考研英语阅读理解学习资料

Unit2（1997年真题）Passage1Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'son-lineservice.DeathNET.SaysHofsess:"Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn'tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory.HThefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIIIlawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,righl-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia-whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart——otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoeslostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,andadultpatientcanrequestdeath-probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill一toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera"coolingofF*periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.nrmnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingfbroxygenandclawingattheirmasks."hesays.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat.|A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia|C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw(D]ittakeslimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'spassageWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeans.observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia|B|similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountriesobserversarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoestheeffect-takingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastopWhenLloydNicksondies,hewill.A]facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasiaexperiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatienthaveanintensefearofterriblesufferingundergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendaysTheauthor'sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[CJapproval[D]indifferencePassage2AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoicefbrthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn'ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner-amazing.'*SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto"translate"culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusestheword"friend",theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor'slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld.rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS|B]small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscommentCanadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighborsmostAmericansarereadytoofferhelpItcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.A]cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationshipcourteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelatedvariousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriendssocialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventionsFamiliesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers.toimprovetheirhardlifeinviewoftheirlong-distancetraveltoaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife(D|outofacharitableimpulseThetraditionofhospitalitylostrangers.tendstobesuperficialandartificialisgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates|C]isalwaysundersKxxlproperly[D]hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrailsPassage3Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon'trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase"substanceabuse1'isoftenusedinsteadof"drugabuse"tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.Wcliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtopnxlucethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducing,hallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning"mind-manifestingH)becausetheyseemedtoradicallyalterone'sstateofconsciousness."Substancesabuse"(Line4,Paragraph1)ispreferableto"drugabuse,'inthat.|A]substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegallyused"drugabuse"isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugtakersalcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasheroinandcocainemanysubstancesotherthanheroinorcocainecanalsobepoisonousTheword"pervasiveM(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean.[A]widespread[B]overwhelming[C]piercing[D]fashionablePhysicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom.|A]uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime.exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes|C]quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseases(D]carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptomsFromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthemind|B|hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultohealthdepressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivesubstancesthethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedingroupsPassage4Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofnation.MIsthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?"SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek."Ybuhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AlTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbomin1990.It'saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany'smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierfbrhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany'srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfirefbrreleasingIce-T'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet."Thetestofanydemocraticsociety/1hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,"liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon'tretreatinthefaceofanythreats."Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth'sstockholdersmeeting.LevinassertedthatHmusicisnotthecauseofsociety'sills**andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe"balancedstruggle"betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,"saysLuce."Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis."13.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor.itsrisingofthecorporatestockpriceitsself-examinationofsoulitsneglectofsocialresponsibilityitsemphasisoncreativefreedomAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.|C]TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.SteveRossisnolongeralive.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression|B|softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicychangedhisattitudeandyieldedloobjectionreceivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboardThebesttitlefbrthispassagecouldbe.|A]ACompanyunderFireADebateonMoralDeclineALawfulOutletofStreetCultureAFormofCreativeFreedomPassage5Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes*1,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fbrtheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistantlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedState,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica's,havelittleproductiveslack.America'scapacityutilisation,fbrexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment-theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittledefective,Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.Fromthepassagewelearnthat .|A]thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninnationandinterestraleseconomywillalwaysfollowcertainmodelstheeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpectedeconomistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituationAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar.Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.|D]Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.Thesentence"ThisisnoflashinthepanM(Line5,Paragraph3)meansthat.[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime|B|theinflationralewillsoonrise[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly(D]thereisnoinflationatpresentThepassageshowsthattheauthoristhepresentsituation.[A]criticalof(B]puzzledby[C]disappointedat[D]amazedatUnit3(1998年真题)Passage1Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind'slongsufteringatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn'thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt'sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey'sbidfbrFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,fbrexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnfbragiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivillizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.Meanwhile,inIndia,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipfbrthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon'tneedadamtobesaved.Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat.peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestorealitytheblindcouldbehappierthanthesightedover-excitcdpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings|D|fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesightInparagraph5,"thepowerless1'probablyrefersto.areasshortofelectricitydamswithoutpowerstationspoorcountriesaroundIndiacommonpeopleintheNarmadaDamareaWhatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?Theybringinmorefertilesoil.|B]Theyhelpdefendthecountry.Theystrengtheninternationalties.Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas.[A]"It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk"|B]"Morehaste,lessspeed',"Lookbeforeyouleap,1"Hewholaughslastlaughsbest"Passage2Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepre-sidingoverisfbrreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace-allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing——areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch^re-engineering"hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficentthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO'sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish-"theworstsortofambulance-chasing.'1Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis.[A]notasgoodasitseems [B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems |D]neartocompleterecoveryTheofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth.IA]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle|B]fallshortofbusinessmen'santicipationmeettheexpectationofbusinesspeoplefailtoreflectthetruestateofeconomyTheauthorraisesthequestion"whataboutpainwithoutgain?"because.hequestionsthetruthofMnogainwithoutpain"hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworkshewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading|D]hewasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinessesWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.|C]Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.Passage3Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17th-centurytrialfbrhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics——butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked"antiscience"inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason,"heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information/'whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience'sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeed,someobserverstearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm'antiscience'canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,"notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science,"Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.',Theword"schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans.[A]confrontation [B]dissatisfaction[C]separation [D]contemptParagraphs2and3arewrittento.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'spower|B]showtheauthorssymphathywithscientistsexplainthewayinwhichsciencedevelopsexemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanitiesWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.|B]Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.The"moreenlighlened"tendtotagothersasantiscience.Taggingenvironmentalistsas"antiscience1'isjustifiableTheauthor'attitudetowardtheissueof"sciencevs.antiscience"is.A]impartial|B|subjective[C]biased[D|puzzlingPassage4Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment-anditsstrongimplicationsfbrUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead一hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople—numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfbrtheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarII.andthepatternstillprevails.Threesun-beltstates