是个好女孩，虽然她有时举止粗鲁。abrupt意为“生硬的，唐突的，粗鲁的。Devious偏僻的，弯曲的；brusque唐突的，直率的，无礼的；shrew泼妇，悍妇；irritable急躁的，易怒的。选项B与之意思最为相近。

5.单选题

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

问题2选项

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

问题3选项

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

问题4选项

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？题干问的是根据这篇文章，除了哪一项外，下面的每一个都是拉格泰姆作品的一个特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不关心音乐主题的发展，而是完整地、完整地设定一个主题，并把它与各种相关的主题联系起来。拉格泰姆乐曲的张力来自于两种基本元素之间的对立:钢琴师左手弹连续低音(爵士音乐家称之为“boom-chickbass”)和右手弹有旋律的切分低音。可知D项“音乐主题的全面发展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特点，故D项正确。A项“切分音”和B项“与旋律线不同的低音线”，C项“旋律强度不断上升”这段均有提及。

2.判断推理题。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有时有人指责拉格泰姆是机械的。例如，威尔弗雷德•米勒斯评论道，“拉格泰姆被转移到自动钢琴上，即使不是机器演奏，也应该像机器演奏一样具有细致的精确度。”然而，我们没有理由仅仅因为商业制造者对拉格泰姆音乐使用了机械录音的方法（这是当时记录钢琴演奏的唯一方法）就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的。拉格泰姆音乐不是机械的精度，也不局限于精度的表现风格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一种定义明确的形式，并在该形式中遵循简单的规则。可知C项“混淆了录音的手段和音乐的本质特征”正确。D项“夸大了专业的拉格泰姆音乐演奏者表演风格对这种音乐流派的影响”，A项“错误地将商业拉格泰姆音乐与更微妙的古典拉格泰姆风格区分开来”；B项“没有准确地描述拉格泰姆钢琴音乐的声音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判断推理题。题干问：从文中可推断出拉格泰姆音乐的本质被基于什么基础上的评论所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，没有理由仅仅因为商业制造商对拉格泰姆使用了一种机械录音方法，就认为拉格泰姆本身就是机械的，这是当时唯一一种录制钢琴的方法。”可知由于拉格泰姆用了一种机械录音法，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。题干问：下列哪一项在来源和艺术特征上与文中描述的拉格泰姆乐曲最为相似?A项“从复杂的爵士主题中衍生出来的交响乐。”；B项“一部以著名卡通人物为原型的实验性小说”；C项“演员们创造场景并即兴创作台词的一种戏剧作品”；D项“以民间舞蹈为基础的有纪律的舞蹈编排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆结构的目的是要以阶梯状的方式从一个主题上升到另一个主题······与最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.从这个意义上说，拉格泰姆音乐更像是十九世纪的民间音乐，而不是爵士乐。由此对应可推知有“folk-dancesteps民间舞蹈步伐”的D项正确。

6.单选题

Itisacommonthemeinmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe（）byinsects.

问题1选项

A.brokenin

B.runover

C.takenover

D.filledin

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项breakin“打断，闯入”，B项runover“碾过，匆匆看”，C项takeover“接管，接收”，D项fillin“填写，填充”。根据句子意思“这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫（）”，把四个选项分别代入，只有C项最符合句意。句意：这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫占领。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_____一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Nowadaysalargenumberofpeoplebuy______Christmastreesinsteadofrealones.

问题1选项

A.false

B.fake

C.sham

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项false“错误的”，指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指伪装的；B选项fake“假的”，指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品；C选项sham“假装的”，指可以以假乱真的东西；D选项artificial“仿造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西。句意：现在很多人买人造圣诞树而不是真的圣诞树。本句表示人造的圣诞树。因此D选项正确。

9.翻译题

1.Themanwhoselifeiscenteredaroundproducing,sellingandconsumingcommoditiestransformshimselfintoacommodity.Hebecomesincreasinglyattractedtothatwhichisman-madeandmechanical,ratherthantothatwhichisnaturalandorganic.Manymentodayaremoreinterestedinsportscarsthaninwomen;ortheyexperiencewomenasacarwhichonecancausetoracebypushingtherightbutton.2.Altogethertheyexpecthappinessisamatteroffindingtherightbutton,nottheresultofaproductive,richlife,alifewhichrequiresmakinganeffortandtakingrisks.Intheirsearchforthebutton,somegotothepsychoanalyst,somegotochurchandsomeread“self-help”books.Butwhileitisimpossibletofindthebuttonforhappiness,themajorityaresatisfiedwithpushingthebuttonsofcameras,radios,televisionsets,andwatchingsciencefictionbecomingreality.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsoftheirapproachtolifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons?Apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof.3.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventthemfromfeelinganxietyaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

AmIsuggestingthatmodernmanisdoomedandthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenthcentury“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.4.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandthefulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.以生产、销售、消费商品为中心的男人把自己也转化为一种商品了。他对人造的、机械的东西越来越感兴趣，对天然的、有机的东西却无动于衷。如今，许多男人对跑车的痴迷超过了对女人的痴迷，或者把女人当作只要按对按钮就会奔驰的汽车。

2.总而言之，他们认为幸福是个找对按钮的问题，而不是源自硕果累累、丰富多彩、需要付出努力和承担风险的生活。在寻找按钮的过程中，有些人去找心理分析学家；有些人去做礼拜；还有一些人去读“自助”书籍。不过他们虽然找不到赐予幸福的按钮，但大多数人满足于按收音机、电视机和照相机的按钮，满足于看着科幻小说变成现实。

3.我认为，可以这样解释：他们非常担心会遭遇个人的失败并蒙受羞辱。由于他们对个人问题感到忧虑，这就妨碍他们对所有的人和所有的东西可能会遭到毁灭感到忧虑。也许彻底的毁灭比十分的不安和个人永无休止的忧虑更有吸引力。

4.想通过倒退到人们已经走过的阶段来解决问题是永远行不通的。我建议改造我们的社会制度，将其从一个官僚机构管理下的工业化社会体制转化为一个人本主义的工业化社会体制。在前一种体制中，最高产量和最高消费为主要目的；在后一种体制中，一切社会活动的目的都是为了人，为了使人的各种潜力——爱的潜力和运用理性的潜力——获得充分的发展。

10.单选题

Inthe19thcenturyitwascommontohearpeopleinEuropeandAmericasaythattheresourcesoftheseawereunlimited.Forexample,a（1）biologistwritinginthemid1800scommentedthatallofthegreatseafisheriesare（2）.Todaythere'sevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedas（3）ofthelandandtheairandtheconcernofconservationistsnowincludesherringandcod（4）theAfricanelephant,theIndiantigerandtheAmericaneagle.（5）,thethreattofishismorealarminginsomewaysthanthethreattobirdsandlandanimalsbecausefishareamuch-neededfoodresource.Manypeoplethroughouttheworlddependonfishasanimportantpartoftheirdietsanda（6）inthefishsupplycouldhave（7）effects（8）hungerandpopulation.FishermenintheN.Atlanticaloneannually（9）20billionpoundsoffish（10）fooddemands.Butitisimportanttorecognizethatthesepracticescannotcontinuewithoutdepletingfishresourceswithinthenextfewyears.

问题1选项

A.noteworthy

B.noted

C.noticeable

D.notifying

问题2选项

A.inexhaustible

B.inexhausted

C.exhaustible

D.exhausted

问题3选项

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.those

问题4选项

A.butalso

B.and

C.aswellas

D.with

问题5选项

A.Furthermore

B.Nevertheless

C.More

D.However

问题6选项

A.increase

B.decline

C.decree

D.increment

问题7选项

A.expositive

B.expansive

C.extensive

D.excessive

问题8选项

A.to

B.on

C.for

D.in

问题9选项

A.harvest

B.buy

C.ask

D.raise

问题10选项

A.toinsure

B.tosatisfy

C.toignore

D.tocomplete

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】（1）形近词辨析。noteworthy显著的；noted著名的；noticeable显而易见的,明显的；notifying为名词,意为通知。根据原文可知,这里修饰人,只有选项B正确。

（2）inexhaustible无穷无尽的；inexhausted未用尽的；exhaustible用尽的；exhausted耗尽的。上文提到海洋的资源是无尽的,这里是举例说明,所以选项A符合原文。

（3）根据原文句意可知,此处缺少land的宾语。those指代上句提到的resources。这里是把海洋,陆地和空中的资源进行对比。所以选项D符合语境。

（4）herring,cod和后面的Africanelephant等属于并列关系,所以选项C符合句意。

（5）上一句提到了“threat”,这一句依然讲的是“threat”,所以这里是递进关系,选项A符合语境。

（6）根据定冠词a可首先排除选项A和D；根据句意可知是供应减少,所以选项B正确。

（7）extensiveeffects为常用的搭配,意为广泛的影响,所以选项C正确。

（8）对...产生影响用介词on,所以选项B正确。

（9）根据句意可知,这里指收获200亿磅的鱼,选项A符合句意。

（10）satisfydemands为常用搭配,意为“满足需求”。选项B正确。

11.单选题

It’sapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave（

）weather.

问题1选项

A.sofine

B.suchfine

C.suchafine

D.sofinea

【答案】B

【解析】考查so与such的用法。weather是不可数名词，such+adj.+不可数名词，所以选项B符合题意。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

12.单选题

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunct