使用PacketTracer设计小型网络

使用CiscoPacketTracer设计小型网络――网络管理实验报告一、 实验目的1．掌握OSPF以及RIP等路由协议的原理与配置方法2．掌握路由器、二层交换机、三层交换机的基本配置。3．掌握网络拓扑三层结构以及子网划分4．学习怎样设计小型网络二、 实验原理使用cisco模拟器PacketTracer来模拟网络的设计、架构，按照网络拓扑来进行子网规划及划分VLAN,通过使用基本配置命令及ospf、RIP等路由协议、路由重发布技术来配置核心层的路由器、汇聚层的交换机以及接入层的PC机,最终使得每一个三层交换机下相同VLAN中的PC机能互相通信,而不同VLAN下的PC机不能通信,且整个网络中不同三层交换机下的每一台PC机都能与其他三层交换机下的PC相互通信。三、 实验设计1.网络拓扑图设计总体设计核心层：12台cisco28系列路由器,用DTE线相连,在每台交换机上配置ospf路由协议。将14台路由划分为3个区域，areaO(管理区域)、areal、area2,并实现各个自治区域之间的通信,以及各个自治区域和外部区域的通信(配置“路由重分发”)。汇聚层：4台cisco35系列三层交换机，三层交换机与路由器之间选用直通双绞线连接,三层交换机与二层交换机之间选用交叉双绞线连接,汇聚层区域采用rip协议。汇聚层交换机与接入层交换机之间使用干道技术，二层交换机通过vtp向三层交换机学习VLAN。接入层：接入层共有16台cisco29系列二层交换机，每4台连接到一台三层交换机下，二层交换机与PC通过直通双绞线相连。各层拓扑

图1:核心层路由器拓扑图汇聚层网络用于将分布在不同位置的子网连接到核心层网络，实现路由汇聚的功能。拓扑图如下：图3汇聚层整体图puL接入层网络用于将终端用户计算机接入到网络之中，拓补图如下。puLr-2*-tngr-2*3B9MT-349MhL?—=i)_■■Ln加1EljpkMT「•■[•叩lLsrtn&E_..■■■'■-—_Til—=i)_■■Ln加1EljpkMT「•■[•叩lLsrtn&E_..■■■'■-—_TilfntiK2-II1LapTCfl-FTp匚

、七巴0二_.,a匚■■PCSp=PC-PTFLTYIO

VILV12

血IE.Cl币X礎1JEI.Q细l卷W.u.凸.L磴ifi.aa.L.qs也J中的壬机LaatcciiLaplg2L耳T心ECa.JMFiFiE^=s>m如cc«l—L=PCFTRT.-FT-PC11PC-FTPCL&接入层局部图2.IP地址规划设计和子网划分按实验要求分配到的A类ip地址为，按实验要求借位9~18位，本实验中一级子网借14位，则一级子网掩码为，可用子网数为214=16384，每个子网可用主机数为210-2=1022。一级子网可用主机数/2〜54/2〜54/2〜54/2〜54/2〜54/2〜54/2〜.254/2〜.254/2〜54/2〜54/2〜54表1：一级子网划分根据拓补图，核心层和汇聚层一共有19个二级网段，二级子网从一级子网再借3位，则总共借17位，二级子网掩码掩码是28，每一个一级子网可划分的二级子网数为23=8，每个子网可用主机数是27-2=126台，用3个一级子网来划分二级子网，三个一级子网最多可划分24个二级子网，多余本实验的网段数。本实验用/22，/22和/22来划分2级子网.二级子网可用主机数/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25 〜2628/2529〜54表2：/22的二级子网划分

二级子网可用主机数/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25 〜2628/2529〜54表3：/22的二级子网划分二级子网可用主机数/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25〜2628/2529〜54/25 〜2628/2529〜54表4：/22的二级子网划分3.子网规划(1)各网段地址:网段号网络地址网段号网络地址/251/2528/25128/253/251328/25428/251428/255/2515/25628/2516/257/251728/25828/2518/259/251928/251028/25

(2)网段号和对应的区域:网段号所属区域网段号所属区域1areal11area32areal12area23areal13area24areal14area25areaO15area26areaO16area47areaO17area48area318area59area319area610area3表7：网段号和对应的区域⑵各路由器环回接口IP和ospf进程号:RouterLoopbackIPOspfprocess-idROLoO:/32900R1Lo0:/32500R2Lo0:/32700R3Lo0:/32800R4Lo0:/32600R5Lo0:0/321300R6Lo0:1/321100R7Lo0:2/321200R8Lo0:/32400R9Lo0:/32200R10Lo0:/32300R11Lo0:/32100表8：各路由器环回接口IP和ospf进程号YLMT号VL圈接口LFVI016.0.IB.1/22VI/22VI/22VI316.0.2B.1/22VI4/22VI516.0.3E.1/22VI&/22VIT/22VI8/22VI9/22V20/22VLA1T中的主机PCO^PC1^LaptopOLa.ptop1La.ptop2Lip-topS^PC2PC3,.PC4PCS,.PC7rPC9PCHLapH,PC11FC8,FC1O,,FC1Z所属的三层交换机conilconilconilconilcom2coniLicom2FC13J'C1S,FCILI'CIOcom3FC14,FC1B..FC18,T'C20La.p5?Laps,.FC23,TC25com4FC21,FC2Z.FC24,TCZ6com43.路由协议配置(1)核心层ospf配置：noipdomain-lookupinterfaceFastEthernet0/0noipaddressduplexautospeedautoshutdown!interfaceFastEthernetO/1noipaddressduplexautospeedautoshutdown!interfaceSerial1/0ipaddress28!interfaceSerial1/1ipaddress28!interfaceSerial1/2ipaddress2928!interfaceSerial1/3ipaddress28interfaceSerial1/4noipaddressshutdowninterfaceSerial1/5noipaddressshutdown!interfaceSerial1/6noipaddressshutdown!interfaceSerial1/7noipaddressshutdown!interfaceVlan1noipaddressshutdown!routerospf100router-idlog-adjacency-changesnetwork27area0network27area0network27area2network2827area2!ipclasslesslinecon0linevty04loginend核心层路由表：■Cat!«■oflaatEeacetianetmat/24iggut!nettedr1gubnetaOOIAOOOIAOIAOIAOIAOIAOIAOIAOIAl=o.l.3.0/2S[110/120]via1S„1[11D/12S]via1^.1.3.123/25[110/12S]viaIS1=/26[110/192]via1£„11=28/25[110/192]viaIS1=5.2-1.0/26[110/12S]via1£„11^.2.1.128/25[110/192]viaIS2.2.0/25[110/128]via1€„11^.2.2.128/25[110/128]via1«1^.2.3.0/25[110/192]via16„101:13:41rSariall/0/101:13:41.Seriall/0/001:25:10PSeriall/0/101:25:00rSariall/O/l01:22:5€rSeriall/0/101:24:43rSfiEiall/0/101:19:41rSfiEiall/O/O01:13:41,Seriall/0/001:13:41rSeriall/0/02.2r01:13:41p勺旦匚i自丄l/D/DI 4.4_4„0igdireatlyccnnectedrLQop5ja.ckO1C.0.0-0/8iavariably3ubnettedr30aubneta,2msaksoZ2l€-Q_Q-Q/25[110/20]Via1€.1.□.L29,00:49:13,Sarlall/l/aoEZ128/25[110/20]via1€_1-0_1£9,00=49Z13PSeriall/L/Ool€.Q.l.lb/25[110/20]vialt.l00=4B:52rSeriall/1/1o=2.□.1.12S/25[110/20]viaIS.1.Z.13Q,00:1S:1SFSgcisll/Q/1ongl^.O.ie.O/22[110/20]via1€A1.0.129P00;43;13PSsEiall/lfOo1-5.0-20.0/22[110/20]via12„1-0.129p00:49:13fSeriall/1^0oZ2l=o.0.24.0/22[110/20]vxa1€„1-0.129p00:49:13fSariall/1^0o1=/22[110/20]v±aIS„1-0.129r00:49:13rSeriall/1/0oH21-/22[110/20]via12„1-0.129p00:49:13rSeriall/1/0oZ2l=o.0.36.0/22[110/20]vxa1S„1-0.129,00:49:13rSariall/1/0oE21=/22[110/20]v±aIS„1-0.129,00:49:13rSeriall/1/0oH21-/22[110/20]via12„1-1.2,00=48:52^Seciall/1/1oZ2l=o.O.48.0/22[110/20]vxa1S„1-1.2,00:48:52pSeciall/1/1oE21=/22[110/20]v±aIS„1-2.130,00:18:18rSeriall/0/1oH21-5.0.5S.0/22[110/20]via12„1-2.130,00:18:18rSeriall/0/1o1=/25[110/120]vxa1€„1-0.129,01:27:3=6rSariall/1/0■C 1=28/25isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/1/0€ 1-/25±sdirectlyconnectedrSeriall/1/1O 1=28/25C110/128]via1S-1.1.2P01:2S:51rSariall/1/1■C 1^.1.2.0/25Isdirectlyconnected,.Seriall/0/0€ 1-5-1-2.12S/2Sisdizectlyconnected,Seriall/0/1(2)汇聚层RIPv2：iproutinginterfaceFastEthernetO/1switchporttrunkencapsulationdotlqswitchportmodetrunk!interfaceFastEthernetO/2switchporttrunkencapsulationdotlqswitchportmodetrunk!interfaceFastEthernetO/3switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1qswitchportmodetrunk!interfaceFastEthernetO/4switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1qswitchportmodetrunk!interfaceFastEthernetO/24noswitchportipaddress28duplexautospeedauto!interfaceVlan13ipaddress!interfaceVlan14ipaddress!interfaceVlan15ipaddress!routerripversion2networknoauto-summary!ipclasslessiproutelinecon0linevty04login!!End汇聚层路由表：Gatewayoflast：resortis tonetta-ork0„0.0.01S.O.0.0/8isvariablyguhnettedr113ubfietap2C Ifi.0.0„0/25±sdirectlycc:nnectedfFastEthemet0/17!.16.0.0-128/2S[120/1]via1石.0-0.Lr□0:00:14pFaatEthernet0/1C16.0.1^.0/22isdirectlyc：cnnectedrVlanlOc/22isdirectly匚口nnectedPVIanilc/22isdirectlyccnnectedrVlanl2c1S.0.28.0/22isdirectlycc:n:nectedrVlanl3R^25[120/2]viar00:00:14pFastEtlierne七。/IR/22[120/2]vialfi.0.0.1r00z00：14pFastEthernetO/l虫IS.0.40.0/22[120/2]via1S-0.0.1P00:00:14pFastEtJiernetO/IX 16.1.0„0/25[120/1]via16.0.0-1r00:00il4pFastEth&rnet0/1R l€.1.0„128/2S[120/1]vialS.0„0.Lr00:00:14,FaatEthernet0/1S*/0 [1/0]via16.0_0.1Switch#

边界路由重发布:renterDgpf100router-id1.1.1^11口g-adjaceney-changeanetuorkL石.1.0„027arsa1networkLS.1^0.1Z8Z7area1ecuterripvecsIan£neti?口x;kLS.0.Q.QHQSUtQ~SU£1EL£X¥ipclassleasl边界路由器路由表：Gatewayoflastresort±snotset;1.0„0_0/24 subnettedr1sutmetsC 1.1.丄.0 dizectlyconnscted.rluODpb-ackO1=6.0„0.O/SisvaeiablySLLbnetted.r30subnets,2masksC IS_0.0.0/25isdirec七1丫connsctedrFastEtherne七0/0IS_1.0.0/25isdirec七1丫ccnnectedrSeciall/O/lIS_1.0.12S/25iadirectlyu口IS_1.0.0/25isdirec七1丫ccnnectedrSeciall/O/lIS_1.0.12S/25iadirectlyu口:n_nectedF1«_1.1.O/SE[11&/12S]via15.1^0.130,1SL1.1.12S/25[L10/12S]wim1SL1.0.2,1SL1.2.0/25 [11&/12S]wiaLS.1^O.13OPSeriall/0/001:24:49fSeriall^O/O01:22:S3pSeriall^O/101:10:3S_Seriall^O/00000000IkIkIiIiIJLIiIiIAIiIiIAoE21=/25[110/20][113/20]viaviaIS.1.0.130..00:45:54rSeriall/a/O1S.1.0.2r00:45:54rSerxall/0/1oE21S_O.1.128/2S[110/20]via1S\1.0_130p00:15zlBpSeriall/O/Dp.1=6.0..0/22[1Z0/1]via1S.0.0.2r00:00:10pFastEthernetO/a7!.20.0/22[1Z0/1]via1S.0.0.2r00:00:10pFastE七hm工nEtCI/O7!.24.0/22[1Z0/1]via1S.0.0.2r00:00:10pFastEthernetO/DP.l=6_0.28.0/22[1Z0/1]via1S.0.0.2r00:00:10pFastEthernetO/a7!.1S_O.32.0/22[1Z0/1]viaIS.0.0.130,.00:00:1SFFastEttLernetO/17!.1S_O.3e.0/22[1Z0/1]viaIS.0.0.130..DO:00:l€rFastEtkLernetD/1P.1=/22[1Z0/1]viaIS.0.0.130..00:00:l«rFastEtkLernetD/1OE21S_O.44.0/22[1L0/20]via30,00:45:54rSeriall/0/0[110/20：]viaIS.1.0.2,0D::45:54rSeniall/0/1oE21=/22[110/20：]via1=30,00:4S:54rSeriall/0/0[1L0/20]via, 0a：:45:54rSeniall/0/1oE21S_O.52.0/22[110/20：]viaIS.1.0.130,00:1S:18PSeriall/0/0oE21=6.0-5-6.0/22[110/20：]via1=30,00:15:18pSeriall/0/0C[L10/12S]via1SL1.0.130,01:24:49,Seriall/0/01SL1.3.0/25[llft/192]viaLS.1^0.130,01:20::40RSeriall^O/01SL1.3.12S/25[110/152]viaIS.1.0.130,01:22:07,Seriall/0/01«_S.O.O/SE via15.1^0.130,O1:S1:57FSeriall^O/O1€_2.0.128/25[L10/2E6]^iaIS.1.0.130,01:19:52pSeriall/0/01€_2.1.0/25[110/192]wiaIS.1.0.130,01:21:40RSeriall/0/01SL2.1.12S/25[L10/25€]via30,01:10:38,Seriall/0/0l€_2.2.0/25[110/192]via1.0.130,01:10:38..Seriall/0/02.128/25[110/192]via1S.1.0.130,01:10:38,Seriall/O/O1SL2.3.0/25 viaIS.1.0.130,01:10:38,Seriall/0/0Router^

四、实验结果一、同一coml下的不同pc机实验结果:如上图从VlanlO的PC0到Vlanl2的PC2的Simulation结果:

从VlanlO的PCO到Vlanl2的PC2的ping结果:POping1.石.0-24.3Pinging16-0-24-3with32bytesofdata从VlanlO的PCO到Vlanl2的PC2的ping结果:POping1.石.0-24.3Pinging16-0-24-3with32bytesofdata:Replyfromlfi.0.24.3二bytes=32time=33msTTL=127ReplyReplyReplyfrom.1&-0.24.3:bytes=32l^-0_24.3:bytes=321&-0.24.3:bytes=32tinie=4cGmstime=!62instime=50msTTL=127TTL=127TTL=127Pingstatisticsfor16■-0.24.3:Packets:Sent=4rReceived=4rLost=0(0%Loss),Appr口jcimatieround七riptimesinmi11i-seconds:Minimmn=33mspMajciim™.= rAverage=47ms二、coml和com2下的不同pc机实验结果:

如上图从VlanlO的PCI到Vlanl5的PC8的Simulation结果:Vis.Time〔sh]LastDeviceAtQ&viceType-Info0.000—PCIICMP■0.001PCISwitch16ICMP0.002Switch16MuJtilayerSwitchOICMP0.003MultilayerSwitchORouterllIOIP0.004RouterllMultilayerSwrtchlICMP0.005MultilayerSwitch15witch5I匚MP0.006Switch5PCSICMP0.007PCSSwrtch5ICMP0.008Switch5MuJtilayerSwitchlICMP0.009MultilayerSwitch1Router11ICFIP0.010RoiiterllMultilayerSwrtchOICMP0.011MultilayerSwitchOSwitch16ICMP'S0.012Switch16PCIICMP从Vlan10的PC1到Vlan15的PC8的ping结果:

PC>pinglfi.0・乞右.乞Pinging16.0-3G-.3with32kbytesofdm/tm二KeplyrxaziIff.0.36.3:t?ytes=3itimis=97msIIL=lt5Replyfromlff-0.36.3:byt83=32tiinfi=90m3III>L25Replyflam1C-0.2G-3:bytea=22t±!M=!S13M111^123Repl^fromIff-O.SG.S:bytes=32time=llOmsTTIj=125PingstfitistiesEdit:Packets:Sent=4rReceived=4fLost=0 (0%loss)rApprojcima/teround,triptinuBsinmi11i-seao-ndszMinimum.=51msFMaitiiniiin=110m3FAverage=87iri3PC〉三、coml和com3下的不同pc机实验结果:FC-PTFCLPFUH444£flKD,