基本句子结构和并列句讲义-初中英语 外研版 八年级下册

初中英语外研版八年级下册基本句子结构和并列句【课前检查】Module7复习题一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1.Beforeyougoshopping,you’dbettermakeal.2.ThewoflittleBobwasfourkiloswhenhewasborn.3.Childrenshouldn’tdontheirparentsallthetime.4.Damingstudiesveryhard,sohe’smadegreatp.5.Helikestowearsinsummerbecauseofthehotweather.Keys:1.gress5.sunglassesModule6复习题1.Myteacherasksme________myhomeworkontime.A.finishB.tofinishC.finishedD.finishing2.Thebox_________toomuchroom,doesn’tit?A.picksupB.takesupC.climbsupD.getsup3.----I’m________hungry.----Wouldyoulike________chocolate?A.abit;alittleB.abitof;alittleC.alittle;abitD.abitof;abit4.Ididn’ttake________manyphotos________Tonydid.A.so;as B.so;that C.as;so D.thesame;as5.----Congratulations!You’vewonthefirstprize!----You________bejoking.A.can’tB.mayC.must D.could6.XuSongisapopularsinger.Hisnewsongswill_________nextmonth.A.comeinB.comeup

C.comeon

D.comeout7.IfyouseethecartoonTomandJerry,itwillmakeyou________alot.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughedKeys:BBAACDAModule4复习题完成句子1.我妹妹已经病了三天了。Mysister_____________________________________________threedays.2.每天服药两次，你会感觉好些的。_____________________________________________everydayandyou’llfeelbetter.3.那位90岁的老人身体状况很好。The90-year-oldmanis_____________________________________________.4.跑完步后，我浑身发热。I’m______________________________afterrunning.5.你应该积极参加户外运动。Youshould_____________________________________________outdooractivities.完成句子1.Mysisterhasbeenillforthreedays.2.Takethemedicinetwiceeverydayandyou’llfeelbetter.3.The90-year-oldmanisinexcellentcondition.4.I’mhotalloverafterrunning.5.Youshouldtakeanactivepartinoutdooractivities.【问题查找】一、请根据所讲内容写出划线部分的句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.7.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?8.Hesatthere.9.Henoticedamanentertheroom.10.Theapplestastedsweet.Keys:1.主语、定语；2.宾语3.谓语、状语4.定语5.状语宾语、状语7.间接宾语、直接宾语8.状语9.宾补10.表语二、单项选择题1.Becareful,_________youwillfalloffthebike.A.butB.andC.soD.or2.Edisonsaid,“Nevergiveup,_________you'llmakeit.”A.yetB.orC.andD.but3.LucyandLilyaretwins.Lucylikesplayingtabletennis,_________Lilydoesn't.A.orB.butC.andD.yet4.Mr.GreenknowslittleGerman,______hecan'tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.A.butB.soC.forD.orKeys:1-4DCBB【要点精讲】英语简单句的六种基本句型目标一：掌握句子的基本成分组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。1）Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。（名词）2）Helikesdancing.他喜欢跳舞。（代词）3）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.二十年在历史中是个很短的时间。(数词)4）Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。（动名词）5)Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。（不定式）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。1)WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语2)Heisasleep.他睡着了。3.表语（predicative）:表示主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，表语前面的动词称为系动词。1)Heisateacher.他是个老师（名词）2)Fiveandfiveisten.五加五等于十（数词）3)Heisasleep.他睡着了（形容词）4)Hisfatherisin.他的父亲在家（副词）5)Thepictureisonthewall.画在墙上。(介词短语)6)Thatsoundsgood那听起来很好。7)Tomlooksthin.汤姆看上去很瘦。常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来),look（看起来),feel(摸起来),smell（闻起来),taste（尝起来、吃起来),feel（感觉)等。4.宾语：动作、行为的对象1)IlikeChina.我喜欢中国。（名词）2)Youcanhelpme.你能帮助我。（代词）3)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.你们需要多少？我们需要两个。（数词）4)Ilikeplayingsoccer.我喜欢踢足球。（动名词）5)Iwanttohaveanapple.我想要吃个苹果。（不定式）6)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?你写下他所说的话了吗？（宾语从句）双宾语-----间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）Tom’smotherbuyhimsomebooks.汤姆的妈妈给他买了一些书。5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。1)Weelectedhimmonitor.我们选他当班长（名词）2)Wewillmakethemhappy.我们将让他们高兴。（形容词）3)Wefoundnobodyin.我们发现没人在里面。(副词)4)Hisfatherhelphimtodohishomework.他的父亲帮他做家庭作业。（带to不定式）6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。1)HeisaChineseteacher.他是个语文老师。（名词）2)Heisourfriend.他是我们的朋友。（代词）3)Ihavethreebooks.我有三本书。（数词）4)Heisagoodstudent.他是个好学生。（形容词）5)Theboyinredismybrother.穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语)7.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式等。1)Igotoschoolatseveno’clock.我在七点钟上学。2)Hereadsthebookintheroom.他在房间里看书。3)Idon’tlikethrillersbecausetheyarescary.我不喜欢恐怖片因为它们太吓人了。目标二：掌握简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语（+状语）主语系动词表语状语Thesebooksareinteresting.Tomisveryhappytoday.在此句式中，V是系动词(linkv．)，常见的系动词有：一

be动词类：

am,

is,are,was,were

二

表示变化类：become,

get,

turn,

grow,go

三

感官动词类：look,sound,smell,taste,feel,appear,seem

四

表示延续性的动词：remain,stay,keepe.g.1)Heisastudent.2)Hisfaceturnedred.3)Theappletastessweet.4)Thesoldierkeepsstill.2.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）主语谓语状语Thefirstbookcameoutin2009.Therainhasstopped.在此句式中，V是不及物动词(vi．)。

1)Thebellrang.2)Shecame．3)Myheadaches.

3.（状语+）主语+谓（及物动词+宾（+状语）状语主语谓语宾语状语Iboughtaverygoodbooklastweek.Everydaymymotherpreparesbreakfastforme.在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。

e.g.1)Henryboughtadictionary.2)Mikeatethreecakes.3)Shedrewabeautifulpicture.4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语+（状语）主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.Myfatherboughtmeaverygoodbikeonmybirthday.在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。e.g.1)Myfatherboughtmeacar.

2)Myfatherboughtacarforme.3)Hegavemethreeyuan.4)Hegavethreeyuantome.5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）主语谓语宾语宾语补足语状语Wecanhelpyoudevelopnewskills.stepbystep.Idonotwantyoutoworktoohard.Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。例如：e.g.1)Tommadethebabylaugh.2)Wemadehimourmonitor.3)Ican’tmakemyselfunderstood.4)Wewanttohavethedeskrepaired.6.There+be+主语（+状语）Therebe主语状语Therearemanybooksinhisschoolbag.Thereisaverynicecuponthetable.在此句式中，主语在be动词后面，当有两个并列的主语时，be动词的单复数采用“就近原则”并列句目标一：了解并列句的基本概念定义：并列复合句是指并列连词and,but,or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。目标二：掌握并列句的基本构成构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句目标三：掌握并列连词表达的关系3.并列连词前后简单句之间的关系： (1)并列关系:and,notonly...butalso,both...and... TheyarewatchingTV,andtheothersarelisteningtotheradio. (2)选择关系:or,either...or... Thechildrencangowithus,ortheycanstayathome. (3)转折关系:but,or Shewastired,butshedidnotstopworking. Bequiet,oryoucan’thearmeclearly. (4)因果关系:so Theweatherisverygood,sowecanhaveoutpartyintheopenair.目标四：掌握常见的连词词义4.常用的连词 And和、与 Both...and.........和......都 Notonly...butalso...不但......而且..... Or或者/否则 Either...or...或者......或者...... Neither...nor...既不......也不...... But但是 So所以/因此【查漏补缺】一、写出以下句子属于哪种基本句型。

1.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.

2.Mymothergivesmeabookasapresent.

3.Tonycaughtacoldyesterdayafternoon.

4.Helooksyoungerthanbefore.

5.StudentsoftenhelptheoldbuyvegetablesonSunday.

6.Therewillbeasportsmeetingtomorrowinourschool.Keys:1.主谓2.主谓宾宾3.主谓宾4.主系表5.主谓宾宾补6.therebe句型二、单项选择题—WouldyouliketocometomypartyonSaturday,Sam?—I’dloveto,________Ican’t.Ihavetotakeapianolesson. A.and B.butC.or2.—Anna,youwearanewdresstoday!—Itfitsmewell,________thecolourisnotmyfavourite. A.and B.so C.but3.We’regoingtoSuzhouAmusementParkinLinda’scar.Youcancomewithus________you canmeetustherelater. A.orB.butC.and4.Youmakelunch,______I’lltakecareofthebaby. A.butB.orC.and5.John,workhard______youwillmakemuchprogress. A.orB.norC.and6.Ithinktheactorisfamous,noneofmyfriendshaseverheardofhim. A.andB.or C.butKeys:1-6BCCCCC【梳理优化】一、归纳总结

1.英语句子成分主要包括、、、、、、等。英语句子基本句式主要有6种，如下：①②③④⑤⑥二、并列连词前后简单句之间的关系：(1)并列关系:and,notonly...butalso,both...and...(2)选择关系:or,either...or...(3)转折关系:but,or(4)因果关系:so【强化巩固】一、判断下列句子结构1.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.2.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching3.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.4.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.5.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．6.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Keys:1.主谓宾宾2.主谓宾3.主谓宾4.主谓宾宾补5.主系表6.主谓宾宾补二、单项选择1.Goingtothemoviesisgood,________Ireallyonlylikelisteningtomusic.A.andB.butC.soD.or2.Althoughhe'sover70,________heisfullofenergy.A.butB.andC.so D./3.Practicemore,________you'lllearnEnglishbetter.A.orB.soC.andD.but4.Whenyougetintotrouble,willyousolveitbyyourself________askothersforhelp?A.orB.andC.butD.so5.Itisraininghard,________thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.A.andB.butC.soD.becauseKeys:1-5BDCAB【课后练习】一、判断下列句子结构：Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.7.Theypushedthedooropen.8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Keys:1.主系表2.主谓宾3.主谓宾宾补4.主谓宾宾5.主谓宾6.主谓宾宾主谓宾宾补8.主谓宾宾二、用适当的连词填空1.JustnowIcalledyou,________youdidn'thear.2.Befriendlytoothers,________otherswillbefriendlytoyou.3.Cindydidn'tdecidewhethertogotoamovie________watchTVathome.4.TomorrowisSaturday.Wecangoforapicnic,________wecangosightseeing.5.It'sverycoldoutside,________childrenarestillhavingfuninthepark.Keys:1.but2.and3.or4.or5.but三、完形填空Whichisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage?Werememberedthatwealllearnedourownlanguagewhenwewere1.Ifwecanlearnasecondlanguageinthesameway，itwon’tseemtobeso2.Thinkofwhatsmallchildrendo.Theylistento3peoplesayandtheytrytoimitatewhatthey4.Whentheywant,something,theyhaveto5forit.Theyareusinglanguage,talking6itallthetime.If7useasecondlanguagelikethisallthetime,theywilllearnitmore8.Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatwelearnourownlanguagebyhearingpeoplespeakit,9byseeingwhattheywrite.Inschool,thoughyoulearntohearandspeak,toreadandwrite,youmustlearnallthenewwordsthroughtheears:youcanreadthem,spellthemandwritethem10.()1．A．boysB．girlsC．oldD．young()2．A．importantB．difficultC．interestingD．easy()3．A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where()4．A．seeB．listenC．hearD．speak()5．A．sendB．lookC．waitD．ask()6．A．inB．byC．onD．with()7．A．peopleB．teachersC．childD．workers()8．A．slowlyB．hardlyC．quicklyD．carefully()9．A．notB．andC．butD．then()10．A．firstB．earlierC．beforeD．LaterKeys:1-5.DBCCD6-10DACBD四、阅读理解Everyyear，alotofchildrenintheUSAgotosummercamps．Somegotoplayoutdoorsinthewoods，inthemountainsoronthelakes．Butfamiliesnowhavemanychoicesofspecialcamps．Thesecanbeinthemiddleofnatureorabigcity．Specialcampsofferyoungpeoplethechancetolearnaboutdifferentsubjects．Intechnologycamps，onesubjectthatchildrencanlearnaboutisvideogamedesign．Theylearnhowtousecomputerprogramstocreategamesoftheirown．OneprogramthatteachesvideogamedesigniscalledCybercamps．Childrencanlearnhowtodesigntheirownvirtual(实际上的)worldstosettheirvideogamein．Then，theyprogramtheirownrulesandobjectsintothegame．Cybercampsalsoofferscoursesinrobotbuildinga