2023版高三一轮总复习英语北师大版（皖）第1部分必修第2册UNIT 5HUMANS AND NATURE

19/19课标单词背诵(先填后背)第一组1．floodn．洪水，水灾2．droughtn．旱灾，干旱3．hurricanen．飓风4．volcanicadj.火山的；由火山作用引起的5．eruptionn．爆发6．wildlifen．野生动植物，野生生物7．commentn．评论；意见8．crowdedadj.拥挤的；挤满人的9．landscapen．风景，景色10．livingadj.活的，活着的11．weedn．野草；海藻12．deern．鹿13．insectn．昆虫14．whalen．鲸15．dolphinn．海豚16．sharkn．鲨(鱼)17．kangaroon．袋鼠18．eaglen．鹰19．foxn．狐狸20．soiln．土壤21．climaten．气候22．ecologyn．生态；生态学23．junglen．(热带)丛林24．lecturen．讲座，讲课；演讲25．overusevt.过度使用；滥用26．millionn．百万27．greenhousen．温室，暖房28．titlen．题目，标题第二组1．waven．海浪；波涛2．escapevi.&vt.逃离；逃避3．filen．档案，卷宗4．poetryn．诗歌；作诗的艺术5．souln．灵魂6．horribleadj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的7．edgen．边缘8．observationn．观察；观察结果9．extentn．面积；长度；范围；程度10．tuben．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁11．vehiclen．交通工具，车辆12．trapvt.困住；使陷于危险中13．deathn．死，死亡14．lossn．丧失；死亡15．damagen．伤害，损伤，损害16．measurevt.估量，衡量；测量17．operationn．行动，活动；手术；操作18．overseasadv.在海外，在外国19．siten．场所，地点20．processn．过程，进程21．battlen．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗22．dutyn．职责，义务；责任23．sufferingn．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨24．conductvt.实施；进行；执行；vi.&vt.指挥25．lampn．灯26．nearbyadv.附近27．breathevi.&vt.呼吸28．dustn．灰尘；尘埃第三组1．explorern．探险者；勘察者2．skin．滑雪板；vi.滑雪3．bootn．靴子4．captainn．队长；组长5．polaradj.极地的，地极的6．basen．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地7．anxiouslyadv.焦虑地；不安地8．ambitionn．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿9．explorationn．探险；探索10．cheerfuladj.高兴的，兴高采烈的11．provevt.证明；证实12．distantadj.久远的；遥远的13．continentn．洲，大洲；大陆14．honestyn．坦诚；诚实，正直15．sincerityn．真诚，真挚，诚实16．braveryn．勇气；勇敢的行为17．brochuren．小册子18．sheltern．避难所19．aftershockn．(地震的)余震20．observevt.观察；注意21．metaln．金属22．variedadj.各种各样的，形形色色的23．scaryadj.可怕的，恐怖的24．harmlessadj.无害的25．skiingn．滑雪运动26．originalityn．独创性；创造力27．disappearancen．消亡；消失[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．disastern．灾难；灾祸2．equaladj.相等的；相同的3．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援4．attemptn．&vt.努力，尝试，企图5．interruptvt.打断讲话用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Thevillagewasstruckbyoneoftheworstdisasters(disaster)inhistory.2．Themoneywasdividedequally(equal)amonghisfourchildren.3．Luckily,thedrowningboywasrescued(rescue)byakindmanatlast.4．Heranquicklytotheoldwoman,attempting(attempt)tosaveherfrombeingknockeddown.5．Hespokefortwentyminuteswithoutinterruption/beinginterrupted(interrupt).派生单词语境运用1．shockvt.使震惊；使难以置信→shockedadj.感到震惊的→shockingadj.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的2．survivevi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survivorn．幸存者；幸免者→survivaln．幸存，幸免3．frightn．受惊，害怕→frightenv．使害怕，使受惊→frightenedadj.受惊的，害怕的→frighteningadj.令人害怕的4．curiousadj.好奇的→curiosityn．好奇，好奇心5．preparevt.准备，预备→preparationn．预备，准备6．protectvt.保护；防护→protectionn．保护；防护用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Everyoneinthestreetwasshockedwhentheyheardtheshockingnews.(shock)2．Onlyonepassengersurvivedtheaircrash.Whenthesurvivorwasinterviewed,hesaidhissurvivalwasawonder.(survive)3．Onseeingthefrighteningsceneofthetrafficaccident,thefrightenedchildwastremblingwithfright.(frighten)4．Iwasstruckbytheboyfullofcuriosity,whowasalwaysaskingsomequestionscuriously.(curious)5．WhenIcamein,mymotherwaspreparingamealwhilemyfatherwasmakingpreparationsforhisreport.(prepare)6．Toprotectyourskinfrombeingsunburnt,youcansitunderthetree,whichformsanaturalprotectionfromthesun'srays.(protect)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder. BA．逃跑，逃走 B．(暂时的)解脱 C．漏出；溢出2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation，processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions. BA．加工 B．审视 C．处理3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects. AA．给某人大量的(某物) B．淹没 C．涌现[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．turnone'sback(onsb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管2．allatonce突然3．ontheedgeof在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)4．inthedirectionof朝着……方向5．atgreatspeed以极快的速度6．breathein吸气7．carryon继续8．runout用完；耗尽9．breakdown停止运转，出故障10．holdonto抓住选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1．Iturnedtomyfatherforhelp，butheturnedhisbackonme.2．Talkingandlaughing，theywanderedoffinthedirectionoftheneareststore.3．Yoursisterpassedmeinhernewcar,drivingatgreatspeed.4．Hecarriedontellingjokes，laughinghisheadoff.5．Don'tworry.Ifourmoneyrunsout,wecanborrowsomefrommysister.6．Iwaslatethismorning,becausemycarbrokedownonthewaytothecompany.[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...越……，就越……Thefirst，thelargerthebodieswere，themorerapidlytheyfell...离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。Thehigherthegroundis，thethinnertheairbecomes.2．完全倒装Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.门开了，史密斯先生进来了。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith．3．have＋sb./sth.＋doingHehadteamsofdogspullingthesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.那老板让工人们整天不停地干活。Thebosshadhisworkersworkingalldaylong.4.对过去事实进行相反的假设Ifpeoplehadn'ttakenthemeat，thewolveswouldhaveleftthefarmers'sheepalone.我如果看过这场电影，我就把电影内容告诉你了。IfIhadseenthefilm，Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.1．survive[课本义]vi.&vt.活下来；幸存[增补义]vi.&vt.比……活的时间长[高考原句·2021·全国甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.(1)survivesth.在……中幸免于难，挺过……surviveonsth.靠……存活survivesb.by...years比某人多活了……年(2)survivorn．幸存者survivaln．幸存，幸免Allthetreesplantedlastyearhavesurvived.去年栽的树全都活了。Shewastheonlyonetosurvivethecrash.她是这次飞机失事的唯一幸存者。survivetheseverewinter挺过这个严冬surviveherhusbandbytenyears比她丈夫多活十年[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Harrysurvivedhiswifebythreemonths.②Amy'sonlychanceofsurvival(survive)wasalivertransplant.③Aplanecrashedyesterday，andtherewerenosurvivor.survivor→survivors[链接写作]——完成句子他在事故中幸存下来没受伤，真是(不幸中的)大幸！Hewasveryluckytohavesurvivedtheaccidentunhurt!2．frightenedadj.受惊的，害怕的(1)frightenedadj.感到害怕的befrightenedat...(听到……)吓了一跳befrightenedofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事(2)frighteningadj.令人惊恐的；骇人的(3)frightenv．使惊恐，使害怕frighteno/outofdoingsth.吓得某人做/不做某事(4)frightn．害怕；惊恐Miriamwastoofrightenedtotellherfamilywhathadhappened.米丽娅姆太害怕了以至于不敢告诉家人发生了什么事。befrightenedtodeath吓死befrightenedofwalkinghomealoneinthedarkness害怕在黑夜单独走着回家[名师点津]由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.­ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多用于指事物；v.­ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Theyfrightenedtheoldladyintosigning(sign)thepaper.②Don'tbefrighteningofmakingmistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish. frightening→frightened[链接写作]——一句多译她担心玻璃会破碎。①Shewasfrightenedthattheglasswouldbreak.②Shewasafraidthattheglasswouldbreak.3．curiousadj.好奇的[高考原句·2018·全国卷Ⅰ]She'scurious.(1)becuriousabout对……感到好奇becurioustodosth.渴望做某事becuriousthat...对……感到好奇(2)curiosityn．好奇心；求知欲withcuriosity＝curiously奇怪地；好奇地Heissuchacuriousboy，alwaysaskingquestions.他是个如此好奇的男孩，总是爱问问题。Iamcurioushowshewillreceivethenews.我很想知道她如何接受那消息。meet/satisfyeveryone'scuriosity满足大家的好奇心arousemycuriosity引起我的好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Asalittleboy，hewascuriousabouttheoriginofmankind.②He'scurioustoknow(know)whatshesaid.③Hiscuriositiesdrovehimintothecavetoseewhathappened. curiosities→curiosity[链接写作]——完成句子马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。EveryonewascuriousaboutwhyMarkwasleaving.4．trap[课本义]vt.困住；使陷于危险中[增补义]n.陷阱；阴谋[高考原句·2018·北京卷]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.(1)betrappedin...被困在……becaughtin被困在……bestuckin被困在……(2)set/layatrap设置陷阱；布下圈套fall/walkintoatrap落入陷阱/圈套Hewastrappedinanunhappymarriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。Tobreakoutofthepovertytraptheyneedhelpfromthegovernment.为了摆脱贫困的处境，他们需要政府的帮助。trapyouintobuyingwhatyoudon'tneed诱骗你买不需要的东西fallintothetrapofgoingshopping落入购物的陷阱[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①IwastrappedintoadmittingIhaddonewrong.②Manypeopletrappinginbuildingsdiedbeforetheycouldberescued. trapping→trapped[链接写作]——完成句子他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.5．attemptn．&vt.努力，尝试，企图[高考原句·2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Everyyearabout40，000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro，thehighestmountaininAfrica.(1)attempttodosth.试图/努力做某事(2)atthe/one'sfirstattempt第一次尝试inanattempttodosth.试图做某事makean/noattempttodosth.企图做某事/没有做某事的企图Theprisonersattemptedanescape，butfailed.囚犯们企图逃跑，但失败了。Hestudiedhardinanattempttopasstheexam.他努力学习试图通过考试。giveuptheattemptindespair在绝望中放弃makeafurtherattempt做进一步尝试studyhardinanattempttopasstheexam努力学习试图通过考试[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Youshouldmakeanattempttomake(make)friendswithher.②Thestudentswhoarenotsuccessfulinthefirstattemptmaytaketheexamagain. in→at[链接写作]——一句多译昨天我试图说服他，但是徒劳无果。①Yesterday，Iattemptedtopersuadehim,butinvain.(attemptv．)②Yesterday，Imadeanattempttopersuadehim,butinvain.(attemptn．)6．measure[课本义]vt.估量，衡量；测量[增补义]n．措施；标准vt.评定[高考原句·2021·新高考卷Ⅰ]ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事make...toone'sownmeasure根据某人的尺寸做(衣服)Adipstickisusedtomeasurehowmuchoilisleftinanengine.量油尺是用来探查引擎中的剩余油量的。Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestopreventpollution.政府已采取措施控制污染。measurethewidthofthegap测量一下这条缝隙的宽度takemeasurestostopthepollution采取措施阻止污染[名师点津]当measure表示“量起来有……长/高/宽……”时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Itishightimethatweshouldtakemeasurestoprotect(protect)endangeredanimals.②Thedeskislongenough,whichmeasures(measure)oneandahalfmetres.③Mymothermademeapairoftrousersatmyownmeasure. at→to[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Wewilldosomethingtopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.(高级表达)Wewilltakemeasurestopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.7．anxiouslyadv.焦虑地；不安地(1)beanxiousabout为……担心/忧虑beanxiousforsth.渴望某事beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事(2)anxietyn．忧虑，担忧withanxiety焦虑地Theoldwomanwasanxiouslyawaitingthereturnofherrelatives.老妇人望眼欲穿地盼望亲人们归来。anxiouslyawaitingtheresultofthetest焦急地等待着检测的结果hopeforherletteranxiously巴望着她的回信[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Jackstillcan'thelpbeinganxiousabouthisjobinterview.②Peggyisanxioustoshowwhatshecancopewithextraresponsibility. what→that或去掉what[链接写作]——一句多译我忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。①Iwasanxiouslywaitingforhisphonecall.(anxiously)②Iwaswaitingforhisphonecallwithanxiety．(anxiety)8．observe[课本义]vt.观察；注意[增补义]vt.遵守；庆祝[高考原句·2018·天津卷]Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.(1)observethat...看到……observesb.do/doingsth.看到某人做/正在做某事observesth.done注意到某事被做(2)observationn．注意，观察Tomobservedastrangerenterhisgarden.汤姆注意到一个陌生人进入了他的花园。Allcitizensshouldobservetrafficrules.每位公民都应该遵守交通规则。observetheMid­AutumnFestival庆祝中秋节observetrafficregulations遵守交通规则[名师点津]observe用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Themanwasobservedtoenter(enter)thebankbythepoliceman.②Mostinformationwascollectedbydirectobservationsoftheanimals'behaviour. observations→observation[链接写作]——一句多译他将与家人一起庆祝中秋节。①HewillcelebratetheMid­AutumnFestivalwithhisfamily.(celebrate)②HewillobservetheMid­AutumnFestivalwithhisfamily.(observe)9．runout用完；耗尽runinto碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到runover(车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览runafter追逐；追求runacross无意间碰到Ifwe'renotcareful，we'regoingtorunoutofgas.如果我们不小心使用，我们将会耗尽汽油。[名师点津]“用完”的不同runoutof“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；runout“用完”(＝becomeusedup)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；useup“用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Wewenttoofastroundthecornerandranintoalamppost.②Hewasrunoverandkilledbyabus.③Thedogwasrunningacrossarabbit. across→after[链接写作]——一句多译问题是我们的钱已经用完了。①Theproblemisthatwehaverunoutofmoney．②Theproblemisthatourmoneyhasrunout．10．breakdown[课本义]停止运转，出故障[增补义](身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解；划分；崩溃；拆毁breakout(坏事)爆发；突然发生breakin强行闯入；打断(谈话)breakup破碎；解散；分手breakthrough突破；冲破Weweredrivinghalfwhenthecarbrokedown.当汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶到一半的路程。Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。hiscarbrokedownontheway他的车在路上抛锚了breakdownintears痛哭流涕breakdownifyouworktoohard过分辛劳身体会垮掉[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Notlongafterhisreturn，alocalwarbrokeoutnearhistown.②Shelongedtobreakthroughtheirconversationbutdidn'twanttoappearrude. through→in[链接写作]——完成句子他的车坏了，得坐公交车了。Hiscarbrokedown,soheneededtotakeabus.11．[教材原句]Thefirst，thelargerthebodieswere，themorerapidlytheyfell...第一，物体越大，下降速度越快……(1)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句的情况而变化。两个“the＋比较级……”要分别放在两个句子的主谓结构之前，两句之间可以用逗号隔开。当意思很明白时，两句常采用省略形式。(2)第一个“the＋比较级……”是条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级……”是主句。如果第二个“the＋比较级……”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级……”通常用一般现在时代替将来时。[金句推送](2021·全国甲卷)Andthemorewelook，themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender，race，andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.我们看到的越多，就越能看到社会因素像性别、种族和阶级并不能决定天才的出现。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Themorewedoforthepeople，thehappier(happy)wewillfeel.②Themorecarefulyouare，thefewmistakesyouwillmake.few→fewer[链接写作]——完成句子她越学越想学。Themoreshelearns，themoreshewantstolearn．12．[教材原句]Thencamethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。使用完全倒装句的几种情况：(1)在以here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副词开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。(2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒装。(3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短时，更需要倒装。(4)such置于句首时，such多被认为是表语。[金句推送]Johnopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.约翰打开门，眼前站着一个他以前从未见过的女孩。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Underthattreesits(sit)abeautifulgirl.②Presentattheconferencewere(be)expertsfromallovertheworld.③Soarethefacts；noonecandenythem. So→Such[链接写作]——完成句子我们渴望的时刻终于到了。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.(用倒装句型)13．[教材原句]Ifpeoplehadn'ttakenthemeat，thewolveswouldhaveleftthefarmers'sheepalone.如果人们不把肉拿走，狼就不会打农民的羊的主意了。(1)对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用haddone形式，主句用would/should/couldhavedone形式。(2)对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。(3)对将来情况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用shoulddo，weretodo或动词的过去式三种形式，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形”。[金句推送]IfIhadn'tseenitwithmyowneyes，Iwouldn'thavebelievedit.如果我不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①IfIwere(be)you，Iwouldchoosetoworkinasmalltown.②IfIhadread(read)thebook，Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.③Ifithadsnowedtomorrow，ourplanwouldbepostponed.去掉it后的had[链接写作]——完成句子如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到李先生。IfIhadgotthereearlier，IwouldhavemetMr.Li.夯基固本——基础落实Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．IsurvivedtheterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonlysurvivor(survive)oftheaccident.2．Shedidn'tdaretogotherebyairbecauseshewasfrightened(frighten)thattheplanewouldcrash.3．Peoplegatheredround，curioustoknow(know)whatishappening.4．Thefirefighterstriedtosavethepeopletrapped(trap)underbuildings.5．Iattemptedtopersuade(persuade)himtosupportmyaction.Ⅱ．改正句中的错误。1．Michaelglancedanxiousdownthecorridor，butMarywasnowheretobeseen. anxious→anxiously2．Thepondisnotbig,measuredabout2metresacross.measured→measuring3．Itwasnotuntil1980thatthefestivalisobservedintheircountry. is→was4．Thehungriertheybecame，thehardtheyworked. hard→harder5．Ourschooliseasytofind,infrontofwhatstandsatower.what→whichⅢ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Childrenarealwayscuriousabouteverythingintheworld.2．Thelittlegirlwasfrightenedintocryingwhenasnakecameoutbehindatree.3．Shesetatrapforhimandhewalkedstraightintoit.4．Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.5．Hurryup!Timeisrunningoutforthetrappedminers.查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Thestudenthaddifficultyworking(work)outthemathsproblem.2．Wearemakingpreparations(prepare)tomovetonewoffices.3．Nothingcancompensatefortheloss(lose)ofalovedone.4．Honesty(honest)isoneofhisbestqualities.5．Charleswasattheclinicrecoveringfromanoperation(operate)onhisarm.Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Thedisastercausedgreatdamagetoourcropslastyear.2．Ineedyourhelp；pleasedon'tturnyourbackonme.3．Onechocolatebarlikethisisequaltoalargemealincalorieintake.4．Shewavedvaguelyinthedirectionofthehouse.5．Heworkedhardathisstudy.Asaresult，hepassedtheexameasily.强技提能——语言运用Ⅰ．课文语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。On1June，1910，CaptainRobertFalconScottbeganhisjourney1．totheAntarctica.Atthesametime，theNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsenwasalsogoingsouth.Duringthepolarsummer，bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesin2．preparation(prepare)fortheirjourneys.AmundsenreachedtheAntarcticafirst.Thenhepreparedforthereturnjourney.Scott3．finally(final)arrived