大学英语六级阅读冲刺练习

大学英语六级阅读冲刺练习大学英语六级阅读冲刺练习大学英语六级阅读冲刺练习精选文档Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasincomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit;brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto___.A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin___.A.pleasingtheghostsB.attractingsupernaturalpowersC.attractingtheghostsD.creatingasandpaintingThe“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause___.A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesandB.ithaspharmaceuticalvalueC.itdecoratesthepatientD.noneoftheabove.精选文档Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?A.PaintB.BeachsandC.CrushedsandstoneD.FlourWhichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearchB.TheNavahoIndians’SandpaintingC.TheProcessofSandpaintingCreationD.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistoryFederalReserveSystem,centralbankingsystemoftheUnitedStates,popularlycalledtheFed.Acentralbankservesasthebankertoboththebankingcommunityandthegovernment;italsoissuesthenationalcurrency,conductsmonetarypolicy,andplaysamajorroleinthesupervisionandregulationofbanksandbankholdingcompanies.IntheU.S.thesefunctionaretheresponsibilitiesofkeyofficialsoftheFederalReserveSystem:theBoardofGovernors,locatedinWashington,D.C.,andthetopofficersof12districtFederalReservebanks,locatedthroughoutthenation.TheFed’sactions,describedbelow,generallyhaveasignificanteffectonU.S.interestratesand,subsequently,onstock,bond,andotherfinancialmarkets.TheFederalReserve’sbasicpowersareconcentratedintheBoardofGovernors,whichisparamountinallpolicyissuesconcerningbankregulationandsupervisionandinmostaspectsofmonetarycontrol.TheboardenunciatestheFed’spoliciesonbothmonetaryandbankingmatter.Becausetheboardisnotanoperatingagency,mostoftheday-todayimplementationofpolicydecisionsislefttothedistrictFederalReservebanks,stockinwhichisownedbythecommercialbanksthataremembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.Ownershipinthisinstance,however,doesnotimplycontrol;theBoardofGovernorsandtheheadsoftheReservebanksorienttheirpoliciestothepublicinterestratherthantothebenefitoftheprivatebankingsystem.TheU.S.bankingsystem’sregulatoryapparatusiscomplex;theauthorityoftheFederalReserveissharedinsomeinstancesforexample,inmergersortheexaminationofbankswithotherFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(FDIC).Inthecriticalareaofregulatingthenation’smoneysupplyinaccordancewithnationaleconomicgoals,however,theFederalReserveisindependentwithinthegovernment,IncomeandexpendituresoftheFederalReservebanksandoftheboardofgovernorsarenotsubjecttothecongressionalappropriationprocess;theFederalReserveisself-financing.Itsincome($20.2billionin1992)comesmainlyfromReservebankholdingsofincome-earningsecurities,primarilythoseoftheU.S.government.Outlays($1.5billionin1992)aremostlyforoperationalexpensesinprovidingservicestothegovernmentandforexpendituresconnectedwithregulationandmonetarypolicy.In1992theFederalReservereturned416.8billioninearningstotheU.S.treasury..精选文档TheFedoftheUnitedStates___.A.functionasChinaBankB.isthecounterpartofPeople’sBankofChinaC.issubjectedtothebankingcommunityandgovernmentD.has13topofficerswhocaninfluencetheAmericanfinancialmarketThefactthatstockintheFedbelongstocommercialbanks___.A.doesn’tmeanthelatterisincontrolB.meansthelatterisincontrolC.meansthelatterissubjectedtotheReservebanksD.meanstheReservebanksorientthelatter’spolicies3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thefedisaverybig,complexandsignificantsystemwhichcomprisesmanylocalbanks.B.AllthecommercialbanksarenotthecomponentsofFederalReserveSystem.C.Boardofgovernorsisthesupremepolicy-makersofAmerica.D.DistrictReservebanksratherthanBoardofgovernorsperformtheday-to-daypolicies.TheauthorityofthefederalReserve___.A.hastobesharedwithotherestablishments.B.isexclusiveatothertimesC.isn’tlimitedbycomptrolleroftheCurrencyandFDICD.islimitedbyBoardofgovernorsIncomeoftheBoardofgovernors___.A.isborrowedfromtheU.S.treasuryB.isusedbythegovernmenttomakevariouspoliciesC.comesfromtheU.S.TreasuryD.isnotgrantedbythegovernmentThewordreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligio,whichdenotesbothearnestobservanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusage,religioncoversawidespectrumofmeaningthatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbeinterpreted.Atoneextreme,manycommittedbelieversrecognizeonlytheirowntraditionasareligion,understandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertoreferexclusivelytothepracticesoftheirtradition.Althoughmanybelieversstopshortofclaiminganexclusivestatusfortheirtradition,theymayneverthelessusevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligionforexample,trueloveofGod,orthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextreme,religionmaybeequatedwithignorance,fanaticism,orwishfulthinking.Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualreality,itispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmakingclaimsaboutwhatitreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasingle,fixedmeaning,orevenazonewithclearboundaries.Itisanaspectofhumanexperiencethatmayintersect,incorporate,ortranscendotheraspectsoflife.精选文档andsociety.SuchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksoflimitingtheinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategoriessuchasmonotheism(beliefinonegodonly)ortochurchstructure,whicharenotuniversal.Forexample,intribalsocieties,religionunliketheChristianchurchusuallyisnotaseparateinstitutionbutpervadesthewholeofpublicandprivatelife.InBuddhism,godsarenotascentralastheideaofaBuddha.Inmanytraditionalcultures,theideaofasacredcosmicorderisthemostprominentreligiousbelief.Becauseofthisvariety,somescholarsprefertouseageneraltermsuchasthesacredtodesignatethecommonfoundationofreligiouslife.Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbereducedtoanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoofgroupdynamics.Religionincludespatternsofbehaviorbutalsopatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesahighlyorganizedinstitutionthatsetsitselfapartfromaculture,anditissometimesanintegralpartofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressedinvisualsymbols,danceandperformance,elaboratephilosophicalsystems,legendaryandimaginativestories,formalceremonies,anddetailedrulesofethicalconductandlaw.Eachoftheseelementsassumesinnumerableculturalforms.Insomewaysthereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumanculturalenvironments.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedabout?A.Religionhasavarietyofinterpretation.B.Religionisareflectionofignorance.C.ReligionisnotonlyconfinedtotheChristiancategories.D.Religionincludesallkindsofactivities.Whatdoestheword“observance”probablyconveyinPara.1?A.noticeB.watchingC.conformityD.experienceAccordingtothepassagewhatpeoplegenerallyconsiderreligiontobe?A.FantasticobservanceB.SpiritualpracticeC.IndividualobservanceoftraditionD.AcomplexofactivitiesWhichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Itisbelievedbysomethatreligionshouldbewhatitoughttobe.B.“Thepathofenlightenment”isadefinitionthattheauthordoesn’tagreeto.C.Accordingtotheauthor,thecommittedbelieversdefinereligionimproperly.D.Theauthordoesn’tspeakinfavorofthedefinitionof“thesacred”.Whichofthefollowingisreligionaccordingtothepassage?A.Performanceofhumanbeings.B.Buddha,monotheismandsometribaltradition.C.Practiceseparatedfromculture..精选文档D.Alltheabove.Itbeingnotonlypossiblebuteveneasytopredictwhichten-year-oldboysareatgreatestriskofgrowinguptobepersistentoffenders,whatarewedoingwiththeinformation?JustaboutthelastthingthatweshoulddoistowaituntiltheirtroubleshaveescalatedinadolescenceandthenattackthemwiththeprovisionsofthenewCriminalJusticeBill.Ifthisbillbecomeslaw,magistrateswillhavethepowertoimposeresidentialcareorders.Moreyoungpeoplewillbedrawnintoinstitutionallifewhenalltheevidenceshowsthatthisworsensratherthanimprovestheirprospects.Theintroductionofshortsharpshocksindetentioncenterswillsimplygivemoreyoungpeopleatasteofsomethingelsetheydon’tneed;thewholeregimeofdetentioncentersisoneoftougheningdelinquents,andifyouwanttotrainsomeonetobeanti-establishment,“Ican’tthinkofabetterwaytodoit,”saysthewriterofthisreport.TheCambridgeInstituteofCriminologycomesupwithfivekeyfactorsthatarelikelytomakefordelinquency:alowincomefamilyalargefamily,parentsdeemedbysocialworkerstobebadatraisingchildren,parentswhothemselveshaveacriminalrecord,andlowintelligenceinthechild.Notsurprisingly,thefactorstendtooverlap.Ofthe63boysinthesamplewhohadatleastthreeofthemwhentheywereten,halfbecamejuveniledelinquents—comparedwithonlyafifthofthesampleasawhole.Threemorefactorsmakethepredictionmoreaccurate:beingjudgedtroublesomebyteachersattheageoften,havingafatherwithatleasttwocriminalconvictionsandhavinganothermemberofthefamilywithacriminalrecord.Ofthe35menwhohadatleasttwoofthesefactorsintheirbackground18becamepersistentdelinquentsand8morewereintroublewiththelaw.Amongthosekeyfactors,farandawaythemostimportantwashavingaparentwithacriminalrecord,evenifthathadbeenacquiredinthedistantpast,eventhoughveryfewparentsdidotherthancondemndelinquentbehaviorintheirchildren.Theroleoftheschoolsemergesasextremelyimportant.Themostreliablepredictionofallonthefuturesofboyscamefromteachers’ratingsofhowtroublesometheywereattheageoften.Iftheinformationisthereintheclassroomtheremustbearesponsethatbringsmoreattentiontothosetroublesomechildren:asearchforthingstogivethemcreditforotherthanacademicachievement,arefusaltoallowthemtogoonplayingtruant,andafosteringofambitionandopportunitywhichshouldstartearlyintheirschoolcareers.Accordingtotheauthor,delinquencyshouldbetackled___.A.beforeadolescenceB.duringinstitutionaltreatmentC.duringadolescenceD.whentheproblembecomesacute2.Thenumberofyoungoffenderscouldbereducedbythewayof___..精选文档A.newlegalmeasuresB.betterresidentialcareC.briefperiodsofharshpunishmentD.examinationoftheirbackgrounds3.Whatistheoutcomeresultofputtingyoungoffendersintodetentioncenters?A.TheybecomemoreviolentB.TheyreceiveusefultrainingC.TheybecomeusedtoinstitutionsD.TheyturnagainstsocietyTen-year-oldchildrenlikelytobecomeoffendersareusually___.A.spoiltchildrenfromsmallfamilies.B.brightchildreninapoorfamily.C.dullchildrenwithmanybrothersandsisters.D.childrenwhoseparentshaveacquiredwealthdishonestly.Thewriterconcludesthatpotentialoffenderscouldbehelpedby___.A.spendingmoretimeatschoolB.moreencouragementatschoolC.moreactivitiesoutsideschoolD.strictertreatmentfromteachersInthepastcenturyIrishpaintinghaschangesfromaBritish-influencedlyricaltraditiontoanartthatevokestheruggednessandrootsofanIrishCelticpast.AttheturnofthetwentiethcenturyIrishpainters,includingnotablesWalterFrederickOsborneandSirWilliamOrpen,lookedelsewhereforinfluence.Osborne’sexposureto“pleinair”paintingdeeplyimpactedhisstylisticdevelopment;andOrpenalliedhimselfwithagroupofEnglishartists,whileatthesametimeparticipatedintheFrenchavant-gardeexperiment,bothaspainterandteacher.However,nationalistenergieswerebeginningtocoalesce(接合)，revivinginterestinIrishculture-includingIrishvisualarts.BeatriceElvery’s(1907),alandmarkachievement,mergedthedevotionalsimplicityoffifteenth-centuryItalianpaintingwiththeiconography(肖像画法)ofIreland’sCelticpast,linkingthehistoryofIrishCatholicismwiththestill-nascet(初生的)Irishrepublic.And,althoughalsocaptivatedbytheFrenchpleinairschool,SirJohnLaveryinvokedthemythologyofhisnativelandfora1928commissiontopaintthecentralfigureforthebanknoteofthenewIrishFreeState.Laverychoseasthisfigure,withherarmonaCelticharp(竖琴)，thenationalsymbolofindependentIreland.InIrishpaintingfromabout1910,memoriesofEdwardianromanticismcoexistedwithanewsenseofrealism,exemplifiedbythepaintingsofPaulHenryandSeKeating,astudentofOrpen’s.realismalsocreptintotheworkofEdwardiansLaveryandOrpen,bothofwhommadepaintingsdepictingWorldWarⅠ,LaverywithadistancedVictoriannobility,Orpenclosertothefront,revealingamoresinisterandrealisticvision.Meanwhile,counterpointtotheEdwardiansandrealistscameJackB.Yeats,whosetravelsthroughouttheruggedandmoreauthenticallyIrishWestled.精选文档himtodepictsubjectsrangingfromstreetscenesinDublintoboxingmatchesandfunerals.FusingcloseobservationsofIrishlifeandiconswithanIrishidentityinanewway,Yeatschan