“科技英语语法”复习题

-生命不息--生命不息--奋斗不上-6-奋斗不上-6“科技英语语法”复习题一、英译汉Allthesatelliteneedsinordertomoveinitsorbitistheinitialspeedgivenitbythecarrierrocket.卫星为了在其轨道上运行，只需要运载火箭给它的初速度。Familiartoallwithbuttheslightestexposuretoscientificliterature,thismodelshowstheatomasaminiaturesolarsystem.这个模型把原子表示为一个微型的太阳系统这点对于稍微了解科学文献的所有人都是熟悉的。Thisanalysisyieldsathermalresistancefromtheferritetothecoolantchannelwallofapproximately36°C/W.这个分析得出了从铁氧体到冷却剂通道壁的热阻大约为36°C/W。Instabilityisthetendencyincertainsystemsofaquantityassociatedwithenergy,suchascurrent,toincreaseindefinitelyintheabsenceofexcitation.下无限增加的趋势。Eachnewdevelopmentisnaturallyatfirstveryimperfectentitiestheywerebelievedtobe.每一个新的发展在最初是很不完善的，而且如果有人的话也没有几个人能认识到它的可行性。Inthecaseofthetheoryofrelativity,spaceandtimearenottheindependententitiestheywerebelievedtobe.在相对论的情况下，空间和时间不是过去人们总把它们认为的那样是独立的东西。Theabsenceofatmosphereinspacewillallowthespacetelescopetoshowscientistslightsourcesasfaras14-billionlightyearsaway,someseventimesfartheroutthanthosevisibletothebiggestground-basedopticaltelescopes.由于太空中不存在大气，所以科学家们可以通过太空望远镜看到远达140亿光年的光源，也就是比最大的地基光学望远镜所能看到的远大约6倍。Theturningoftheearthonitsownaxisiswhatmakesthechangefromdaytonight.地球的自传是引起昼夜交替变化的原因。Ineveryatominitsnormalstate,thenumberofprotonsequalsthenumberofelectrons,afactwhichisdirectlyrelatedtotheelectricalpropertiesoftheprotonandtheelectron.关。InpracticeweusuallyhavetofindhowlargetomakersoasforRr(b)tobelessthansomepermissibleerror.在实践中，我们通常必须找出r为多大，以至于Rr(b)低于某个不允许的误差。Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960s,lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond.作为20世纪60年代引入的一项新技术，激光能穿透像金刚这样最坚硬的物质。Measuringanythingmeanscomparingitwithsomestandardtoseehowmanytimesasbigitis.测量任何东西意味着把它和某标准相比然后看它是该标准的多少倍那么大。Faradaywasunabletocalculatethevelocityofpropagationofelectromagneticwaves,ataskwhichrequiredthemathematicalprecisionofMaxwell,whichFaradayentirelylacked.法拉第当时不能计算出电磁波的传播速度尔数学精度，而法拉第是根本不具备的。Iwouldliketothankthestudentswhopassedthroughmyhands,foritwastheywho,throughtheyears,helpedmetorefine,myinitialhesitanteffortsfromwhichthecontentsofthisvolumehavebeendeveloped.生了本书的内容。Itistheexistenceofandtheabilitytocontrolpreciselythesetwoindependentcharge-transportmechanismsthatmakepossiblealljunctionsemiconductordevices.正是由于这两种独立的电荷传送机制的存在并且能够对它们进行精确的控制，使得所有的结型半导体器件成为了可能。Inthetable,anotationofinfiniteimpedanceindicatesthattheterminatingimpedanceshouldbeaminimumof10to100timesthenominalimpedanceatthespecificport,andzerothatitshouldbewelllessthanatenththenominalimpedanceattheportandlessthanahundredthifpossible.10到100可能的话远小于特定端口标称阻抗的百分之一。Byafamilyofcurvesismeantaspecifiedsetofcurveswhichsatisfygivenconditions.所谓曲线族指的是能满足给定条件的一组特定的曲线。Superimposedupontheseconsiderationsistheneedtoconserveenergyandmaterialresources.除了这些考虑因素之外我们还需要节省能源和材料的资源。Fig.3showshowitisthatacoilofwireinducesacurrentinanothercoilwhenthecurrentinitisturnedonoroff.图3表示当一个线圈中的电流被中断时，它究竟如何在另一个线圈中感应到电流。Shouldthesebombersencountersuchansystem,theresultscouldbefatal.一旦轰炸机遇到这种空防系统，其结果是致命的。Suchsourcessuffer,however,fromastrongfrequencyroll-offandtheresultingpowerlevelsaretypicallylimitedtoaboutafewtensofmicrowattsat1THZ.然而这一源容易遭受频率的急降，在1T瓦。MaterialsthatdirectlyconvertradiationintoelectricitycouldproduceaneweraofspacecraftandevenEarth-basedvehiclespoweredbyhighpowerednuclearbatteries.将辐射直接转换为电的材料可能将产生一个以大功率核电磁为动力的宇宙飞船甚至地基运载工具的新时代。Thematerialstheyaretestingwouldextractupto20timesmorepowerfromradioactivedecaythanthermoelectricmaterialsdofromthat.正在实验的材料从放射性衰变中取得的电能是温插电材料从放射性衰变中取得电能的20倍。Testsoflayeredtilesofcarbonnanotubespackedwithgoldandsurroundedbylithiumhydrideareunderway.对碳纳米管（管内充满黄金，管外一氢化铝）夹层瓦的实验正在进行。Devicesbasedontheradioactivematerialcouldbesmallenoughtopoweranythingfrominterplanetaryprobestoaircraftandlandvehicles.利用放射性物质的装置可以做得很小具提供动力。Thetechnique,calledgaitanalysis,worksonthepremisethatitisextremelydifficulttodisguiseyourwalkingway.的。However,criticssaytherearedoubtsthatimagestakeninorbitwillbesharpenoughtobeusedasidentification.Therearealsoconcernsthatweatherandvisibilitywillaffectthequality.同时也需考虑到天气和可见度也会影响到图像质量。Thisaccountsfortheobservationthattheresistivityofametalincreaseswithtemperature.这一点解释了人们观察到的情况：金属的电阻率随温度的增加而增加的。Thequestionariseswhetherthisequationappliestoallcases.出现了这个问题：这个等式是否适用于各种情况。Nosimpleelectriccomponentactsasacurrentsourcethewayabatteryactsasavoltagesource.任何简单电子元件均不能像电池被用作为电压源那样被用作为电流源。Whatworriesnuclearphysicistsisthesafedisposalofnuclearwaste.使核物理学家担忧的是如何安全地处理核废料的问题。ThesafetyandspeedoftheInternetarewhatmatters.因特网的安全和速度是关键的。Thecenterofcurvatureofasphericalconcavemirroristhecenterofthesphereofwhichthemirrorisapart.球型凹面镜曲率中心是该镜子所处球体的中心。Withnanotechnologytohelp,wecanlearntorepairourbodies.因为有了纳米技术的帮助，所以我们能学着修复我们的人体。Insensitivetoadversetemperaturechanges,dustandvibration,thebubblememoryshowssuperiorreliabilityinshopenvironment.可靠性。Shortpasswordshavetoofewpermutationstopreventtheirbeingguessedbyrepeatedtrials.短密码的排列太少了以至于我们不能通过反复试猜出来。Theoppositepolesofamagnetcannotbeseparatedfromoneanotherthewayoppositeelectricchargescan.磁体的两个相反的极不能像相反的电荷那样被彼此分割开来。Atthattime,onlyafewscientistsacceptedtheideathattherehadbeenalargeislandinwhatisnowthedeepestpartofthissea.当时，只有几位科学家相信这一事实，在现在的海洋最深处曾存在一个大岛屿。二、汉译英1、顾名思义，电流就是电的流动。Asthenameshows,anelectriccurrentistheflowofelectricity.2、晶体管与电子管相比有许多优点。Transistorshavemanyadvantagesoverelectrontubes.3、电阻越大，其消耗的能量就越多。Thelargertheresistance(is),themoreenergyitwilldissipates.4、该电容器上的电压为零点零几伏。Thevoltageacrossthiscapacitorisafewhundredthsofavolt.5、这所大学与五年前大不一样了。Theuniversityisquitedifferentfromwhatitwasfiveyearsago.6、有证据表明导体的电阻随温度的变化是很小的。Thereisevidencethatthevariationoftheresistanceofaconductorwithtemperatureisverysmall.7、现有的窗户均承受不了这么大的力。Nowindowsavailablecanwithstandsolargeaforce.8、本文所讲的内容值得一读。Whatthisbookdescribesisworthreading.9、天线能接收在周围可能存在的任何信号。Anantennareceivesanysignaltheremaybeabout.10、AC可以被转换成DC，这一过程被称为整流。ACcanbechangedintoDC,aprocesscalledrectification.11、中国具有数倍于法国那么大的面积。ChinahasseveraltimesaslargeanareaasFrance(does).12、这条电缆长达一千公里。Thiscableisaslongas1000meters.13、电容器存储电荷的能力取决于几个因素。Theabilityofacapacitortostorechargesdependsonafewfactors.14、电流来自何方是没有关系的。Itmakesnodifferencewherethecurrentcomesfrom.15Itisnotclearyetunderwhatconditionsitisthatthismethodmaybeused.16、有待于证明这个方程在此是否成立。Itremainstobeshownwhetherthisequationholdshere.17、这两个数按什么顺序加起来是没有关系的。Itdoesnotmaterinwhatorderthesetwonumbersareadded.18、图1-5画出了输入随输出的变化情况。Fig.1-5showsthevariationofoutputwithinput.19、温度计不能指示出液体中存在的热量。Athermometercannotindicatetheamountofheatthereisinaliquid.20、磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这一性质称为磁性。Amagnetattractsironmaterial,apropertyreferredtoasmagnetism.21、电容越大，其储存的电荷就越多。Thelargerthecapacitanceis,themorechargesitstore.22、这些因素确定了电容器储存电荷的能力。Thesefactorsdeterminetheabilityofacapacitortostorecharges.23、构成水的元素是氢和氧。Theelementofwhichwaterconsistarehydrogenandoxygen.24、必须利用这个式子来求出该物体运动的距离。Itisnecessarytousethisequationtofindoutthedistancethroughwhichthebodymoves.25、电流等于电压除以电阻。Anelectriccurrentisequaltovoltagedividedbyresistance.26、这种特殊的电子设备是那个厂制造的。Thisspecialkindofelectronicdevicewasmadebythatfactory.27Theoppositionthataconductorofferstotheflowofelectronsiswhatwecallresistance.、他们不知道这个电流到底朝哪个方向流动。Theydon’tknowinwhichdirectionitisthatthiscurrentflows.29、弹性是物体在形变后恢复到其原状的趋势。Elasticityisthetendencyofabodytoreturntoitsoriginalstateafterbeingdeformed.30、我们只需要测量该电容器上的电压。Allweneeddoitmeasurethevoltageacrossthecapacitor.31、物体运动的方向也是很重要的。Thedirectionabodymovesisalsoveryimportant.32、这个电流流过的电阻器是很小的。Theresistanceofaresistorthroughwhichthecurrentflowsisverysmall.33、我们必须确定为提起这块石头需要多大的力。Itisnecessaryforustodeterminehowlargeaforceisrequiredtoliftthisstone.34、电阻越大，电容器达到其最大电压所需的时间越长。Thegreatertheresistance,thelongerittakesforthecapacitortoreachitsmaximumvoltage.35、现在出现了这么个问题：这规则是否适合于解非线性方程呢？Thequestionnowariseswhetherthisruleissuitableforsolvingnon-linearequations.36、使自行车成为今天这个样子花了很长的时间。Ittookaverylongtimeforthebiketobecomewhatitistoday.37、这是一个以原点为圆心的圆。Thisisacirclewiththeoriginasitscenter.38、有人建议在太空制造药物。Itissuggestthatdrugshouldbemadeinspace.三、改错1、本文主要论述对这种信号进行Wiener滤波及其LMS算法。ThispapermainlydealswiththeWienerfilteringandLMSalgorithmofsuchsignals.正：Thispaper[dealsmainly]withtheWienerfilteringand[the]LMSalgorithm[for]suchsignals.2、这些特点使电子对抗系统难于对这种信号截获、分析和干扰。Thesefeaturesmakeelectroniccounter-measuresystemsdifficulttointerceptandanalyzethiskindofsignalandjam.正：Thesefeaturesmake[itdifficultfor]electroniccounter-measuresystems[]interceptandanalyzethiskindofsignalandjam.3、最后，提出了实现这种方法应注意的一些问题和解决办法。Intheend,wepresentsomeproblemsthatdeservetobenotedinimplementingthismethodandsolvingways.正：[Finally],wepresentsomeproblemsthatdeserveto