考研考博-英语-华东交通大学理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华东交通大学理工学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thepilotmadealast（frantic）distresscallbeforehebailedout.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.desperate

C.routine

D.futile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的”；B选项desperate“绝望的”；C选项routine“常规的”；D选项futile“无效的”。句意：飞行员在跳伞前发出了最后一个绝望的求救信号。划线部分frantic是绝望的意思。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

________theendofthewhalingindustrycamehardtimesforseaportslikeNewBedfordandNantucket.

问题1选项

A.With

B.Wasit

C.That

D.Moreover

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：（）捕鲸业的终结，像新贝德福和南塔开特这样的港口迎来了艰难的时刻。withtheendof是固定搭配。因为这里是介词短语提前，所以主句用了完全倒装。选B选项会造成句子有两套主谓结构，不符合语法。C选项“那个”，D选项“此外”不符合句意。

3.单选题

Apersonwhois______isslowtoadapttoanewwayoflife.

问题1选项

A.nonchalant

B.intractable

C.rabid

D.insolent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.nonchalant若无其事的；冷静的B.intractable很难对付（或处理）的

C.rabid极端的；疯狂的D.insolent粗野的；无礼的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息slowtoadapttoanewwayoflife（很难适应新的生活方式）可知，这个人是一个比较固执的人，只有B项词义与之符合。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】一个顽固的人很难适应新的生活方式。

4.填空题

Inthe8thcenturygigakufellintodisfavorbecauseitsfrivolous(愚蠢的)character________theJapaneserulersoftheperiod.(please)

【答案】displeased

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】because引导原因状语从句，横线处为谓语动词。根据时间8thcentury，可知句子时态为一般过去时。这里指的是伎乐愚蠢可笑的特点让统治者______，因此伎乐不受欢迎，displease的意思为“使恼怒，使生气，使不悦”，符合语境，其过去式为displeased。

【句意】在8世纪，伎乐因其愚蠢可笑的特点，当时的日本统治者听了不悦，因此不受欢迎。

5.单选题

Idon’tthinkitis（）toreconstructthedestroyedforestecosysteminafewyears.

问题1选项

A.plausible

B.notable

C.considerable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的。句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.

问题1选项

A.reveal

B.haverevealed

C.berevealed

D.havebeenrevealed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态和语态。句意：结果本应在昨天公布，但我们什么也没有听说。wereto表示过去将来时，根据reveal的动作按照计划在昨天就应该被完成，确定用完成的状态和被动语态，D选项havebeenrevealed符合题意。A选项reveal是动词原形，B选项haverevealed只表示完成，C选项berevealed只表示被动。因此D选项正确。

7.翻译题

TheRealReasonMattDamonWasBroughtintoSaveAncientChina"Now,whataboutthatmovieabouttheGreatWallofChinastarringeveryone’sfavoriteChineseactorMattDamon?"

1.Itwasjustoneofaslewofcommentsonsocialmediainthepastfewweekslampooningahugeactionmoviethatisscheduledtohittheatersearlyin2017.“TheGreatWall”,aco-productionbetweenChinaandHollywood,isthemostexpensivefilmevershotentirelyinChina,costingmorethan$150million.ThemoviefeaturesMattDamon,WillemDafoeandaslateofpopularChineseactorsusingtheGreatWalltodefendhumanityfromamonsterattack.

Butsincethefilm’strailerwasreleased,journalistsandcommentatorsonsocialmediahavecriticizeditfor"whitewashing"—replacingrolesthatcouldorshouldbecastwithactorsofcolorwithwhiteactors.WhatisMattDamondoingsavingancientChina,anyway?Couldn’ttheChinesehandlethatonthemselves?

2.Thecriticsdefinitelyhaveapoint—thefilmindustryhasalongaridtroublinghistoryofminimizingactorsofcolors.Someintheindustryboycottedthe2016Oscars,afteronlywhiteactorsandactresseswerechosenforthetopfourcategoriesforthesecondyearinarow.Andmoviesincluding.“Dr.Strange”,“GhostintheShell"and“Aloha”haveallrecentlybeencriticizedforcastingwhiteactressesinoriginallyAsianroles,justthelatestepisodeinalonghistoryofwhitewashinginHollywood.

Yet,there’salsoanironythatmanyhavemissed.DespiteDamon’sprominentappearance,thenutsandboltsof"TheGreatWall”aremoreChinesethanperhapsanymajorco-productionbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinahasbeenbefore.WithinChina,themovieisbeinghailedasthefirstofitskindtobemadebyamajorChinesedirector,backedbyChinese-ownedHollywoodstudioandfeaturingChinesehistoricalthemes.Andifsuccessful,itcouldmarkastepforwardfortheinfluenceoftheChinesefilmindustryaroundtheworld.

"TheGreatWallisdefinitelyamongthebiggestbudgetco-productions,andit’sthefirstverylargebudgetoneinwhichthereisamajorChinesecreativeforcebehindit,”saysAnneKokas,asassistantprofessorofmediastudiesattheUniversityofVirginiaandtheauthoroftheforthcomingbook,“HollywoodmadeinChina.”“That’spartofthestorythat'sgettingleftout.”

3.Inrecentyears,Hollywoodhasbegunavidlycourtingmovie-goersinChina,theworld’sseconds-largestmarketthatcouldsurpasstheUnitedStatestobecomethelargestnextyear.TheChinesefilmindustryisalsoeagertodevelopfilmsthatappealtoitsownaudiencesthatcanalsosucceedoutsideitsborders.CreatingafilmthatcapturesaudiencesinbothChinaandtheUnitedStateshasbeenaHollyGrailfortheglobalfilmthisyear,thefirsttimeamajorAmericanproductioncompanyhascomeunderChineseControl.

ThefilmwaswrittenbyHollywoodscreenwriters,anditfeaturesWesternstarsDamon,DafoeandPedroPascal,apparentlyinabidtoattractaudiencesoutsideChina'sborders.ThereisanotherlessrecognizedwayinwhichtheheroismofDamon'scharacter,aEuropeanmercenary,whoultimatelyhelpstosaveChina,couldbeseenasproblematic.

4.DirectorZhangYimouspokeouttodefend"TheGreatWall”againstchargesofwhitewashinglatelastweek.“Inmanyways'TheGreatWall’istheoppositeofwhatisbeingsuggested.Forthefirsttime,afilmdeeplyrootedinChineseculture,withoneofthelargestChinesecastseverassembled,isbeingmadeattentpolescaleforaworldaudience.”Headded,"MattDamonisnotplayingarolethatwasoriginallyconceivedforaChineseactor."

Othershavepointedtoanobviousprofitmotiveinthechoice,sayingthatDamon'spresenceinthefilmislikelytobringinviewersaroundtheworldwhowouldn’tordinarilywatchafilmsetinancientChina.Inaddition,thestrategyofputtingawhiteHollywoodactoratthehelmofamovietobroadenitsreachcanfailtoo,asConstanceWupointedout.That'strueforChinesefilmsaswell:ChinesestudioshavepaidmillionsofdollarstostarsincludingChristianBale,AdrienBrodyandJohnCusacktoappearinmostlyChinesefilmsthatultimatelyhadlittlesuccessinWesternmarkets.

5.InsideChina,theconversationsurroundingthefilmhasbeenverydifferent.MostChinesehavecheeredit,seeingZhangYimou’sinabig-budgetHollywoodfilmandtheprominenceoftheGreatWallasforcesthatcouldadvanceChina’sculturalinfluenceabroad.AndnowwhatLegendaryEntertainmentisownedbyChinesecompanyDalianWanda,thoseintheindustryarewatchingeagerlytoseewhetherChina’sinfluenceinHollywoodandtheglobalfilmmarketwillgrow.

If“TheGreatWall”isaboxofficefit,itcouldserveasamodelforfutureChina-U.S.co-production.Ifitflops,itwilllikelyleavetheindustryfurtherconfusedabouthowtocreatefilmthatappealstobothChineseandinternationalaudiences-andwhethersuchataskcanreliablybedone.

【答案】1.【参考译文】这只是过去几周在社交媒体上对一部定于2017年初上映的大型动作电影进行嘲讽的众多评论之一。由中国和好莱坞联合制作的《长城》是有史以来完全在中国拍摄的最昂贵的电影，耗资超过1.5亿美元。

2.【参考译文】影评人有自己的道理——电影业有一个长期令人不安的惯例，那就是一直在减少演员的肤色。一些业内人士抵制了2016年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼，因为只有白人男女演员连续两年进入前四名。

3.【参考译文】近年来，好莱坞已经开始在中国热切地吸引电影观众。中国是世界第二大市场，明年可能会超过美国成为最大的市场。中国电影业也渴望开发出既能吸引本国观众，又能在海外取得成功的电影。

4.【参考译文】上周晚些时候，导演张艺谋直言不讳地为《长城》辩护，驳斥了“粉饰”的指控。“从很多方面来讲，《长城》与人们的想法正好相反。一部拥有有史以来最大规模的中国演员阵容并且深深植根于中国文化的电影，正以大片的制作标准面向全球观众，这还是第一次。”

5.【参考译文】在中国国内，围绕这部电影的讨论非常不同。大多数中国人为之欢呼，他们将张艺谋在好莱坞大制作电影中的表现以及《长城》的突出地位都视为可能提升中国文化在海外影响的力量。

8.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsonthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman

问题2选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore

问题3选项

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.

问题4选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorrect?1.下列哪项不正确？

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.A.作家不习惯讨价还价。

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.B.亚洲人买东西总是讲价。

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.C.在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的。

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.D.作家准备和那女人讨价还价。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后三句“我决定买一条这样的裙子，就开始和她讲价。讨价还价是亚洲的习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是用柔和的声音和轻松的动作进行的，是一种平静和平和的气氛。”，可知，作者决定和卖家进行讨价还价，而A项“作家不习惯讨价还价”不符合原文，文中也并未提及作者不习惯讲价，所以该项错误，但符合题意。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“亚洲人买东西总是讲价”，C项“在老挝，讨价还价是安静而和平的”和D项“作家准备和那女人讨价还价”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman______.2.作者认为，这名女子接受最后一个报价的主要原因是______。

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonableA.认为最后的报价是合理的

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoneyB.以为她还能赚很多钱

C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargainingC.很高兴作者知道她们讨价还价的方式

D.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymoreD.厌倦了和作者讨价还价

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第六段第四句“她太高兴了，以至于出乎意料地接受了我最后的报价”，结合前面两句“我能用她的语言说几句话，她很高兴，尽管这些话大多是数字，她还看出我懂得讨价还价时那种温柔的戏谑。我们对价格意见不一而摇摇头；然后，我们立即又提出了另一个报价，然后又摇了摇头。”，综合理解可推断，这个女人感到高兴是因为作者知道怎么用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价，故C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“认为最后的报价是合理的”和B项“以为她还能赚很多钱”，根据第六段第七句“她太慷慨了，赚不到足够的钱”可知，这两项是可以排除的，属于反向干扰；

D项“厌倦了和作者讨价还价”，第六段提到这个女人很高兴，所以不可能是厌倦，该项反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?3.为什么作者最后决定买三条裙子？

A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.A.这些裙子既便宜又漂亮。

B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.B.她喜欢裙子上的图案。

C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.C.她想做点什么作为补偿。

D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.D.她厌倦了和那个女人讨价还价。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第六段中的“价格太低了。她太慷慨了，赚不到足够的钱。我赶紧又拿起两条裙子，按规定的价格把三件都付了。”，从中可知，作者觉得价格太低，怕女人挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“这些裙子既便宜又漂亮”，文中没有提到裙子很便宜，属于无中生有；

B项“她喜欢裙子上的图案”，这是作者决定买第一条裙子的原因，该项张冠李戴；

D项“她厌倦了和那个女人讨价还价”没有体现，无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?4.为什么当作者再次看她的裙子时，她最后哭了？

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.A.她突然感到很难过。

B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.B.她很喜欢这些发带。

C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.C.她非常感动。

D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.D.她为那个女人感到难过。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“对慷慨的精神是无法抵挡的，这次我哭了……”，以及倒数第二段提到作者惊奇地发现女人送了五条发带给她，结合文章第四段，作者跟女人说女人的发带很好看，综合理解可知，作者哭是因为感动。C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“她突然感到很难过”和D项“她为那个女人感到难过”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；

B项“她很喜欢这些发带”并不是作者哭的原因，张冠李戴。

9.单选题

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

问题1选项

A.unrecording

B.tohavebeenunrecorded

C.unrecorded

D.tobeunrecorded

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些调查表明，许多犯罪没有被警方记录下来，主要是因为并非所有的受害者都会报案。manycrimesgo______bythepolice是indicate的宾语从句，manycrimes是主语，go是系动词，横线部分是表语；根据by可知横线部分有被动含义，C选项unrecorded符合题意。A选项unrecording没有被动含义；B选项tohavebeenunrecorded和D选项tobeunrecorded用法错误。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

问题1选项

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

IttookMikecourageand（）tolearntolivewithahandicapafterhewasinjuredinacaraccident.

问题1选项

A.endurance

B.tolerance

C.continuation

D.insistence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项endurance“忍耐力;耐久力;”；B选项tolerance“忍受;容忍”；C选项continuation“继续;连续”；D选项insistence“坚决要求;坚持;固执”。句意：迈克在车祸中受伤后，他花了很大的勇气和耐力才学会在残疾的情况下生活。根据关键词“迈克在车祸中受伤后”可知A符合句意。

12.单选题

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（栖息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼泽地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（实施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

问题1选项

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

问题2选项

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

问题3选项

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

问题4选项

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

问题5选项

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知灭绝速度加快的原因是人类人口的增长和科学技术对自然生态系统的侵犯。选项C符合题意。

2.语义题。根据第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知环境变成了碎片，剩下的动物聚集在更小的区域里，下文的smallislands就是指这些区域。根据“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在这个小区域里的物种与其他同类中种群失去了联系。所以是孤立的。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。考查对物种灭绝的原因的理解。根据文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物种灭绝是进化中的一个正常过程，选项A可排除。根据第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，栖息地的破坏也是物种灭绝的原因，选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商业买卖和杀害也是原因，选项C可排除。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效发挥作用的关键在于人们和法院的实施和支持，所以相关法律需要在人们的支持下制定和实施是最重要的。选项C符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”，可知作者认为尽管有法律保护，许多物种的未来仍然尚存疑问。所以作者是担忧的态度。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

问题1选项

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻碍的,妨碍的;colossal巨大的,庞大的;blemish污点,缺点,瑕疵；impeccable没有缺点的，无瑕疵的。句意：女性曾经要求男性具备无可挑剔的社交能力，但现在她们关注的是“他的价值观，他是否热爱家庭”。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”

“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.

“Tookthechair.”

Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?

3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.

4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

问题1选项

A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

问题2选项

A.Serious

B.Critical

C.Joking

D.Satirical

问题3选项

A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustified

B.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgrace

C.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntaste

D.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents

问题4选项

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

问题5选项

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”对男性来说,妇女解放带来的一个好处就是男人不用遵守尊重妇女的旧式礼节了。由此可知,在妇女解放过程中,男性也得到了解放,所以选项B符合原文。

2.从作者的叙述方式看,作者在讨论举止风度以及妇女解放问题时带有调侃语气。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者说,他拒绝用一些过时的礼节来麻烦女士(事实上对女性表示礼貌恭维谈不上是“麻烦”),而且之所以这样,是出于一种尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者将自己看作是那些具有“天然风度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所谓“天然”,却是一切顺其自然,不受社会礼仪规范所约束。由此可以确定选项C为正确答案。

3.根据关键词“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark认为当一名男性和一名女性被带到餐桌子前,服务员拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的应该是女性。说明AnnClark比较赞同传统的社会行为规则,而作者的做法恰好与其相反,他喜欢顺着自己的意愿。所以选项C符合原文。

4.根据原文内容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因为那个正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到达的,这是作者的一种习惯。所以作者的妻子认为作者不应该按照自己的习惯坐在那把椅子上,所以选项C正确。

5.根据原文最后一段内容可知,作者比女性先上车的原因,首先这是他的一个习惯,其次是出于礼貌,爱和尊重,以及保护女性的安全避免受到潜在的袭击。只有选项D不正确。

15.单选题

TheAustrianmanufacturingindustryconsistsofafewlargeorganizations,manyofwhichoperateundergovernmentauspices.

问题1选项

A.supervisions

B.orientations

C.regulation

D.sponsorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。auspice“赞助，主办”；A选项supervision“监督，管理”；B选项orientation“方向；适应；向东方”；C选项regulation“管理；规则；校准”；D选项sponsorship“赞助；发起”。句意：奥地利的制造业由几个大型组织组成，其中许多是在政府的支持下运作的。auspice本身有“赞助”的意思，因此D选项正确。

16.填空题

Someone（1）justgivenmeatypewriter.Doyouthinkyoucould（2）metotype?

句意:有人刚给了我台打字机，你认为你可以教我打字不？

【答案】1.has

2.teach

【解析】1.语法题。考查现在完成时。句意:有人刚给了我台打字机。由just和过去分词given知时态为现在完成时态（have/has+过去分词），主语是someone,因此用has。

2.固定搭配。teachsbtodosth.教某人做某事

17.单选题

Isentinvitationsto80people,（）havereplied.

问题1选项

A.ofwhomonly20ofthem

B.only20ofthemwho

C.ofwhomonly20

D.only20who

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,

其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,

在这里指80人中的20人,whom指代80

人。选项A重复,

选项C表述正确。

18.单选题

Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;plucksatoursleevesontheescalator;signalstousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandlashesmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Ithasforcedonusawholenewconcepti