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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中原工学院信息商务学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Don’tbeafraidofbees.Theydonotnormally()withoutbeingprovoked.

问题1选项

A.sing

B.bite

C.prick

D.thrust

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sing“唱歌”;B选项bite“咬”;C选项prick“戳,扎破”;D选项thrust“插,插入”。句意:不要害怕蜜蜂。如果没有挑衅,它们通常不会()人。蜜蜂是咬人,因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Themarketingofindustrialproductsnecessitatedlarge-scalestoragespaces,andenormousshopssellingunderoneroofawidevarietyofitems.

问题1选项

A.identified

B.replaced

C.required

D.supplied

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项identify“确定,鉴定,识别”,B项replace“取代,代替,替换”,C项require“需要,要求”,D项supply“供给,提供”。句意:工业产品的营销需要大规模的存储空间,以及一个可以销售各种各样商品的巨大商店。necessitate在句中表示“需要”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此,该题选择C项。

3.单选题

VinceCable’sdecisionnottocometoOxfordbecauseofapeacefulprotestisoneofthemostcowardlyactsbyaBritishpoliticianinlivingmemory.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.effective

C.fearful

D.cautious

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sensible明智的,理智的B.effective有效的

C.fearful惧怕的,胆怯的,担心的D.cautious小心的,谨慎的(谨慎说话和行事,尤其是为了避免危险或错误)

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】cowardly的意思为“胆小的,怯懦的”,指的是因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学是懦弱的行为,fearful与之词义相近,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】文斯•凯布尔因为和平示威而决定不去牛津大学,这是人们记忆中英国政治家最懦弱的行为之一。

4.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…,应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”,故需要改为applyfor。

5.单选题

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould()mycold.

问题1选项

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:heat“使温暖,使发热”;B:cure“治疗,治愈”;C:treat“对待;治疗”;D:recover“恢复;重新获得”。句意:假如这种药我一天吃两次,它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境,和感冒相关,故B为正确答案。

6.单选题

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause(

).

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT(

).

问题1选项

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

问题2选项

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.当疼痛非常严重时,它让我无法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡觉,我努力去睡着,但是睡觉如同一个窗帘样在我的面前飘动”确定C选项“她身体非常不好”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问作者不喜欢吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.这里没有太多我想吃的东西:剩下的东西有一把芹菜、一块染了蓝色的面包尾部和一个正变软的柠檬”确定A选项“新鲜”正确;B选项“充足的”、C选项“营养的”和D选项“可口的”不正确。

7.单选题

However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

问题1选项

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“推翻”;B选项“超过”;C选项“抵消,弥补”;D选项“压迫”。句意:然而金属制品工业能够()钢铁工业的衰退。由于金属制成品产业和钢铁工业不存在竞争关系,甚至会存在某种互补关系,所以A,B,D排除,答案选C。

8.单选题

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol(礼仪)governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(专家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto(

).

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans(

).

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

问题2选项

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

问题3选项

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

问题4选项

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

问题5选项

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后两句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如罗伯特•路易斯•史蒂文森曾经说过,每个人靠卖东西为生。商务名片促进了这一努力。”由此可知,人们递商务名片是为了卖产品,选项C符合上下文语境,为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在镀金时代,拥有名片并不意味着你有兴趣结成商务关系,而是你有遗产,所以你不需要为生计犯愁。”由此可知题干句子的意思应该指从祖先那里得到一大笔遗产之意。oldmoney意为“祖传遗产”,故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他们的日子就是在社交活动中打发的”可知选项C符合文意;由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理这些社交活动的礼仪与正确使用卡片有着千丝万缕的联系”可知他们在社交活动中交换名片是需遵守复杂的礼仪规范,因此选项D没错,以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大战前,你会发现所有的礼仪手册里面整个章节都在讨论这样的问题:一个单身男士是否可以给女士递名片。”可知选项B无误;选项A文章中没有提及,因此答案选A。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我们今天用于商业目的的卡片是19世纪社会名片的俗化,是一种具有完全不同目的的工艺品。”以及文章第三段第一句中“Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商业版本(名片)出现在世纪之交……”;由此推断选项D最符合句子意思。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在镀金时代,拥有商业名片不是意味着你有兴趣结成商务关系,而是因为你有遗产,所以你衣食无忧”,可知C选项是正确的表述;第二段中对于19世纪名片发展历史的细节描述,名片主要用于单纯的社交,一战中礼仪指南提到名片是由青年男性向女士递交。由此推断选项D和选项B都是正确的描述。故只有选项A中的描述文章没有提到。

9.单选题

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

问题1选项

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

问题2选项

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

问题3选项

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

问题4选项

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】67.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.(但是,由于不同的政府行为者被赋予不同的权力,受到不同的限制,如果不知道是谁违反了宪法,就无法确定宪法是否被违反了)可知选B选项“宪法赋予和限制不同的官员不同的权力”;A选项“一个特定的政府行为者已经超越了权力的授予”,C选项“不同的政府角色被赋予不同的权力”以及D选项“不同的政府行为者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.(如果宪法被违反了,人民必须知道是谁违反了宪法,这样他们才能知道该责怪谁,该投票反对谁,该弹劾谁)可知“whoquestion”涉及到A选项“违反宪法的人”以及C选项“人民对宪法的了解”,只有人民对宪法有了解,才能知道如何责怪,投票以及弹劾;第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.(谁的问题也确立了司法审查的两种基本形式)可知“whoquestion”涉及到B选项“司法审查的基本形式”;在原文中“whoquestion”没有涉及D选项“公众对政府官员的意见”。因此D选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.(这种对立法行为的司法审查与行政行为的司法审查之间的基本二分法,就是宪法的组织二分法)可知选C选项“立法行动和行政行动”;A选项“‘成文法面临的挑战’和‘成文法已应用的挑战’”,B选项“法规和政府角色”以及D选项“立法行为的司法审查和行政行为的司法审查”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

70.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干关键字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.(对立法行为的司法审查与对行政行为的司法审查是两个形式上、结构上、时间上完全不同的项目。这些基本差异决定了司法审查的结构和实质),“enterprises”本身表示企业,但是根据原文,探讨的内容是宪法的问题,和商业无关,排除C选项“商业活动”和D选项“商业公司”;B选项“参与的勇气和意愿”并不是原文所表达的内容;从原文可以判断出“enterprises”表示“项目”,A选项“项目”符合原文。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut(

)lightlyintheafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同义词辨析。句意:证券交易所今早股价大跌,下午略有回升。

Regain重新获得(所有权);recover恢复;restore恢复...存在或使用;revive恢复;复兴,多指某国或某一区域经济萧条后振兴。因此这里选B合适。

11.单选题

Knowntoeveryman,woman,andchildinthetown,().

问题1选项

A.friendswereneverlackingtomygrandfather

B.mygrandfatherwasnotlackingtowardhisfriends

C.mygrandfatherwasnotlackingnofriends

D.mygrandfatherneverlackedfriends

【答案】D

【解析】考查语态和时态。根据固定搭配belackinginsth(缺少……;缺乏……)可知A选项以及B选项错误;C选项双重否定表示肯定,语境错误且搭配不对;D选项中lacked做谓语动词,时态和前文的known对应,语法正确且句意完整,因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Thegeographicallocationofacountryanditsphysical(1)areveryimportanttoitsdevelopmentand

(2)

.TheUnitedStatesisvery

(3)inthis

(4)

.

(5)

,ithasgood

(6)

Inalmostevery

(7)

ofthecountryitispossibletolive

(8)

duringthewholeyear.Itistruethatinthesouthitsometimesgetsveryhotandinthenorthverycold.Butthepeoplewholiveintheseregionsbecome

(9)

totheclimateandnever

(10)

muchwhentheweatheriteitherveryhotorverycold.Inalargecountrythereisusuallyagreat

(11)

ofdifferentphysicalcharacteristics.IntheUnitedStates,therearewideplainsandhighmountains,thousandsoflakesandriversofall

(12)

,coolforestsandhotdeserts,andacoastlineseveralthousandmileslong.Themanylakesandrivers,

(13)

thelongcoastline,havebeen

(14)

greatimportancetothedevelopmentofthecountry,sincetheymadepossibletheeasy(15)

ofthepeopleandallthethingspeople

(16)

.Shipsandboatsarestillnecessaryandimportant.Inmodem

(17)

.

(18)

,trains,automobiles,trucksandairplanesaredoingmuchofthe

(19)

whichwas(20)donebyshipsandboats.

问题1选项

A.position

B.character

C.characteristics

D.differences

问题2选项

A.advance

B.progress

C.marching

D.prospect

问题3选项

A.fortunate

B.luck

C.happy

D.favorable

问题4选项

A.area

B.region

C.meaning

D.respect

问题5选项

A.Inaword

B.Firstofall

C.Afterall

D.Overall

问题6选项

A.climate

B.atmosphere

C.weather

D.air

问题7选项

A.part

B.section

C.expanse

D.sector

问题8选项

A.leisurely

B.idly

C.comfortably

D.pleasantly

问题9选项

A.accustomed

B.co-operative

C.prepared

D.adjustable

问题10选项

A.damage

B.suffer

C.fear

D.frightened

问题11选项

A.variety

B.amount

C.many

D.deal

问题12选项

A.areas

B.sizes

C.bigness

D.volumes

问题13选项

A.aswellas

B.besides

C.exceptfor

D.inadditionto

问题14选项

A.of

B.to

C.in

D.as

问题15选项

A.mobilization

B.extension

C.transportation

D.connections

问题16选项

A.longfor

B.need

C.eat

D.have

问题17选项

A.epoch

B.age

C.times

D.era

问题18选项

A.however

B.whereas

C.otherwise

D.moreover

问题19选项

A.job

B.work

C.occupation

D.profession

问题20选项

A.formally

B.lately

C.recently

D.formerly

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】(1)词义与词形辨析。文章第一句话的意思是“一个国家的地理位置及其环境特征对于这个国家的发展和进步十分重要”,根据句意确定B选项和C选项意思都符合,再根据下文的“hot”和“cold”可知此处表示“环境特征”时应该用复数,所以C选项正确。

(2)词义与词形辨析。And连接的两个词表示并列,与development并列,表示“进步”,B选项的progress最合适。

(3)语法逻辑关系。根据关键词very可知此处应该填入一个形容词,B选项排除。并且根据文章第三句中的关键词good可以推断出此处填入一个积极的词汇,A选项的fortunate“幸运的”,C选项的happy“幸福的”和D选项的favorable“有利的,赞许的”,A选项的fortunate符合题意。

(4)词组及固定搭配。inthisrespect“在这个方面”,D选项正确。

(5)词义与词形辨析。A选项的inaword“总之,简言之”,总结前文所述;B选项的firstofall“首先”,连接上下文;C选项的afterall“毕竟,终究”:D选项的overall“从头到尾”,文章在此处是对美国优越的地理位置及其环境特征进行列举说明,B选项符合题意。

(6)词义与词形辨析。A选项的climate一般指比较长的时间气候状况,B选项的atmosphere侧重于指氛围或者大气,C选项的weather—般指特定地区在一定时间的气象情况,D选项的air常常指空气,根据下文“Itistruethatinthesouthsometimesgetsveryhotandinthenorthverycold”可知此处应指气候。A选项正确。

(7)词义与词形辨析。part和section都可以表示“部分”。section更具体,往往是一个整体分成了几块,而一个section就是其中一块,part可以用的范围更广泛一些,也可以抽象一些,它的大小是很模糊的,所以当表示“在这个国家的每个部分”时应该用section。

(8)词义与词形辨析。A选项的leisurely“悠闲地,从容地”;B选项的idly“无所事事地,懒惰地”;C选项的comfortably“舒适地”;D选项的pleasantly‘‘愉快地,和蔼地”,上文已说明美国的自然特性好,因此这里应指在美国,差不多在每个地区,人们整年都有可能生活得很舒服,C选项的comfortably符合题意。

(9)词组及固定搭配。becomeaccustomedto习惯于”。

(10)词义与词形辨析。A选项的damage“损害”;B选项的suffer“遭受,忍受,受痛苦”;C选项的fear“恐惧,害怕”;D选项的frightened“使吃惊,吓走”,上文说到,南方有时会很热,北方有时会很冷,但生活在那里的人已经习惯了那种气候,当天气非常热或非常冷的时候并不会遭受很多痛苦。所以B选项suffer正确。

(11)词组及固定搭配。A选项的agreatvarietyof“各种各样的”;B选项的agreatamountof“大量的”;;C选项的agreatmanyof“大量的”,D选项的agreatdealof“大量的”此处的句意是“大国家通常有各种各样不同的环境特征”,所以A选项正确。

(12)词组及固定搭配。riversofallsizes“大大小小的湖泊,各种规模的河流”。

(13)词义与词形辨析。A选项的aswellas“也,还,和”,连接两个并列成分;B选项的besides着重于指“另外还有”;C选项的exceptfor多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定,还引出相反的原因或细节,从而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味;D选项的inadditionto“除之外还”。这句话的句意是‘许多湖泊和河流和漫长的海岸线,对国家的发展起到了非常重要的作用。’所以A选项正确。

(14)词组及固定搭配。beof“具有的性质”。

(15)词义与词形辨析。A选项的mobilization‘动员,调动‘;B选项的extension‘延长,扩展’;C选项的transportation‘运输,交通’;D选项的connections‘连接,关系’。上文中提到的湖泊和长长的海岸线是对运输有利的,故此处的意思应该为“使便利的运输成为可能”,所以C选项正确。

(16)词义与词形辨析。A选项的longfor‘渴望’;B选项的need‘需要’;C选项的eat‘吃’;D选项的have‘有’。句子意思为“众多的湖泊、河流以及长长的海岸线使得人的交通和人们所需物品的运输成为可能,故对国家的发展意义重大”,所以B选项正确。

(17)词义与词形辨析。A选项的epoch正式用词,侧重指以某重大事件或巨大变化为起点的新的历史时期;B选项的age常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期;C选项的times侧重某一特定时期,inmodemtimes表示“当今,现代”;D选项的era书面语用词,指历史上的纪元、年代,可与epoch和age互换。C选项正确。

(18)语法逻辑关系。文章最后两句的意思是说“船舶在运输方面起到了重要作用,但是在现代,火车、汽车、卡车和飞机在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,两个句子是一个转折的关系,所以A选项‘however’符合题意。

(19)词义与词形辨析。A选项的job指具体的职业或零工,是可数名词;B选项的work指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动,是不可数名词;C选项的occupation指一个人经常担任的工作,不论是否领取工资;D选项的profession指人的职业。句子意思是“火车、汽车、卡车和飞机在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,B选项符合题意。

(20)词义与词形辨析。A选项的formally“正式地,形式上”;B选项的lately“近来,不久前”;C选项的recently“最近”;D选项的formerly“以前,原来”,句子意思是“火车、汽车、卡车和飞机在做很多以前由船舶所做的工作”,D选项符合题意。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家,都将目光投向了中国,并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信,中国加入世贸组织后,外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多,自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

14.单选题

Myaunt()abrightly-coloredthreadroundherfingersoasnottoforgetherappointment.

问题1选项

A.wound

B.curved

C.spun

D.bent

【答案】A

【解析】wind缠绕;curve使弯曲;spin旋转;bend弯曲。句意:阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线,这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。

15.单选题

Ifwouldbedifficultforoneso()tobeledtobelievethatallmenareequalandthatwemustdisregardrace,color,andcreed.

问题1选项

A.emotional

B.broadminded

C.tolerant

D.intolerant

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。emotional“感情的”;broadminded“愿意听取不同意见的”;tolerant“忍耐的”;intolerant“不能容忍的,偏狭的”。句意:很难让偏狭的人相信众人是平等的,我们拒绝种族、肤色、宗教。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

问题1选项

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffectec

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