2023版高三一轮总复习英语北师大版（皖）第1部分必修第3册UNIT 8GREEN LIVING

15/15课标单词背诵(先填后背)第一组1．tissuen．纸巾2．oceann．海洋，大海3．smogn．雾霾4．desertn．沙漠5．globaladj.全球的，全世界的6．industrialadj.工业的7．extinctionn．灭绝8．solutionn．解决，解决办法9．electricityn．电10．transportn．交通运输系统，运输方式11．batteryn．电池12．carbonn．碳13．balancen．平衡14．flatn．一套公寓房，一套住房adj.平坦的15．rootn．树根16．instituten．机构；研究院17．brickn．砖，砖块18．allaroundtheworld全世界19．involvevt.参与；包含20．postern．海报21．profitn．盈利，利润第二组1．contentedadj.满意的；满足的2．agriculturen．农业3．regionn．地区，区域4．slimadj.微小的；苗条的；薄的5．survivaln．继续生存，幸存6．raten．比率，率7．quoten．引文，引用(的话)8．headstonen．墓碑9．formeradj.以前的，从前的10．currentadj.当前的，现时的11．countyn．县12．ordinaryadj.普通的；平常的13．parkingn．(车辆等的)停放14．thereforeadv.因此；由此15．pathn．小径，小道16．trackingn．跟踪17．destinationn．目的地；终点18．residentn．居民19．officialn．官员，高级职员adj.公务的；官方的20．attituden．看法；态度21．diagramn．图解，示意图第三组1．percentagen．百分比，百分率2．packagingn．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料3．plasticadj.塑料制的4．honeyn．蜂蜜5．buttern．黄油，牛油6．yoghurtn．酸奶7．containern．容器8．majorityn．大多数9．sumvt.概括，总结10．indicatevt.表明；显示11．landfilln．废弃物填埋场12．clean­burningadj.清洁焚烧的13．waste­to­energyadj.以垃圾作为能源的14．footwearn．鞋类15．annuallyadv.每年；一年一度地16．near­surfaceadj.近地表的17．build­upn．增长；加强18．pollutantn．污染物19．floodingn．水灾，洪水泛滥20．overflowvi.&vt.满是，有许多；泛滥[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．recyclevi.&vt.再利用，回收利用2．shootn．芽，苗；嫩枝vt.射中；射击3．firmadj.坚实的；稳固的4．occurvi.发生5．overcomevt.克服(困难)；控制(感情)用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Aftertreatment,wastewatercanberecycled(recycle)forproduction.2．Afterhesawthebirdinthetree,heshot(shoot)itwithhisgun.3．Keepyoureyesfirmly(firm)fixedontheroadahead.4．Theyaretalkingaboutsometechnicaltermsoftenoccurring(occur)inbusinessdocuments.5．Theplayerovercame(overcome)herinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedallastyear.派生单词语境运用1．bothervt.使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)；打扰→botheredadj.担心的；烦恼的2．foundvt.创建；创办→foundern．创办人，创始者3．organisevt.组织；安排→organisern．组织者，安排者→organisationn．组织；安排4．proposev．提议；建议；打算→proposaln．建议，提议5．determinev．决定→determinedadj.坚决的；坚定的→determinationn．决心；毅力6．disappearvi.消失，不见→disappearancen．消失；不见用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Itbothersmetothinkofthebotheringchild，whoalwayscausestroublehereandthere.(bother)2．Johnisoneofthefoundersofthecompany,whichwasfoundedintheyear2010.(found)3．Itissaidthattheconferencewaswellorganised,butdoyouknowwhowastheorganiser?(organise)4.Afterheproposedapossiblesolutiontothemysteryatthemeeting,everyonedidn'tagreewithhisproposal.(propose)5．Heisamanwithstrongdetermination.Onceheisdeterminedtodosomething,noonecanstophim.(determine)6．Ithasbeenthreedayssincethewomandisappeared.Thepoliceareinvestigatingherdisappearancenow.(disappear)1．(2020·江苏卷)Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout，thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue. BA．纸巾 B．(人、动植物细胞的)组织 C．薄纸，绵纸2．(2019·江苏卷)Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts，Stevestruggling，searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim. CA．蜂蜜 B．可爱的人 C．亲爱的[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．makeadifference起作用；产生重大影响2．domypartforsth.尽自己所能做某事3．takeaction采取行动4．standfor代表；容忍5．comeupwith想出，想到6．makesb.'sdreamcometrue(使)某人梦想成真7．workthrough调整(情绪)8．takepart(in)参加9．cutbackon削减，缩减10．tosumup总之选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1．Theseaairhasmadeadifferencetoherhealth.2．Thefirementookactionimmediatelytostoptheforestfirespreading.3．Allyouhadtodowasthinkalittleharderandcomeupwithanewsolution.4．Weneedtoworkhardtomakeourdreamcometrue．5．Theyshowthemwaysinwhichtheycancutbackonwateruse.6．Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork.[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．leave...doing...句型Well，sayyouleavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth...不要让她一直在外面雨里等着。Don'tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.2．not...but...不是……，而是……Thenew“whitebikes”werenotactuallywhitebutpaintedinbrightcolours.读书之所以有趣，不是由于作者告诉了你什么，而是由于书本促使你思考。Readingisfun，notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething，butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.1．botheredadj.担心的；烦恼的[高考原句·2020·江苏卷]Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.(1)bebotheredtodo费心做某事(2)bothervt.打扰；烦扰n．麻烦；不便bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人botheraboutsth.为某事烦恼bothertodosth.特意/特地做某事havemuchbother(in)doingsth.做某事有麻烦/费劲Ijustcan'tbebotheredtolookafterthehouse.我就是不想费事照看这所房子。bebotheredaboutone'spersonalgainsorlosses为个人得失而烦恼whybother何苦那么麻烦/没有必要吧[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Idon'twanttobotherherwith/aboutmyproblemsatthemoment.②Touristsdonotneedtobotherabouttransportationandlunch.③Ihadnobotheraboutfindingyourhouse.去掉about或about→in[链接写作]——完成句子我懒得化妆。Ican'tbebotheredtomakeupmyface．2．involve[课本义]vt.参与；包含[增补义]vt.牵涉；牵连[高考原句·2020·天津卷]Asanyyoungerbrotherwilltellyou，havingabigbrotherinvolvesalotofwalkinginsomeoneelse'sshadow...involvedoingsth.包含/需要做某事involvesb.in(doing)sth.(使)参加，加入be/getinvolvedin参加，参与；专心于beinvolvedwith...与……关系密切Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphotograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。Therewasaseriousincidentinvolvingagroupofyouths.有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。contactthepeopleinvolved与有关人员联系beinvolvedindrugs沾染毒品[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Trytoinvolveasmanychildrenaspossibleinthegame.②Paintingtheroominvolvedmoving(move)outthepiano.③IfIwereyou，Iwouldn'tgetinvolvedwiththeirproblems. with→in[链接写作]——一句多译父母应当参与孩子的教育。①Parentsshouldinvolvethemselvesintheirchild'seducation.②Parentsshouldbeinvolvedintheirchild'seducation.3．occur[课本义]vi.发生[增补义]vi.出现；被想到(起)[高考原句·2018·全国卷Ⅱ]HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface，somethingoccurredtome.(1)sth.occurstosb.某人想到某事itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想到要做某事itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...……的念头/想法出现在某人的头脑里(2)occurrencen．发生的事情；存在的事物Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？occurinbroaddaylight发生在光天化日之下agoodideaoccurredtohiminadream他在梦中想到的一个好主意[名师点津]表示“某人想起……”的短语还有：sth.strikes/hitssb.,estosb.等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Didn'titoccurtoyoutophone(phone)themaboutit?②Thecrashwasoccurredwhenthecrewshutdownthewrongengine. 去掉was[链接写作]——一句多译伊丽莎白也想到了这个相同的主意。①ThesameideaoccurredtoElizabeth.(occur)②ThesameideastruckElizabeth.(strike)③ThesameideahitElizabeth.(hit)④ThesameideacametoElizabeth.(cometo)4．proposaln．建议，提议[高考原句·2019·天津卷]Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.acceptaproposal接受一项建议proposevt.提议，建议；打算；提名proposesth./doingsth.建议某事/做某事proposethat...(should)dosth.建议(某人)做某事proposesb.for/assth.推荐某人担任proposetodosth./doingsth.打算做某事Hisproposalthatthesystemshouldbechangedwasrejected.他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。aproposaltobuildmoreofficeaccommodation增建更多办公楼的建议proposeheras/forchairmanoftheconference推荐她为大会主席[名师点津]propose作“建议”讲时，后接动词的­ing形式或that从句。注意：that从句要用shoulddosth.，should可省略。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Sheproposedthatthebook(should)bebanned(ban).②Heproposedchanging(change)thenameofthecompany.③Weagreedthataproposalwasagoodone. a→the[链接写作]——完成句子我们建议暑假去杭州旅游。WeproposedtakingatourofHangzhouinthesummervacation.5．majorityn．大多数(1)ina/themajority占大多数by/withamajority以多数票(2)majoradj.主要的n．主修科目；专业；某专业的学生v．主修majorin主修……科目ThemajorityofpeopleinterviewedpreferTVtoradio.大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。defeathisrivalbyanarrowmajority以微弱的多数票战胜他的对手amajoritydecision根据大多数人的意见作出的决定[名师点津]themajority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可；the/amajorityof＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与该名词的数一致。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Themajorityofpeopleare(be)infavourofbanningsmokingnow.②Inthenursingprofession，womenarewithamajority. with→in[链接写作]——完成句子大多数在这里工作的工人都来自于华南。The/AmajorityoftheworkersherecomefromSouthChina.6．comeupwith[课本义]想出，想到[增补义]拿出[高考原句·2019·全国卷Ⅰ]ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmarteupto走近comeup发生；被提及(无被动式)comeout出来；出版；开花comethrough(重病后)康复comeback回来，返回；反驳comeat扑向comedown崩塌；坍塌Weuseourimaginationandcomeupwithcreativeideas.我们发挥想象力，提出许多创意。Howsooncanyoucomeupwiththemoney?你什么时候能拿出这笔钱？comeupwithagoodidea想出一个好主意comeupwithsuggestionsofourown提出了我们自己的建议[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Withsuchaweakheartshewasluckytocomethroughtheoperation.②Whenwillthemattercomeupfordiscussion?③ThisbookisabouttocomeoutinBritain,andlaterinFranceandinSpain.④Shecameoutatthespeakerwithsomesharpquestions. out→back[链接写作]——完成句子我们希望你能想出一个比这更好的计划。Wehopeyoucancomeupwithaplanbetterthanthis.7．cutbackon削减，缩减cutacross/through抄近路穿过cutin插嘴，打断(谈话)cutoff切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝cutdown砍倒，削减，裁小cutup切碎Theyhaven'thadtocutbackonschoolsandeducationalspending.他们还没有削减对学校和教育的开支。Trytocutbackonfoodscontainingtoomuchfatandsugar.要尽量少吃脂肪和糖分含量过高的食品。cutbackonspending削减开支cutbackonwateruse减少用水cutbackonfattyfoods减少高脂肪食品的食用[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Itisimpoliteofchildrentocutinwhentheirseniorsaretalking.②Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarilybecausetheworkersarerepairingoneofthemainpipes.③Somepeoplemayjustneedtocutbackintheirschedulesandgettobedearlier. in→on[链接写作]——完成句子如果我们的销量不会更好的话，我们将减少产量。Ifwecannotsellmore，wewillhavetocutbackonproduction．8．[教材原句]Well,sayyouleavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth...比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流……leavesb./sth.doingsth.使某人/物一直在做某事leavesb./sth.todosth.使某人/物做某事leavesth.done让/使某事被做leavesb./sth.＋n./adj./adv./介词短语使某人/物成为或止于某种状态[金句推送](2021·全国甲卷)Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.南岸，泰晤士河东部的一个拐弯处，是英国滑板运动的中心，在那里，滑板的不断碰撞让你头晕。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Accidentsleftthepolicerunning(run)fromoneplacetoanother.②Theylaiddownthelittlehero，leavinghisfaceexposed(expose).③Hisparentsdied，lefthimanorphan. left→leaving[链接写作]——完成句子他们一起出去了，留下我自己坐在那里。Theywentofftogetherandleftmesittingthere.9．[教材原句]Thenew“whitebikes”werenotactuallywhitebutpaintedinbrightcolours.新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是用鲜艳的颜色粉刷的。not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，连接两个并列的句子成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一致。除了not...but...应用就近原则，常见的用就近原则的词组还有：either...or...；neither...nor...；notonly...butalso...等。[金句推送](2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.尽管在业余时间，他和钢琴家MariaRaspopova一起上台——不是作为一名音乐家，而是作为她的翻页者。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①EitherIorMarydecides(decide)totakepartinthecompetition.②NotonlyhisfriendsbutalsoTomwants(want)togotothecinema.③IdiditnobecauseIlikeditbutbecauseIhadtodoit.no→not[链接写作]——完成句子不是他说的话而是他做的事令人难忘。Itisnotthewordshesaysbutthethingshedoesareunforgettable.夯基固本——基础落实Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Icouldn'tbebothered(bother)togothroughtherigmaroleofchangingclothes.2．Thedrugisnotharmful(harm)itself,butisdangerouswhentakenwithalcohol.3．Ifyouwanttogetaheadinlife,youmustbecommittedtoachieving(achieve)yourdreams.4．Theresearchprojectinvolvestracking(track)thecareersof400graduates.5．Pleasetakecareofmymotherduringmyabsence(absent).Ⅱ．改正句中的错误。1．SuddenlyitoccurredmethatIcouldhavethebooksenttome. occurred后加to2．Onlyafewpeoplespokeinsupportabouttheproposal.about→of3．Thenewsleftmewonderwhatwouldhappennext. wonder→wondering4．Policeisinvestigatingthedisappearanceofayoungwoman.is→are5．Theeffectsofglobalwarming,whilearenotimmediate,arepotentiallycatastrophic. 去掉not前的areⅢ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Cigarettesmokeisalsoharmfultopeople'shealth.2．She'sbeenabsentfromworkforthreedays.3．Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.4．Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown.5．Wewillbecommittedtotheoldandnewservicestocustomers.查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Theworkinggroupwillbelookingforpracticalsolutions(solution)totheproblemsfacedbydoctors.2．Inmanytownsparking(park)isallowedonlyononesideofthestreet.3．Thecollegeisnotanofficially(official)recognizedEnglishlanguageschool.4．Theyhadfailedtorecognisesignsontheirinstrumentpanelindicating(indicate)aseriousproblemintheleftengine.5．MillionsofaudiencesvisitNationalArtMuseumofChinaannually(annual).Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Ifirstmadehisacquaintanceintheearly1960s.2．WhatIsaidisgoingtomakeadifferencetoyou.3．Thenumberofreportedcrimesisincreasingatanalarmingrate.4．Scientistshaveafairlynegativeattitudeto/towardsthetheory.5．Don'tyouknowVOAstandsfortheVoiceofAmerica?强技提能——语言运用Ⅰ．课文语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。Mostpeoplesufferfrom“Just­me­ism”．Youleavethetap1．running(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth，leavealightonwhenyougooutanddropapieceoflitter2．butnotpickitup，whichis3．harmful(harm)toourworld.JaneGoodall，4.whoisbest­knownforwildchimpanzees，setupRoots&Shoots.Itspurposeis5．toeducate(educate)youngpeopletohelptobuildafuturethatissecureandlivetogetherinpeace6.withnature.Rootsmove7.slowly(slow)underthegroundtomakeafirmfoundation，andshootsseemsmallandweak，buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthe