2012年全国高考英语试题及答案1-江苏卷

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（江苏卷）英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.答案是B。B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.1.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalibrary.2.Atwhattimewillthefilmbegin?A.7:20.B.7:15.C.7:00.3.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.TheirfriendJane.B.Aweekendtrip.C.Aradioprogramme.4.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.Catchatrain.B.Seethemanoff.C.Goshopping.5.Whydidthewomanapologize?A.Shemadealatedelivery.B.Shewenttothewrongplace.C.Shecouldn’ttakethecakeback.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhoseCDisbroken?A.Kathy’s.B.Mum’s.C.Jack’s.7.Whatdoestheboypromisetodoforthegirl?A.BuyheranewCD.B.Dosomecleaning.C.Giveher10dollars.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whatdidthemanthinkofthemeal?A.Justsoso.9.Whatwasthe15%onthebillpaidfor?A.Thefood.B.Thedrinks.C.Theservice.B.Quitesatisfactory.C.Abitdisappointing.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whyisthemanattheshop?A.ToorderacameraforhiswifeB.Tohaveacamerarepaired.C.Togetacamerachanged.11.Whatcolourdoesthemanwant?A.Pink.B.Black.C.Orange.12.Whatwillthemandoafterwards?A.Makeaphonecall.B.Waituntilfurthernotice.C.Comeagainthenextday.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.WhatwouldJoeprobablydoduringtheThanksgivingholiday?A.Gotoaplay.B.Stayathome.C.VisitKingston.14.WhatisArielgoingtodoinToronto?A.Attendaparty.B.Meetheraunt.15.WhyisArielinahurrytoleave?C.Seeacarshow.A.TocallupBetty.B.TobuysomeDVDs.C.TopickupDaniel.16.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Guideandtourist.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WheredoesThomasManningwork?A.IntheGuinnessCompany.B.Ataradiostation.C.Inamuseum.18.Wheredidtheideaofabookofrecordscomefrom?A.Abird-shootingtrip.B.AvisittoEurope.C.Atelevisiontalkshow.19.WhendidSirHugh’sfirstbookofrecordsappear?A.In1875.B.In1950.C.In1955.20.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtotalkaboutnext?A.Morerecordsofunusualfacts.B.Thefounderofthecompany.C.Theoldestpersonintheworld.第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B。21.—CanIhelpyouwithit?—Iappreciateyour_______,butIcanmanageitmyself.A.adviceB.questionC.offerD.idea22.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what23.Sophiawaitedforareply,but_______came.A.eitherB.anotherC.neitherD.none24.—Don’tworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.—_______!I’lltellDadthere’snothingserious.A.WhatareliefB.CongratulationsC.HowsurprisingD.I’msosorry25.Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,_______?A.isthereB.isn’tthereC.isheD.isn’the26.—OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.—Youcan’t_______yourresponsibilities.A.runoffwith27.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_______themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how28.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,but_______saywherehewas.B.runupagainstC.runoutofD.runawayfromA.mustn’t29.—ThankGodyou’resafe!—Isteppedback,just_______toavoidtheracingcar.A.intimeB.incaseC.inneedD.invain30.One’slifehasvalue_______onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat31._______animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase32.ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_______someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meetsD.hadmetB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.mightn’t33.—Honey,thecat’sstuckinthetree.CanyouturnofftheTVandgetaladder...?—Oh,itjumpedoff._______.A.NevermindB.AllrightC.NoproblemD.Takecare34.Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhe_______.A.hasstartedB.starts35.—Happybirthday!C.startedD.willstart—Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI_______for.A.shouldhavewishedB.musthavewishedC.mayhavewishedD.couldhavewished第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Theconceptofsolitude(独处)inthedigitalworldisalmostnon-existent.Intheworldofdigitaltechnology,e-mail,socialnetworkingandonlinevideogames,informationismeanttobe____36___.Solitudecanbehardtodiscover___37____ithasbeengivenup.Inthisrespect,newtechnologieshave___38____ourculture.Thedesiretobeconnectedhasbroughtsolitudetoa(n)___39____aswe’veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso___40____intheworldofnetworksandconnectionsthatonecanoftenbecontacted____41___they’drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,text,e-mail,chatandblog(写博客),notonlyfromour___42____,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostdevelopednationshavebecome___43____ondigitaltechnologysimplybecausethey’vegrownaccustomedtoit,andatthispointnot___44____itwouldmakethemanoutsider.___45____,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobe___46____.Fromthispointofview,technologyhaschangedthecultureofwork.Beingreachablemightfeellikea___47____tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Isupposethepositivesideisthatsolitudeisstillpossibleforanyonewho___48____wantsit.Computerscanbeshut___49____andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Theabilitytobe“connected”and“on”hasmany___50____,aswellasdisadvantages.Travelershaveendedup___51____onmountains,andmobilephoneshavesavedcountlesslives.Theycanalsomakepeoplefeel___52____andforcedtoanswerunwantedcallsor___53____tounwantedtexts.Attitudestowardsourconnectednessasasociety___54____acrossgenerations.Somefindtoday’stechnologyagift.Othersconsideritacurse.Regardlessofanyone’sviewonthesubject,it’shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelike___55____dailyadvancementsintechnology.36.A.updated37.A.though38.A.respected39.A.edgeB.receivedB.untilC.sharedC.onceD.collectedD.beforeB.shapedB.stageC.ignoredD.preservedD.balanceC.end40.A.sensitive41.A.evenif42.A.mediaB.intelligentB.onlyifC.considerateC.asifD.reachableD.ifonlyD.monitorsB.computersC.databases43.A.bentB.hardC.keenD.dependent44.A.finding45.A.AlsoB.usingC.protectingC.OtherwiseD.changingD.SomehowB.Instead46.A.connected47.A.pleasure48.A.slightly49.A.outB.trainedC.recommendedD.interestedB.benefitB.hardlyC.burdenC.merelyD.disappointmentD.reallyB.downC.upD.inC.advantagesC.relaxedC.confused50.A.aspects51.A.hidden52.A.trapped53.A.turnB.weaknessesB.lostD.exceptionsD.desertedB.excitedB.submitD.amusedC.objectD.reply54.A.varyB.ariseC.spreadC.despiteD.exist55.A.beyondB.withinD.without第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A56.Accordingtothesurvey,peopleleftaloneonadesertislandwouldmostwanttheir__________.A.MP3playerB.dogC.spouse/partnerD.celebrity57.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutGeorgeClooney?A.Hehasbeentrainedinwildernesssurvival.B.Hemaynotbeabletohelpyousurvive.C.HedoesnotthinkRoseaneisbeautiful.D.HeisthechoiceofmostSouthAfricanwomen.58.Thesurveyresultsareanalyzedintermsoftherespondents’__________.A.sex,ageandnationalityC.marriage,ageandraceB.race,nationalityandsexD.age,sexandmarriageBDeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmerica’sfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges,suchasflood,risingfuelpricesandcrop-eatinginsects.Thecountry’sfarmersaregettingolder,andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest-growinggroupoffarmersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan,aformercollegeprofessor,ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.AsidefromtryingtostopthegrayingofAmerica’sfarmers,herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof“useless”collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting,andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn’tbeanythingthat’smoreincorrect,”Merrigansaid.“Weknowthattherearen’tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.”Inaddition,agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050,shesaid.“Itrulybelievewe’reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall-timerecordhigh,andglobalsuppliesareatall-timerecordlows,”saidMattRush,directoroftheTexasFarmBureau.“Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers’Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest,presidentofFutureFarmersofAmerica,hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase,travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21-year-oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.“Neverbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen,”hesaid.“There’sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”59.WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A.Fewerandolderfarmers.B.Higherfuelprices.C.Morenaturaldisasters.D.Loweragriculturaloutput.60.WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?A.Todrawfederalagricultureofficials’attention.B.Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates.C.Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D.Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers.61.AccordingtoMattRush,Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause__________..A.thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncostsB.globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlowerC.investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitableD.Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport62.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“toturnaroundthestatistics”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Tore-analyzetheresultofthenationalcensus.B.Toincreaseagriculturalproduction.C.Tobringdowntheaverageageoffarmers.D.Toinvestmoreinagriculture.CMedicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease,includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn’tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges.ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer.SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat’sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What’smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.63.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.64.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?D.UVlight.A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.65.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combinedDFranzKafkawrotethat“abookmustbetheax(斧子)forthefrozenseainsideus.”Ioncesharedthissentencewithaclassofseventhgraders,anditdidn’tseemtorequireanyexplanation.We’djustfinishedJohnSteinbeck’snovelOfMiceandMen.Whenwereadtheendtogetheroutloudinclass,mytoughestboy,astarbasketballplayer,weptalittle,andsodidI.“Areyoucrying?”onegirlasked,asshegotoutofherchairtotakeacloserlook.“Iam,”Itoldher,“andthefunnythingisI’vereaditmanytimes.”Buttheyunderstood.WhenGeorgeshootsLennie,thetragedyisthatwerealizeitwasalwaysgoingtohappen.Inmy14yearsofteachinginaNewYorkCitypublicmiddleschool,I’vetaughtkidswithimprisonedparents,abusiveparents,irresponsibleparents;kidswhoareparentsthemselves;kidswhoarehomeless;kidswhogrewupinviolentneighborhoods.Theyunderstand,morethanIeverwill,thenovel’sterriblelogic—thegivingwayofdreamstofate(命运).Forthelastsevenyears,Ihaveworkedasareadingenrichmentteacher,readingclassicworksofliteraturewithsmallgroupsofstudentsfromgradessixtoeight.Ioriginallyproposedthisideatomyheadmasterafterlearningthataformerexcellentstudentofminehadtransferredoutofaselectivehighschool—onethatoftenattractstheliterary-mindedchildrenofManhattan’supperclasses—intoalesscompetitivesetting.Thedaughterofimmigrants,withafatherinprison,sheperhapsfeltuncomfortablewithhernewclassmates.Ithoughtadditional“culturalcapital”couldhelpstudentslikeherdevelopbetterinhighschool,wheretheywouldunavoidablymeet,perhapsforthefirsttime,studentswhocamefromhomeslinedwithbookshelves,whoseparentshadearnedPh.D.’s.AlongwithOfMiceandMen,mygroupsread:Sounder,TheRedPony,LordoftheFlies,RomeoandJulietandMacbeth.Thestudentsdidn’talwaysreadfromtheexpectedpointofview.AboutTheRedPony,onestudentsaid,“it’saboutbeingaman,it’saboutmanliness.”IhadneverbeforeseentheparallelsbetweenScarfaceandMacbeth,norhadIheardLadyMacbeth’ssoliloquies(独白)readasraps(说唱),butbothmadesense;theinterpretationswereplayful,butserious.OnceintroducedtoSteinbeck’swriting,oneboywentontoreadTheGrapesofWrathandtoldmerepeatedlyhowamazingitwasthat“allthesepeoplehateeachother,andthey’reallwhite.”Hishistoricalviewwasbroadening,hissenseofhisowncountrydeepening.Yearafteryear,formerstudentsvisitedandtoldmehowpreparedtheyhadfeltintheirfirstyearincollegeasaresultoftheclasses.Yearafteryear,however,weareincreasingthenumberofpracticetests.Wearetryingtoteachstudentstoreadincreasinglycomplextexts,notforemotionalpunch(碰撞)butfortextcomplexity.Yet,wecannotenrich(充实)themindsofourstudentsbytestingthemontextsthatignoretheirhearts.Weareteachingthemthatwordsdonotamazebutconfuse.Wemaysucceedinraisingtestscores,butwewillfailtoteachthemthatreadingcanbetransformativeandthatitbelongstothem.66.TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto__________..A.realizeourdreamsB.givesupporttoourlifeC.smoothawaydifficultiesD.awakeouremotions67.WhywerethestudentsabletounderstandthenovelOfMiceandMen?A.Becausetheyspentmuchtimereadingit.B.Becausetheyhadreadthenovelbefore.C.Becausetheycamefromapublicschool.D.Becausetheyhadsimilarlifeexperiences.68.Thegirllefttheselectivehighschoolpossiblybecause__________..A.shewasaliterary-mindedgirlB.herparentswereimmigrantsC.shecouldn’tfitinwithherclassD.herfatherwastheninprison69.Totheauthor’ssurprise,thestudentsreadthenovels__________..A.creativelyB.passivelyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly70.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto__________..A.introduceclassicworksofliteratureB.advocateteachingliteraturetotouchtheheartC.argueforequalityamonghighschoolstudentsD.defendthecurrenttestingsystem第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。“HappinessAdvantage”EffectInJuly2010Burt’sBees,apersonal-careproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managerslifteveryone’sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex(大脑皮层),whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.Burt’sBees’sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he’dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He’dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany’svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang’semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.Thatoutcomeshouldn’tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set(思维模式),performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappiness.“OnceIgetapromotion,I’llbehappy,”theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I’llfeelgreat.”Butbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”—everybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I’veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI’mnotalone:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.Anothercommonmisunderstandingis