最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教

形容词一•定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的作用，见下表：作用例句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如：Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white（表示人种等）。例如：Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。女如Theyarethestudentseasytoteach.他们是很容易较的学生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？三•以-ly结尾的形容词1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错：（错）Shesanglovely.（错）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（对）Hersingingwaslovely.（对）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。副词•定义:副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。:•副词的位置:1）在实义动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语说得好。副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）IverylikeEnglish.（对）IlikeEnglishverymuch.注意：副^enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词Enough放在名词前后都可。例如：Idon\'tknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。兼有两种形式的副词close与closelyclose意思是\"近\"；closely意思是\"仔细地\"。例如：Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我边上。Watchhimclosely.盯着他。late与latelylate意思是\"晚\"；lately意思是\"最近\"。例如：Youhavecometoolate.你来得太晚了。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?近来好吗？deep与deeplydeep意思是\"深\",表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\"深深地\"。例如：Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.老爸也被电影深深打动了。high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：Theplanewasflyinghigh.这架飞机飞得很高。Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.你的看法很有道理。wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是\"广泛地\",\"在许多地方\"。例如：Heopenedthedoorwide.他把门开得大大的。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。free与freelyfree的意思是\"免费\"；freely的意思是\"无限制地\"。例如：Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。五•各种类型副词的位置英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：Wearelivinghappily.我们幸福的生活着。Herunsslowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:Theywenttotheparkyesterdaymorning.昨天上午他们去公园了。IheardhimsingEnglishsongsoverthere.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。Hedrovethejeepcarefully.他小心地开着吉普。注意:有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：YesterdayIgotuplate.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如:Heisseldomill.他很少生病。Youmustalwaysrememberthis.你一定要记住这一点。Ioftenwritetomyparents.我经常写信给父母。Doyouusuallygotoschoolonfoot.你经常走路去上学？HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从来没有去过北京。注意:有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimesshegoestoschoolbybusandsometimesshegoestoschoolbybike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：That'squiteearly.那很早。Inearlymissedthebus.我几乎错过了公交车。Shedidratherbadly.她干得相当糟。她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：Sheseldomgoesoutatnight.她晚上很少出门。Iamneverlateforschool.我上学从不迟到。Wehadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：Whencanyoucome?你什么时候来？Howmanydaysarethereinamonth?一个月有多少天？Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?长大以后，你打算干什么？Wherewereyouborn?你是在那里出生的？Whydidn'thecome?他为什么没有来？同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：Themeetingwillbeheldintheclassroomtomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。HewatchedTVinhisroomlastnight.他作晚在房间里看电视。TheyarrivedinBeijingat8o'clocklastevening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late,wide,well,fast,easy,early等Theroadissowidethat8busescangothrowitatatime.Openyourmouthwide.形容词副词练习一.基础练习IfIhad,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenoughTheseorangestaste.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewellHowbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard.A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoiceIwouldbe,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpfulThoseT-shirtsareusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)priceof$19intheshoppingcenter.A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinaryMrSmithboughtapurseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleatherHowwasyourjobinterview?Oh,Icouldn'tfeel.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happierLongjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthinkA.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostlyCanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish?IregrettotellyouherEnglishisyours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchasAlthoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehimforit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.nolessWhentheycamein,MrHarrislikeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleepThisyeartheyhaveproducedgraintheydidlastyear.A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；thanCanIhelpyou?Well,I'mafraidtheboxisheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.tooHowdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?Ithoroughlyenjoyit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinterestingC.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinterestingWouldyoulikesomewine?Yes,just.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebitIttakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it'sbyroad.A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quickerIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertimeI'msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simpleThesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechoseoneasshedidn'twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensiveboxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya二•提高练习Toplantthetree,wemustdig.A.athreefeetdeepholeB.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeepD.athree-feet-deepholeIthinkheisoneofthebestmenyou'vefound.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.oncetheboy'sgrown!Heisalmosthisfather.A.What,astallasB.What,tallerthanC.How,astallasD.How,tallerthanIhaven'tgotnailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbigB.bigenoughC.muchbiggerD.manyenoughHenryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellasB.nolessthanC.andstillmoreD.andstillless—Thedishisdelicious!—Well,atleastit'stheoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellasD.nobetterthan一Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?—Yes.Youcouldn'thopeforatthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.anicerdayD.thenicestdayItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.bestB.goodC.wellD.worseWiththehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproducedVCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethanC.astwicemanyD.twiceasmanyIhadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame.A.morethanB.asmanyC.asmuchD.lessthan一Whydidn'tyougotothecinemalastnight?Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farlessB.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurtherThepopulationofmanyAlaskancitieshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.A.largerthanB.morethanC.asgreatlyasD.asmuchas一Thisisagoodplaceforapicnic.Yes,itcouldn'tbe.A.betterB.bestC.worstD.worse一HowdoyoulikeyourteacherofEnglish?Well,nooneteacheshere.A.wellB.poorlyC.bestD.betterInthepoorpartsofAmerica'sbigcitiesthereisalot