初中高级语法教材

ContentsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z第一章现在完成时--夯实基础 P2\o"CurrentDocument"第二章现在完成时--能力拓展 P9第三章过去完成时--夯实基础 P16\o"CurrentDocument"第四章过去完成时一能力拓展 P20第五章过去进行时 P24第六章被动语态 P31第七章定语从句--夯实基础 P37第八章定语从句--能力拓展 P42第九章宾语从句一夯实基础 P47\o"CurrentDocument"第十章宾语从句--能力拓展 P54第一章现在完成时一基础夯实匚二）语法详解一、定义：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或结果eg.Ihavealreadyhadlunch,soIamnothungrynow.2、发生在过去，持续到现在并且还有可能持续到未来的动作eg.Ihavebeenateacherfor5years..二、构成：have/has+动词过去分词（done）三、句型：①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他eg.IhavelivedinBeijingfor10years.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他eg.Ihaven'tlivedinBeijingfor10years.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他eg.HaveyoulivedinBeijingfor10years?Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn't.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他）eg.HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?四、现在完成时的标志1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或结果以already,just和yet为标志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的帮助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看过这场电影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。以ever和never为标志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。以sofar（到目前为止）为标+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前为止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2、发生在过去，持续到现在并且还有可能持续到未来的动作*①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志Ihavebeenastudentfor8years.IhavebeenastudentsinceIwas6.五、过去分词1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work—worked—worked,visit—visited—visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live—lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop—stopped—stopped,drop—dropped-dropped2、不规则动词AAA型AAB型原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词letletletbeatbeatbeatencutcutcutputputputABA型setsetset原型过去式过去分词hithithitcomecamecomeshutshutshutbecomebecamebecomehurthurthurtrunranruncostcostcostcastcastcastburstburstburstspreadspreadspreadreadread/red/read/red/ABB型ABC型bringbroughtbroughtbeginbeganbegun

buyboughtboughtblowblewblownbuildbuiltbuiltbreakbrokebrokenburnburntburntchoosechosechosencatchcaughtcaughtdrawdrewdrawndigdugdugdrivedrovedrivenfeelfeltfeltdrinkdrankdrunkfightfoughtfoughtflyflewflownfindfoundfoundforgiveforgaveforgivenhearheardheardgivegavegivenholdheldheldforgetforgotforgottenkeepkeptkeptfreezefrozefrozenleadledledgrowgrewgrownloselostlostknowknewknownmakemademaderideroderiddenmeetmetmetriseroserisensellsoldsoldringrangrungshootshotshotshakeshookshakensitsatsatsingsangsungstandstoodstoodsinksanksunksweepsweptsweptswimswamswumteachtaughttaughtthrowthrewthrowntelltoldtoldwritewrotewrittenthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwon实战演练一、写出下列动词的过去式以及过去分词dogobegindogobeginhavebuyeatputlivestopseekeepcome二、用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空haveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim..Jackhasfinishedhishomeworkanhourago..Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.."Haveyouseenthefilm?”"No"haveseenit."."Hasthebusleft?” "Yes,ithasleft.”三、按要求完成句子她已经完成作业了O 否定句： 一般疑问句： 特殊疑问句：我学英语已经10年了。 否定句： 一般疑问句： 特殊疑问句：Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)Ijustanewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)WeEnglishthreeyearsHehaslivedheresince1999.(就划线部分提问) hehere?Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.(否定)Theythework.四、用适当的时态填空。1.1already(see)thefilm.2. he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999..Shehasn't(return)herbookyet..HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks..youever(eat)chocolatesundaes?No,never..She's(live)hereeversinceshewasten..you(find)yourwatchyet?.—Areyouthirsty?—NoIjust(have)someorange.五、选择填空1.一Ourcountryalotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.hasC.has2.ZhaoLarA.was；C.has；3.Wechanged；wellB.changed；betterD.i already studying B. will；studied D. are；XiaoLisinceshechanged；goodchanged；better_inthisschoolfortwoyears,studystudyingwasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknown4.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.l_A.w川seeB.haveseenC.haveknown ittwice.C.sawD.knewD.see.、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still.HaveyoumetMrLi?A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.met B.havemetC.hadmetD.w川meet.Wehavelivedherefiveyearsago.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after.You'veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,?A.haven'tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don'tyou.Theoldpeoplelonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek.A.don'tfeelB.hasn'tfeltC.haven'tfeltD.didn'tfeel中考链接：.Myauntisawriter.She morethantenbookssince1980.（北京）A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.w川write.TheSmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they_thereforthreeyearssincethen.（广西）A.live B.lived C.havelivedD.willlive.-HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?-Yes,.（广西）A.Iwas B.Ido C.Iam D.Ihave.Mypenpalsaidhewouldwritetome,butI anylettersfromhimsofar.（北京）A.won'treceiveB.haven'treceivedC.hadn'treceivedD.didn'treceive.-AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?（贵州）-No,theytoShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved.-Chinadevelopssofast.-That'strue.Italotalready.（安徽）A.changesB.changedC.willchangeD.haschanged.-HaveyouevervisitedGermany?（云南）-.ButIexpecttogothereagain.A.PerhapsB.No,Ihaven'tC.Idon'tknowD.Yes,Ihave.SamcametoBaihaiin2002.Heherefornineyears.（广西）A.lives B.waslivingC.haslivedD.willlive.Mr.Fan thiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However,he_yet.（安徽）A.didn'tarriveB.doesn'tarriveC.isn'tarrivingD.hasn'tarrivedHomeworkReadthisstorycarefully,coveritandcompletethesentencesbelow.Happybirthday,Jilly!Six-year-oldJillyhasbeenverydisappointed.It'sherbirthdaytoday,andshehasn'treceivedanybirthdaycards.Alotofpeoplehavesentcards,andafewpeoplehavesentherapresenttoo,butthepostmanhasn'tdeliveredanything.Jilly^motherrangthepostoffice.'Where'sthepostmantoday?'sheasked.cWhathashappenedtothepost?It'smydaughter'sbirthday.She'ssix,andyouhaven'tdeliveredherbirthdaycards!'‘I'msorry,Japostmanexplained.cWe'reonstriketoday.Wecandeliveryourcardstomorrow.)'Butthatwillbetoolate!'Jilly'smotherexclaimed.cIt'sherbirthdaytoday!’'Isee/thepostmansaid.'Look,Ican'tdeliverthemtoyoutoday,butgivemetenminutes.FilfindallJilly'scardsforyou.Thenyoucancomeandcollectthem.WillthatbeOK?'SoJillyandhermotherareontheirwaytothepostofficenow.PerhapsJillywillhaveahappybirthdayafterall.Jillyisyearsoldtoday,butsheisn'tveryhappy.Infact,sheisvery It'sherbirthday，butshehasn'thadany.Peoplehavesentherand,butthehasn'tany.第二章现在完成时…能力拓展匚二＞语法详解一、hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别Have/Hasgone(to)法了(现在不在说话现场)eg.Whereisyourfather?HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to)法过(已不在去过的地方)eg.MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)eg.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths,/sincetwomonthsago.二、瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go.leave,join...)不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词1、buy--have borrow——keepcome/arrive/reach/getto——beingoout--beout leave--beaway begin——beon finish--beoveropen--beopen close——beclosed die--bedead1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替putonA)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry3、be+deadRdie5、be+awake代wake/wakeup7、be+openKopen9、be+missing(gone,lost)RloseB)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2、be+ill代fall(get)ill4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave8、beclosed代close/shut2"be+up”代getup3"be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4"behere(there厂代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)thereC)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词."bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo/moveto.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy匚二〉实战演练一、用have/hasbeento--have/hasgoneto—have/hasbeenin填空Where'sJim?--hehastoGuiLin.Shetothepark,shewillbebackintwohours.ItotheWestlake,Look,Ihavetakenmanyphotosonit.TheSmithsBeijingforyears.Theyhavetotheforestaloneandreturnedsafely.TheWhiteshavetotheU.S.A,Theywon'tcomeback.Wehavetothebookshopandboughtmanybooks.Shetoherhomeland;sheiscomingtomyhomenextweek.IhavetoHongKongtwice.WehavetotheMountTai,weallenjoyedourselves.二、短暂动词改写为延续性动词HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsince.Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.Theycameherelastweek.Theyheresince.Hecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.Ibecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverdirtyfor.Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshopfor.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.HeFuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.Isince.Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyitsince.Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor.Igottoknowhimlastyear.Ihimsince.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesfor.三、选择填空.Hurryup,theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began.-Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?-Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had3.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecomeC.havebeen D.haveturned.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.Live.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wentto D.w川goto6..- youever__totheUS? --Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,going7.Myparents Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen8.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice,she tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.went C.willgo D.hasbeen.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity10.HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoined C.wasinD.hasbeenin祗中考链接：1.Heinthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.（2014北京中考）A.willworkB.works C.hasworkedD.isworking2.MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.（2013北京中考）A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo3.1Mr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai. （2012北京中考）A.didn'thearfrom B.don'thearfromC.won'thearfrom D.haven'theardfrom4.-MayIspeaktoMissWang? （山东淄博）-Sorry.Sheisn'tin.ShetoHongKong.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.went.LanmonhereforalmosttenyearsandhehasmanyChinesefriends.（云南昆明）A.hasbeenB.leftC.hascomeD.came.Mr.Fan thiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.（四川）A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had.Whereismysister,mum?-Shetothelibrary.Shewillbebacksoon.（山东）A.hasbeen B.isgoing C.hasgoneD.willgo.Youaretoolate.Thefilmsincehalfanhourago.（广东）A.hasbegun B.hasbeenonC.beganD.hasbeenat.GreatchangesinTongreninthepastfiveyears.（贵州）A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace10.BritishPrinceWilliam（威廉王子）andKatefornearlytwomonths.（江苏）A.marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.havegotmarried1myhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!（重庆）A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom.A:Howcleanthebedroomis!（重庆）B:Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned.-HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?（江苏泰州）-Iknowtheplaceverywell.ISydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin14.Thomasthearmyfortwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC.hasbeeninD.hasjoinedinlsMr.Smithst川inShanghai?-Yes,hetherefortwomonths.（辽宁）A.hasbeen B.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.hasgonetoHomeworkReadthisarticleandanswerthequestions.AlifewithoutfailurePeteHoffmanissixty-threeyearsold,andhehasbeenteachingpeopletodriveeversincehewastwenty.Thismaybeastrangejobforamanwhohasalwaysbeenextremelynervous,yetMr.Hoffmanisaverysuccessfuldrivinginstructor.Mostofhispupilspassthedrivingtestfirsttime.Mr.Hoffmanhasneveryettaughtanybodywhofailedthetestmorethanonce.Infact,thestreetsofBerlinarefullofgooddriverswhoweretaughtbyMr.Hoffman.Forthatreason,theannouncementinlastnight'slocalpaperwasabigsurprise.Mr.Hoffman,thepopulardrivinginstructor,hasbeenintroublewiththepolice.Becauseofhisage,Mr.Hoffmanhadtopassanumberoftestsbeforehecouldcontinueasadrivinginstructor.Duringthesetests,thepolicediscoveredthatMr.HoffmanhasneverpassedhisdrivingtestInfact,Mr.Hoffmanhasnevereventakenadrivingtest.Hehasalwaysbeentoonervous.’IappliedforthetestafewtimeswhenIwasyoung,1hesaid/butIneverturnedupontheday.Ijustcouldn'tbeartheideaoffailure.,ForhowmanyyearshasPeteHoffmanbeenteachingpeopletodrive?Howgoodadrivinginstructorishe?HasMr.Hoffmanalwaysbeenverynervous?Domostofhispupilspassthedrivingtestfirsttime?Whywaslastnight'sannouncementabigsurprise?WhohasMr.Hoffmanbeenintroublewith?Whatdidhehavetodobeforehecouldgoonasadrivinginstructor?Whatdidthepolicediscover?Whyhashenevertakenadrivingtest?Howoftendidheapplyforthetestwhenhewasyoung?Whydidheneverturnuponthedayofthetest?What'syouropinionofMr.Hoffman'snervousness?第三章过去完成时一-基础夯实一、定义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。Eg.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.在他们到达饭店之前，他们已经吃过早饭了。 hadbreakfast / arrivedatthehotel——/——now /--e=>二、构成：had+动词的过去分词(done)三、句型：肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词(done)+其他Eg.Lucyhadfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词(done)+其他Eg.Lucyhadn'tfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome.一般疑问句：Hack主语+动词过去分词(done)+其他Eg.HadLucyfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome?Yes,shehad./No,shehadn't.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(Had+主语+动词过去分词(done)+其他)Eg.WhathadLucydonebeforehermothergothome?四、过去完成时的标志.由时间状语来判定 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1)by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday..由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示"过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：(1)宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…”Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't..根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.匚二〉实战演练一、句型转换1、Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.(改否定句)2、Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.(改一般疑问及回答)3、HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.(对划线部分提问)二、用动词的适当形式填空WhenIreturnedhome,he(leave)。Bytenyesterdayevening,she(finish)writing.He(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.It(stop)rainingwhenIwokeupthismorning.I(notread)thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.Whenhe(come)toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.IsawHanMeiyesterday.We(notsee)eachothersinceleftBeijing.WhenIgottohishome,he(go)tobed.SheaskedifMr.Liualready(come)back.

三、选择填空1、WefiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDw川havelearned2、HanMeitoldmeshelunch,soshewasveryhungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad3、ThemeetingwhenMr.Wangtoschool.Ahasbegun；getBhasbeenon；getChadbegun；gotDhadbeenon；got4、What Janebythetimehewasseven?A.did,do B.has,doneCdid,did. D.had,doneBythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.Ahadcooked B.cooked C.havecookedD.Was6、ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseen B.saw C.willsee D.hadseen7、Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.for B.in C.by D.At8、WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryforalmostanhour.A.hadgone B.hadsetofC.hadleft D.hadbeenaway9、Wecouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersbecausetheytoolongbeforeus.A.started B.werestartingC.havestartedD.hadstarted10^DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,bythetimeIarrived.A.she'dleftB.she'sleftC.ShewasleftD.shemustleave11、ThejobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthanI.A.expect B.expectedC.wouldexpectD.hadexpected12、WhenIreachedhome,myparentstheirsupper.A.arehavingB.havealreadyhadC.havehadD.hadalreadyhad13、Itohelpyoubutcouldn'tgethereintime.A.want B.hadwantedC.havewantedD.waswanting14、Thestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned15、Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leftA.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left16.Bytheendoflastweek,theythebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompletedMybrotherisanactor.Heinseveralfilmssofar.A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing18.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylinesbynow.A.hasbeencompletedB.havecompletedC.hascompletedD.havebeencompleted卷中考链接：Themeeting_bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.（乌鲁木齐）A.wasonB.hasbeenonC.hadbegunD.hasbegunBytheendoflastmonth,IalltheCDsofJustinBieber.（上海）A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollectedBythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviefortenminutes.（山东淄博）A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon4.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviefortenminutes.（广东河源）A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon5.HeinXinxiangforfiveyearswhenIheardhisnews. （海南三亚）A.haslivedB.hadlivedC.islivingD.hasbeenlivedReadthisstoryCiirtliillv.Ihenreadthestatementsaboutit.Aretheytrueorfalse?Thegreatescapewerecaught,butmostofthemwereAfterayoungkeeperhadleftagateopen,forty-threemonkeysgotoutoftheirenclosureatthezoo.Theyclimbedintothetreesnearthelionenclosureandchatteredloudly.Thelionsbegantoroar.Soon,alltheanimalsinthezooweremakinganunbelievablenoise.Keepersraninalldirections.Theybroughtnetstohelpthemtocatchthemonkeys,butthemonkeyswouldnotcomedownfromthetrees.werecaught,butmostofthemwereandsomeofthemabanana,theyranawayagain.Theyoungkeeperrantothekitchenandbroughtbackabigboxofbananas.Afewofthemonkeyscamedownforabanana,tooquick.Assoonastheyhadtakenandsomeofthemabanana,theyranawayagain.Suddenly,therewasashout.Theyoungkeeperhadleftthekitchendooropenwhenhebroughtoutthebananas.Afamilyofmonkeyshadgotintothekitchenandwerehavingaparty.TheHeadKeeperclosedthezooandaskedthevisitorstoleave.Seventeenhourslater,thirty-ninemonkeyshadbeencaught,butamotherandherthreebabieswerestillplayinginthetrees.Nobodycouldcatchthem.Atlast,theygottiredandfellasleep.Bythattime,thekeeperswereverytiredtoo!TrueFalseIMorethanfiftymonkeysescapedfromtheirenclosure.Themonkeyssatquietlyinsometrees.Thekeepershadtotrytocatchthelions,too.Theyoungkeepergotsomebananasfromthekitchen.Allthemonkeyscamedownforbananasandwerecaughtthisway.Oneofthemonkeyshadleftthekitchendooropen.Thekeepershadapartyinthekitchen.TheHeadKeeperorderedthevisitorstoleave.Ittookseventeenhourstocatchmostofthemonkeys.1°Thelastthreemonkeyswerecaughtbytheyoungkeeper.[Horn第四章过去完成时--能力拓展

定义结构标志词一般过去时过去某时发生的动作或叙述过去的事情，强调动作动词变为过去式yesterday,last ago,过去某个具体时间等现在完成时发生在过去持续到现在，或对现在有影响的事情，强调影响have/hasdonefor+时间段，since+过去的时间点，sofar,already等模糊时间过去完成时发生在过去的过去haddoneby/bytheendof+过去的时间，或通过从句分析时间状语实战演练一、选择填空.Mothermeanewcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade...havetriedB.made...havetried C.hasmade...tried D.made...tried"Hetodrawhorsesalready"."Whenhe?""Lastyear"A.learned...hasB.learned...did C.haslearned...hasD.haslearned...did.WhatJanebythetimehewassever?A.did,do B.has,doneCdid,did. D.had,done.youthetextyet?Yes,weittwohoursago.A.Did...copy...didB.Have...copied...have C.Have...copied...didD.Did...copy...had."Whysheangry?""BecauseheatherjustnowA.did...get...shouted B.has...got...shoutedC.did...get...hasshouted D.has...got...hasshouted.Shelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.Ahadcooked B.cooked C.havecookedD.wascooked.ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseen B.saw C.w川see D.hadseen.thebabystill?No,itcrying.A.Has...cried...hasstoppedB.Is...crying...stoppedC.Did...cry...stoppedD.Is...crying...hasstopped1theway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew...havelivedB.knew...liveC.know...havelivedD.know...liveyoueverAmerica?Yes,Ihave.A.Have...gonetoB.Have...gonein C.Have...beentoD.Have...beeninMybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenatHetheArmybytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joined...is B.hasjoined...hasbeenC.hadjoined...isD.hadjoined...hasbeenBythetimeIbacktheyuptensatellites.A.came...havesentB.came...hadsentC.come...havesentD.hadcome...sentJackoverfivelessonsbyseveno'clock.Thenhearest.A.went...tookB.went...hadtakenC.hadgone...tookD.hadgone...hadtakenBythetimehewas4,healotofGermanwords.D.learnsD.D.learnsD.leftD.werelivingD.hadarrived16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleft B.hadleftC.hasleftTheyinGuangzhousince2000.A.lived B.hadlivedC.havelivedThetrainfromBeijingtenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedThestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleanedFergietheprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishes D.hasfinished中考链接：—MayIspeaktotheheadmaster?（2012北京）—Heameetingnow.CanItakeamessage?D.willhaveA.D.willhaveIMr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai.（2012北京）A.didn'thearfrom B.don'thearfromC.won,thearfrom D.haven'theardfrom-WherewereyoulastSaturday?—IintheCapitalMuseum.（2012北京）A.amB.willbe C.was D.havebeenTheremanytreesinfrontofmyhousenow.（2013北京）A.isB.areC.wasD.WereMr.Green,afamouswriter,ourschoolnextweek.（2013北京）A.visitedB.visitsC.wasvisitingD.w川visit6.MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.（2013北京）A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo7.—Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon?—Itheclassroom.（2014北京）A.wascleaningB.havecleanedC.willclean D.Clean8.Heinthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.（2014北京）A.w川workB.works C.hasworkedD.isworking9.—Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?（2014北京）—Ioftenmygrandparents.A.visit B.visited C.havevisitedD.w川visitapicnicwithmybrotheryesterday.Itwasverygreat.（海淀一模）A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.amhavingLindaChineseforoneyearandshecanspeakgoodChinese.（海淀一模）A.learnB.learnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn-WhatdidMr.BrowndobeforehecametoChina?（朝阳一模）--Heinacarfactory.A.work B.workedC.isworkingD.willworkReadingReadthisarticleandaifswulh<<|iHslions.Adog'slifeTwobeggarswerewalkingalongaquietstreet.Athinlittledogwasfollowingthemhopefully.Oneofthebeggarssaid,*ItoldyouthisstreetwastooquietJoe.We'vegotne'foodnormoney,andnobody'sgoingtogiveusanythingonastreetlikethis."'That'strue,Pete,Whatwerethetwobeggarsdoing,andwhatwasalittledogdoing?Weretheyinanoisystreet?Didtheyhaveanyfoodormoney?Whatdidoneofthebeggarsjokeabout?Whatdidtheyseeinthedistance?Howfastwasittravelling?Whatdidthebeggarsdo?Anddidthedogdothesame?Joereplied.cWe'vehadabadday.We'lljusthavetoputupwith\unless,1headdedcheerfully/youeatthedog!Andthere'snotmuchmeatonhim!’Whatwerethetwobeggarsdoing,andwhatwasalittledogdoing?Weretheyinanoisystreet?Didtheyhaveanyfoodormoney?Whatdidoneofthebeggarsjokeabout?Whatdidtheyseeinthedistance?Howfastwasittravelling?Whatdidthebeggarsdo?Anddidthedogdothesame?Suddenly,theysawacarinthedistance.Itwascomingtowardsthemveryquickly.Betthebeggarsmovedtooneside,butthedogstayedinthemiddleoftheroad.Thedrivertriedtoslowdown,butitwastoolate.Thecarhitthedogandkilledit.Thedrivergotoutandapproachedthetwobeggars.'Poorlittledog/Petesaidsadly.I'mterriblysorry,1thedriversaid.cItriedtoavoidyourdog,butIcouldn't.'Hetookoutatwenty-poundnote.1Willthatbeallright?'heaskedanxiously,asheputthenoteintoPete'shand.'Yes,sir,thankyou,sir/Petereplied.*I'mterriblysorry!1thedriversaidagain,ashegotbackintohiscaranddroveaway.'Poorlittledog!'Petesaidagain,asheputthemoneyintohispocket.cWhosedogwasit,anyway?'Joeasked.Wh