2020年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解九

2020年中考英语语法专题及参考答案解析详解九

专题九被动语态

动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。

对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。

一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。如：Computersarewidelyusedinourworkanddailylife.电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者)

二、表示被动语态的形式(1)基本形式：主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)Thissongisoftensungbychildrenatschool.这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。

常见被动语态的时态：

①一般现在时：am/is/are+vt.的过去分词；

②一般过去时：was/were+vt.的过去分词；

③一般将来时：will/shall/begoingto+be+vt.的过去分词；

④现在完成时：have/has+been+vt.的过去分词；

⑤过去完成时：had+been+vt.的过去分词；

⑥现在进行时：am/is/are+being+vt.的过去分词；

⑦过去进行时：was/were+being+vt.的过去分词

⑧过去将来时：would+be+vt.的过去分词

注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。

(2)其他形式：(选学)

①主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+.sb.)+宾语/介词+宾语

A.主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+宾语/to+宾语Iwasshownhisgoldmedalthere.在那里他给我看了他的金牌。Hisgoldmedalwasshowntome.他的金牌给我看了。能用于这一句型的常见动词有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。

B.主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+宾语/for+宾语Iwasboughtanewdictionary(bymyfather).我父亲给我买了一本新字典。Anewdictionarywasboughtforme(bymyfather).我父亲给我买了一本新字典。能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。

②主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+主语的补足语Jimwasmadechairmanatthemeeting.Jim在会上被推选为主席。LiLeiwasseentobreaktheglassthismoming.李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那块玻璃。能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。

③主语+情态动词(can/could/may/might/must/should/oughtto)+be+动词的过去分词+(by+sb.)Watercanbeturnedintoice.水能转变成冰。Youressayshouldberewrittenagain.你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。

④主语+be+短语动词的过去分词+(by+sb.)Hiswordsshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.应该多注意他的话。ThechildreninChinaaretakengoodcareofnow.现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。注意：动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。

⑤形式主语(It)+be+vt.的过去分词+主语从句Itisreportedthatourteamhaswonthegameagain.据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为：主语+be+vt.的过去分词+不定式短语TheMarsisbelievedtohavenolifeonit.火星被确认无生命迹象。Ourteamisreportedtohavewonthegameagain.据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。

三、被动语态的用法

被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。

①说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者;如：TheclassroomhadbeencleanedwhenIgotthere.

当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。

(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道)

②为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象;如：Homeworkmustbefinishedbeforeschoolisover.

作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调Homework)

③为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如:Ihaveanewmotorbike.Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryesterdayasmybirthdaypresent.我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生日礼物的。(显然，It指代thenewbike就与上文的anewmotorbike紧密相连)

四、不能使用被动语态的情况

(1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，takeplace等不及物动词。如：Aterribletrafficaccidenthappenedontheroadyesterday.(昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：Aterribletrafficaccidentishappenedontheroadyesterday.

(2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agreewith，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。如：Idon’tagreewithJack.(我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jackisntagreedwith.

五、主动形式表被动意义如：Thepenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。Thefoodtastesgood.这些食物尝起来味道很好。

Hishouseiscomfortabletolivein.他的房子住起来很舒服。

实战演练(2_______50)计分:

1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Did;buildB.Was;builtC.Is;built

2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.washappenedB.hashappenedC.happened

3.---Thiskindofricetastesnice.Doyouknowwhereitisgrown?

---Yes,it_______inSoutheastChina.

A.wasgrewB.isgrownC.isgrowing

4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.hasbeenvisitedC.wasvisited

5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven

6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.willbedone

7.Thedoctor_____foryet.

A.isntsentB.wasntsentC.hasntbeensent

8.---When___thiskindofcomputer______?

---Lastyear.

A.was;madeB.did;makeC.are;made

9.Who_____thisbook_____?

A.did;writeB.was;writtenbyC.is;written

10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isasked

11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldtousB.wastoldusC.istoldus

12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jumpedB.jumpsC.tojump

13.Olderpeople____well.

A.mustbelookedafterB.looksafterC.mustlookafter

14.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedB.shouldbelistenedtoC.arelistened

15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.

A.isservedB.servesC.served

16.---Didyouwinthebasketballgame?

---Badluck.Ourteam_______inthefinalone.

A.wonB.waswonC.wasbeaten

17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?

A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.iscompleted

18.Greatchanges_______inChinasince1949.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.tookplace

19.---WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?

---Shehas_______byherclassmates.

A.laughedB.beenlaughedC.beenlaughedat

20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneeded

21.Thispainting_______toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.

A.sellsB.soldC.wassold

22.Thetelevision_______.Itdoesn’tworknow.

A.mustrepairB.mustberepairedC.hasrepaired

23.---Doyouthinkthattheclassroom_______everyday?

---Yes,Ithinkso.

A.shouldcleanB.shouldbecleaningC.shouldbecleaned

24.Ibelievethatthosemountains_______withtreesinafewyears’time.

A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.willcover

25.Itissaidthatabout400cars_______inthefactorynextmonth.

A.willproduceB.areproducedC.willbeproduced

26.Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I_______tohelpwiththeharvestonthefarm.

A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.asked

27.---Areyoufreethisafternoon?

---No.I’llhaveanEnglishcomposition_______thisafternoon.

A.towriteB.wroteC.tobewritten

28.---Wherearetheboys?

---Oh,they_______basketballontheplaygroundjustnow.

A.wereseenplayB.wereseentoplayC.hadseenplay

29.---CanyousingthisEnglishsong?

---OfcourseIcan.It_______often_______bychildren.

A.is;sangB.was;sangC.is;sung

30.---WhatdidMissZhangsaytoyoujustnow?

---Shesaidthatallthebooksshould___tothelibraryontime.

A.arereturnedB.returnC.bereturned

31.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_______yet.

A.isnotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.hasnotbeendecided

32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learned

33.Afootballmatch_______inourschoolnextMonday.

A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isgoingtohold

34.----What’shappenedtoJoe?

----________toahospital.

A.He’stakenB.He’sbeentakenC.He’llbetaken

35.---Didyougotothepartyyesterday?

----No,I________.

A.wasn’tinvitedB.wasinvitedC.didn’tinvite

36.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust______downtoomanytrees.

A.stopfromcuttingB.stoptocutC.bestoppedfromcutting

37.Hewasseen________somethingfromtheshop.

A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolen

38.Oneoftheclubactivties________byMrSmith.

A.isholdingB.areheldC.isheld

39.Thiskindofmedicine________inadryandcoolplace.

A.mustkeepB.keptC.mustbekept

40.Thedog_________anhourago.

A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendead

41.---Mary,you____onthephone.

---Thankyou,Mom.

A.arewantedB.willbewantedC.havewanted

42.Thisbook________wellintheshop.

A.sellsB.issellingC.issold

43.Thewindows__________afterschoolisover.

A.usuallyclosedB.areusuallyclosedC.areusuallyclosing

44.Theysatatthetableuntilallthefood__________.

A.waseatingB.waseatenC.wereeaten

45.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit___________tobequiteagoodone.