2022年考研英语二答案解析(完整版)

2022考研英语（二）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA.B.CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou'reawriter,you'llfindthetime;andthatifyoucan'tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'tapriorityandyou'renotawriter.Forhimwritingisa(1)job—ajoblikeanyother.Hehas(2)itwithplumbing,pointingoutthataplumberdoesn'twakeupandsaythathecan'tworkwithpipestoday.(3).likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholdingdownajobtopaythebills.it'snot(4)tofindthetimetowriteButit'snotimpossibleItrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.(5)thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnalivingAndtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly(6)oftenhavetodootherworkto(7)theirwritingincome.AsHarlanCobenhassuggestedit'sa(8)ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you'llhaveto(9)someofyourday-to-day-activitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoyDependingonyour(10)andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic.thoughsomepeoplecanwrite(11)theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto(12)theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You'llhavetomakesocialmediaan(13)activityratherthanadailytime-consuming(14)There"llprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriendsanlesstimewithyourfamilyItsa(15)learningcurve.anditwon'talwaysmakeyoupopular.There'sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,(16)yourwriting-andthat'sreading.Andwriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan:it'stheone(17)supporter-somethingyoucan'tdowithout.Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the (18) itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas (19) aswecan,thatmeansprioritisingoutactivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,thatmeans—(20)—writing1.A.difficultB.normalC.steadyD.pleasant2.A.combinedB.comparedC.confusedD.confronted3.A.if B.ThroughC.OnceD.Unless4.A.enoughB.strangeC.wrongD.easy5.A.AccpectB.ExplainC.RememberD.Suppose6.A.well-knownB.well-advisedC.well-informedD.well-chosen7.A.donateB.generateC.supplementD.calculate8.A.causeB.purposeC.questionD.condition9.A.highlightB.sacrificeC.continueD.explore10.A.relationsB.interestsC.memoriesD.skills11.A.untilB.becauseC.whileD.before12.A.putupwithB.makeupofC.hangontoD.cutdownon13.A.intelligentB.occasionalC.intensiveD.emotional14.A.habitB.testC.decisionD.plan15.A.toughB.gentleC.rapidD.funny16.A.inplaceofB.inchargeofC.inresponsetoD.inadditionto17.A.indispensableB.innovativeC.invisibleD.instant18.A.dullerB.harderC.quieterD.quicker19.A.peacefullyB.generouslyC.productivelyD.gratefully20.A.atmostB.intumC.onaverageD.aboveallSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections::Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA.B.C.orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Onarecentsunnyday13.000chickensroamoverLarryBrown's40windsweptacresinShinerTexas.SomerestintheshadeofaparkedcarOthersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom.butit'sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionUS.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.Theseeggs.whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchasS8adozen.arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly.butthey'realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture-specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.I'mexcitedaboutourprogress"saysBrown,whoisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawworms.andcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements"allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.Theeggindustry'spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats.butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful.itcouldopenthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef.broccoli,andbeyondRegenerativeproductscouldbeahardsellbecausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly.saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany.improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-range.non-GMO.andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange.andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotectenvironment.Youngadults"reallycareabouttheplasaysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggsInnovations"areabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-ranon-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembsustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsmoreconcernedaboutclimatechange.andsomeotsuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkedushopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotectenvironment.Youngadults"reallycareabouttheplasaysJohnBrumnquell.presidentofEggInnovations"areabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatItthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.theclimate-friendlyeggsareproducted .ataconsiderablylowcostatthedemandofregularshoppersasareplacementfororganiceggsonspeciallydesignedfarmslarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin .reductingthedamageofaccelaratinythedisposalofuest[C].Creatinyasustainablesystem[D]Attratinycustomerstohisproductstheexampleoforganiceggsisusedintheparagraghiftosuggest .thedoubtstoovernaturalfeedsthesetbreaksintheeggsindustrythepotentialofregenerativeproductsthepromotionalsuccessofsupermarketsItcanbelearnedfromparagraphthatyoungpeople .arereluctanttochangetheirdietarelikelytobuyclimatefiendlyeggsarecuriousaboutnewfoodareamazedatagruculoureadvorces25JohnBrungvelwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoveregenerativeproducts .AmarketsprospectsstandarddefinitionmarketprospectmoriclimplicationText2MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingto asurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfofwhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown.thesurveyshowed.Financialneedsaren'ttheonlyculpritforthe"unretirement"trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy.includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.About72%of"unretiree"respondentssaidthattheywouldreturntoworkonceretiredtokeepmentallyfitwhile59%saiditwouldbetiedtomakingendsmeet."Theconceptofretirementisevolving."saidChristineRussell,seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement."Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.OlderAmericansarealsothefastest-growingsegmentoftheU.S.workforce,andboomersareexpectedtolivelongerthanpreviousgenerations.Thepercentageofretirement-agepeopleinthelaborforcehasdoubledoverthepastthreedecades.About20%ofpeople65andolderwereintheworkforceinFebruary,upfromanlowof10%inJanuary1985,accordingtomoneymanagerUnitedIncome.Becauseoflongerlifespans.Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveved2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10"unretirees"areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife.accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimatelyretiring."Weisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan'tretire.ThesurveyconductedbyHarisPollindicatesthat .overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforworktheoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoseoneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirementmoreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirementItcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat .retirementmaycauseproblemsforthemboredomcanberelievedafterretirementthementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked"unretirement"contributestotheeconomyRetirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto .laborshortagepopulationgrowthlongerlifeexpectancyrisinglivingcostsManyretireesareincreasinglyswinesby .investingmoreinstockstakingupoddjobsgettingwell-paidworkspendinglessWithregardtoretirement,BentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare .unpreparedunafraidDisappointedEnthusiasticText3Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedofrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally.inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexampleofpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,darkpatterns"isacatch-allternforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatters.rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststoroachmotel."whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart.butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53.000productpagesand11000websites.researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.BusinessandnonprofitleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengenderWhereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT.compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy.andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups.checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoiding"digitaldeception."Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns.mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)thatensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights."Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn'toptout.Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalrequlatons,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityformwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsobeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandards.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagrphsthatdarkpatterns A.improveuserexperienceB.leakuserinformationforprofitC.undermineusersdecision-makingD.remindusersofhiddebcostsThe2019studyondarkpatternismentionedtoshow A.theirmajorflawstheircomplexdesignstheirseveredamagetheirstrongpresenceTohandledigitaldeceptionbusinessshould A.listentocustomerfeedbacktalkwithrelevantteamsturntoindependentagenciesrelyonprofessionaltraningTheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAarentendedto .guideuserthoughopt-outprocessesprotectconsumersfrombeingtrickedgrantcompaniesdataprivacyrightrestrictaccesstoproblematiccontentAccordingtothelastparagraphakeytocopingwithdarkpattermsis .newlegalrequirementsbusinessself-disciplinestrictregulatorystandardsconsumers'safetyawareneText4Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsonsometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession'simpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEricSchwitzeebel.aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students'attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreducesenvironmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlargephilosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionallywatchedan11-mimutevideoonthetopicandjoinedadiscussion.Theotherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,theresearchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthatsemester-nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrarybooks.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchasescontainingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent-andthiseffectheldsteadyforthestudy'sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremainedat52percent."That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,"Schwitzgebelsays.PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannot ruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversiblebyanothernudge:Easycome,easygo.Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from socialinfluence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhavesharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousinghethinks,wasrationalargument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerroleNowtheresearchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants"eatinghabitsandstudents'videoexposure.Meanwhile.Schwitzgebel-whohadpredictednoeffectwillbeeatinghiswords.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare .hardtodeterminenarrowlyinterpreteddifficulttoignorepoorlysummarizedWhichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudymeateating?Itiscommonamongstudents.Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.Itisimportanttostudents'health.Itisahottopicinethicsclasses.EricSchwitzgebel'spreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors .areseldomcriticaloftheirstudentsarelesssociablethanotherprofessors.arenotsensitivetopoliticalissuesarenotnecessarilyethicallybetterNinaStrolmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis .permanentpredictableuncertainunrepeatableEricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents'changeinbehavior .canbringpsychologicalbenefitscanbeanalyzedstatisticallyisaresultofmultiplefactorsisasignofself-developmentPartBDirections：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs：41-45：.Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET：10points：[A]StartLow：GoSlow[B]RoundOutYourRoutine[C]TalkWithYourDoctor[D]MakeItaHabit[E]GoThroughtheMotions[F]Don'tGoItAlone[G]ListentoYourBodyMovingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression：lowerofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaimproveoverallalsohelpsbuildstrengthandstaminaMOREONSTAYINGFITTheMajorHealthBenefitsofEvenModestExerciseBestWaystoWorkOutonaTreadmillAHomeExercisePlanThatReallyWorksHowtoUseYourHeartRatetoHelpYouWorkOutBestEquipmentforaHomeGymGettingbackintoexercisecanbeachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetrickytoknowwheretostart.Andit'simportanttogettherightdoseofactivity."Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout,"saysMaryYoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.Followthisadvicetoreturntoexercisesafely.[A]StartLow,GoSlowDon'ttrytogobacktowhatyouwere-doingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwerewalking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesaweek,orlifting10-pounddumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,-reduceactivityto%mileeveryotherday.ornineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,orusedumbbellsforonesetof10reps.Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually."Thisisn'tsomethingyoucandoovernight,"Denaysays.Butyou'llreapbenefitssuchaslessanxietyandimprovedsleeprightaway.[G]ListentoYourBodyIfyou'rebreathingtoohardtotalkincompletesentences,backoff.Ifyoufeelgood,goalittlelongerorfaster.Feelingwipedoutafterasession?Goeasiernexttime.Andstayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately.[D]MakeItaHabitConsistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart,saysMarcusJackovitz,DPT,aphysicaltherapistattheUniversityofMiamiHospital.Alltheexpertswespokewithhighlyrecommendwalkingbecauseit'stheeasiest,mostaccessibleformofexercise.Althoughitcanbeaworkoutonitsown,ifyourgoalistogetbacktoZumbaclasses,tennis,cycling,oranyotheractivity.walkingisalsoagreatfirststep[E]GoThroughtheMotionsEvenifyoucan'tyetdoafavoriteactivity.youcanpracticethemoves.Withorwithoutacluborracket,swinglikeyou'rehittingtheball.Paddlelikeyou'reinakayakorcanoe.Mimicyourfavoriteswimmingstrokes.Theactionwill -remindyouofthejoytheactivitybroughtyouandprimeyourmusclesforwhenyoucangetoutthereagain,[F]Don'tGoItAloneExercisingwithothers"cankeepyouaccount-ableandmakeitmorefun,soyou'remorelikelytodoitagain."-Jackovitzsays.Youcandoactivitiessuchasgolfandtennisortakeawalkwithothersandstillbesociallydistant.Butwhenyoucan'tconnectinperson,considerusingtechnology.Chatonthephonewithafiendwhileyouwalkaroundyourneighborhood.Face TimeorZoomwitharelativeasyoustrengthtrainorstretchathome.unonaemorodemande.rsoffersthemforolderadults,ortryEverWalkforvirtualchallenges.Editor'sNote:AversionofthisarticlealsoappearedintheJanuary2021issueofConsumerReportsOnHealth.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Althoughwetryourbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned.Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpaintingmaterialsandthelackofexperienceandtechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievemaynotcometolifethewaythatyouexpected.Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou.Unexpectedresultshavetwobenefits:youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointmentandrealisethatwhenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.YoualsoquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreativesolutionstotheproblemsthepaintingpresentsandthinkingoutsidetheboxwillbecomeyourSecondnature.Infact,creativeproblem-solvingskillsareincrediblyusefulindailylife,withwhichyou'remorelikelytobeabletofindasolutionwhenproblemarises.：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：SectionIVWritingPartADirections:Supposeyouareplanningacampusfoodfestival,writeanemailtointernationalstudentsinyourUniversitytointroducethefoodfestival.andinvitethemtoparticipate.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETDonotuseyourownname,use"LiMing"instead.(10points)【参考范文】DearInternationalStudents.AsoneoftheorganizersofCampusCultureDepartment：IamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendthecomingFoodFestivalinourscho