2022年护士资格考试必考基础知识复习题库及答案（共640题）

2022年护士资格考试必考基础知识复习题库及答案/r/n(共640题)/r/n1.尸冷至与环境温度相同时，/r/n/r/n一般是在死亡后(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.10小时/r/n/r/nB.14小时/r/n/r/nC./r/n18小时/r/n/r/nD.20/r/n小时/r/n/r/nE.24小时/r/n2.用止血带止血时，不正确的方法是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n止血带不可过细或过窄/r/n/r/nB.记录扎止血带的时间/r/nC./r/n止血带松紧以远端动脉搏动微弱为宜/r/n/r/nD./r/n上止血带部位衬软垫/r/nE./r/n上肢出血应在上臂上1/3处扎止血带/r/n/r/nA./r/n胸外心脏按压/r/n/r/nB.开放呼吸道/r/n/r/nC./r/n人工呼吸/r/n/r/nD./r/n止血/r/n/r/nE./r/n转运病/r/n人/r/n4.胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔术前护理哪项不正确(/r/nE/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n禁/r/n食/r/n/r/nB.禁饮/r/n/r/nC./r/n胃肠减压/r/n/r/nD.严密观察生命体征和腹部情况/r/n/r/nE./r/n应用止痛药/r/n5.关于使用中的消毒剂、灭菌剂的监测，下列哪项是错误的(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n应进行生物和化学监测/r/nB./r/n生物监测：消毒剂每季度1/r/n次，其细菌含量必/r/n须<100/r/ncfu/r/n//r/nmL/r/n,不得检出致病性/r/n微生物/r/nC./r/n灭菌剂每月生物监测1次，不得检出任何微生物/r/nD./r/n含氯消毒剂、过氧乙酸等的浓度应每天监测/r/nE./r/n对戊二醛浓度的监测应每月不少于1次/r/n射存在，其意识状态为(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n清醒/r/n/r/nB./r/n嗜睡/r/n/r/nC./r/n浅昏迷/r/n/r/nD./r/n中昏迷/r/n/r/nE./r/n深昏迷/r/n7.少渣膳食要点(C/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n动物油/r/nE./r/n注意烹调方法/r/n8.突然发生的短暂的意识丧失为(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n癔症性痉挛/r/n/r/nB.癫痫/r/n/r/nC.错觉/r/n/r/nD.晕厥/r/n/r/nE./r/n昏迷/r/n9.外耳道疖感染肿胀时选用(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n酚甘油滴耳/r/n/r/nB.硼酸酒精滴耳/r/n/r/nC.氟哌酸滴耳/r/n/r/nD.鱼石脂甘油滴耳/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n氯/r/n10.颞下颌关节脱位行复位后用颅颌绷带固定时间为(/r/n/r/nD/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n11.戴无菌手套时，只许已消毒过的手接触(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n套口翻转部的内面/r/n/r/nB.套口翻转部的外面/r/n/r/nC./r/n手套的手指部/r/nD./r/n手套的掌背部/r/n/r/nE./r/n手套的任何部位/r/n12.下列细菌是目前医院内感染常见的细菌，但除外(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n葡萄球菌特别是金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌/r/nB./r/n大肠埃希菌/r/n/r/nC./r/n沙门菌/r/n/r/nD./r/n铜绿假单胞菌/r/n/r/nE./r/n肺炎杆菌/r/n13.下列哪项不是处理放射治疗时鼻出血病人的方法(/r/nB/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.2%麻黄碱滴鼻/r/n/r/nB.切忌颈外静脉结扎/r/n/r/nC.配血、备血/r/n/r/nD.前鼻腔填塞/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n后/r/n鼻孔填塞/r/n14.氰化物中毒的特效解毒剂是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/nNa/r/n2S2O3/r/n/r/nB./r/nNaNO/r/n2/r/n/r/nC./r/n细/r/n胞/r/n色/r/n素/r/nC/r/n/r/nD/r/n./r/n小剂量的亚甲/r/n蓝/r/n/r/nE./r/n亚硝/r/n酸钠-硫代硫酸钠/r/n15.脑血栓形成的临床表现不包括(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n失语/r/n/r/nB./r/n意识障碍/r/n/r/nC./r/n血性脑脊液/r/n/r/nD.偏瘫/r/n/r/nE./r/n偏盲/r/n16.必须立即执行的医嘱是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nC./r/n哌替啶/r/n50/r/nmg/r/n/r/nim/r/n/r/nq/r/n6/r/nh/r/n/r/nprn/r/n/r/n/r/n17.病人淋浴时水温不可过高，以免产生(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n眩晕/r/n/r/nB.虚脱/r/n/r/nC./r/n昏迷/r/n/r/nD./r/n疲劳/r/n/r/nE./r/n休克/r/n18.康复医学是/r/n一/r/n门(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n是一门语言矫治学/r/n/r/nB.研究残疾人和病人的社会心理学/r/n/r/nC.研究残疾/r/n人和病/r/nD./r/n是一门有关促进病、伤、残者恢复身体、精神和社会生活功能为目标的学科/r/nE./r/n是一门有关促进残疾人恢复的特殊教育学/r/n19.局部麻醉药中加入肾上腺素时，下列哪项是错误的(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n要现用现加/r/n/r/nB./r/n用量要准确/r/n/r/nC./r/n一次用量不超过14/r/nmg/r/n//r/nkg/r/n体重/r/nD./r/n药液色泽变黄不宜使用/r/n/r/nE./r/n高血压、冠心病者慎用/r/n20.关于灌肠的注意事项，下列哪项不正确(/r/n/r/nB/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n为病人解除便秘时，液体应保留5～10分钟/r/n/r/nB.为病人降温时，液体的/r/n温度/r/n宜为4℃/r/nC./r/n保留灌肠宜保留1小时以上/r/n/r/nD./r/n大量不保留灌肠的压力宜为40～60/r/ncmH/r/n2O/r/nE./r/n肝性脑病病人不能用肥皂水灌肠/r/n21.铁剂可用于治疗(C/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n22.三腔气囊管使用注意事项中，下列哪项不妥(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n充气量要适当/r/n/r/nB./r/n牵引宜适度/r/n/r/nC.经常抽吸胃内容物/r/n/r/nD./r/n拔管前宜/r/n服石蜡油/r/nE./r/n出血停止后口服少量流质/r/n23.烧伤休克补液治疗，第1个8小时输入24小时补液计划总量的(C/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n24.使用人工呼吸机的禁忌证是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n急性呼吸衰竭呼吸停止者/r/n/r/nB.肺通气明显不足/r/n者/r/n/r/nC./r/n大量胸腔积液者/r/n/r/nD./r/n慢性重症呼吸衰竭经治疗无效者/r/n/r/nE./r/n急性呼吸衰竭呼吸微弱经积极治疗无/r/n改善者/r/n25.输卵管结扎术常在哪个部位进行(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n输卵管子宫部/r/n/r/nB.输卵管峡部/r/n/r/nC.输卵管壶腹/r/n/r/nD.输卵管漏斗/r/n/r/nE./r/n输/r/n卵管任意部位/r/n26.引起呼吸衰竭的原因通常是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n组织换气严重障碍/r/n/r/nB./r/n二氧化碳排出功能障碍/r/n/r/nC./r/n血液/r/n碍/r/nD./r/n外呼吸功能障碍/r/n/r/nE./r/n内呼吸功能障碍/r/n27.服用时应避免与牙齿接触的药物是(/r/n/r/nC)/r/nA./r/n止咳糖浆/r/n/r/nB.棕色合剂/r/n/r/nC./r/n硫酸亚铁/r/n/r/nD./r/n碳酸氢钠/r/n/r/nE./r/n颠茄合剂/r/n28.致癌因素中，最多见的是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n化学因素/r/n/r/nB.心理因素/r/n/r/nC.物理因素/r/n/r/nD./r/n生物因素/r/n/r/nE.社会因素/r/n29.下列有关护理工作的描述，不正确的是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n各种治疗、护理、换药操作应按清洁伤口、感/r/n染伤口、隔离伤口依次进行/r/nB./r/n起封抽吸的各种溶媒超过36小时不得使用，最好采用大包装/r/nC./r/n无菌物品必须一人一用一灭菌/r/nD./r/n灭菌物品提倡使用小包装，无菌棉球或纱布罐一经打开，使用时间不得超过24/r/n小时/r/nE./r/n治疗室、处置室布局合理，清洁区、污染区分区明确/r/n30.某溃疡病并发幽门梗阻病人，因反复呕吐入院，/r/n血气分析结果为：/r/npH/r/n7.49,/r/nPaCO/r/n248/r/nmmHg/r/n,/r/nHCO/r/n3-36/r/nmmolL/r/n。该病人应诊断为/r/n(/r/n/r/nD/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n呼吸性碱中毒/r/n/r/nB.呼吸性酸中毒/r/n/r/nC.代谢性酸中毒/r/n/r/nD.代谢性碱中毒/r/n/r/nE./r/n混/r/n合性酸碱中毒/r/n31.医院污物的处理原则错误的是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nE./r/n脑/r/nCT/r/n检查/r/n/r/n/r/nA.30/r/n℃~/r/n32/r/n℃/r/n/r/nB.33/r/n℃~/r/n36/r/n℃/r/n/r/nC.38/r/n℃~/r/n40/r/n℃/r/n/r/nD.45/r/n℃~/r/n50/r/n℃/r/n34.含嘌呤最少的食物是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n猪肝/r/n/r/nB./r/n牛奶/r/n/r/nC./r/n豆腐/r/n/r/nD.猪肉/r/n/r/nE.鱼子/r/n35.50/r/nkg/r/n正常成人的血液总量有(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n36.称/r/n为智齿的是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n37.高血钾引起心律失常应立即(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n静脉注射11.2%乳酸钠溶液60/r/nMl/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/n静脉注射/r/n25%葡萄糖溶液60/r/nmL/r/nC./r/n静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙溶液20/r/nmL/r/n/r/nD/r/n.静脉注射11.2%乳酸钠溶液120/r/nmL/r/nE./r/n静脉注射25%葡萄糖溶液100/r/nmL/r/n38.关于小儿体温测量，下述哪项不正确(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n口腔测温法适应于所有6岁以上小儿/r/n/r/nB.腋下测温法安全、方便，但时间较/r/n长/r/n/r/nE./r/n肛温36.5℃~37.5℃为正常/r/n39.耳源性颅内并发症病人禁用(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n止呕药/r/n/r/nB./r/n止泻药/r/n/r/nC./r/n影响瞳孔变化的药物/r/n/r/nD./r/n缓泻药/r/n/r/nE.脱水/r/n药/r/n40.脊柱骨折最严重的并发症是(/r/n/r/nD/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n脂肪栓塞/r/n/r/nB.骨筋膜室综合征/r/n/r/nC./r/n压疮/r/n/r/nD./r/n脊髓损伤/r/n/r/nE./r/n周围神/r/n经损伤/r/n41.在输血前后和在两瓶血输入之间应输入少/r/n量(D)/r/nA.5%葡萄糖溶液/r/nB.4%碳酸氢钠溶液/r/nC.5%葡萄糖生理盐水/r/nD.0.9%氯化钠溶液/r/nE./r/n复方氯化钠溶液/r/n42.关于颅骨的发育，下述哪项错误(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n颅缝闭合时间为生后6～8周/r/n/r/nB./r/n后囟在出生时已很小或已闭合/r/nC./r/n前囟在1～1.5岁时闭合/r/n/r/nD.前囟早闭见于/r/n小头畸形/r/n/r/nE./r/n面部骨骼发育较颅骨/r/n晚/r/n43.一病人青霉素皮试为阴性，静脉滴注青霉素溶液约10分钟后出现胸闷、气促、/r/n面色苍白、血压下降。下列哪项护理措施是错误的(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n停止滴注青霉素，立即皮下注射0.1%的盐酸肾上腺素/r/n/r/nB./r/n病人平卧就地抢/r/n救/r/nC./r/n给予氧气吸入/r/n救/r/nD./r/n遵医嘱给予升压药/r/n/r/nE./r/n立即将病人搬入抢救室进行抢/r/n44.肾结核最常见的症状是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n肾积水/r/n/r/nB.尿频/r/n/r/nC./r/n肾区疼痛/r/n/r/nD.潮热、盗汗/r/n/r/nE.贫血/r/n45.哪一类水、电解质紊乱最容易发生低血容量性休克(/r/nA/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n低渗性脱水/r/n/r/nB.高渗性脱水/r/n/r/nC.等渗性脱水/r/n/r/nD.水中毒/r/n/r/nE.低钾血症/r/n46.下列哪项不是近距离后装治疗宫颈癌病人的护理措施(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.1:1000苯扎溴铵冲洗阴道/r/n/r/nB.有疼痛者不宜立即处理/r/nC./r/n清洁会阴部/r/n/r/nD.宫颈癌出血者，用无菌纱布填塞/r/n/r/nE.留观1～2小时，观察不良/r/n反应/r/n47.由瓶内倒取无菌溶液时，标签应(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n清楚/r/n/r/nB.向下/r/n/r/nC./r/n贴紧掌心/r/n/r/nD.醒目/r/n/r/nE./r/n避开掌心/r/n48.糖尿病病人的饮食治疗要求中，下列哪项正确(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n不控制总热量/r/n/r/nB.限制糖类进食量/r/n/r/nC.糖类提供总热量的50%～60%/r/nD./r/n蛋白质、脂肪各占20%～25%/r/n/r/nE./r/n少量多餐/r/n49./r/nABO/r/n血型不合引起的新生儿溶血病最常见于(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n母亲血型为“A”,新生儿血型为“B”/r/n/r/nB./r/n母亲血型为“B/r/n”,新生儿血型/r/n为“A”/r/nC./r/n母亲血型为“O”,新生儿血型为“A”或“B”/r/nD./r/n-母亲血型为“/r/nAB/r/n”,新生儿血型为“A”或“B”/r/nE./r/n母亲血型为“A”,新生儿血型为“A”/r/n50.给长期卧床病人进行按摩，错误的是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n每次翻身时应按摩病人骨隆突处，以促进血液循环/r/nB./r/n先从臀部上方开始沿脊柱两旁向上按摩，至肩部时转向下至臀部/r/nC./r/n力量要足够刺激肌肉组织/r/n/r/nD.如软组织已有损伤者应加大按摩/r/n的力度，以促/r/n进组织康复/r/nE./r/n再用拇指指腹由骶尾部开始沿脊柱按摩至第7颈椎处/r/n51.X线照片上所指的关节间隙，代表解剖学上的(E)/r/nA./r/n关节腔/r/n/r/nB.关节囊/r/n/r/nC.关节软骨/r/n/r/nD./r/n/r/n关节囊和关节腔/r/n/r/nE./r/n关节腔和关节/r/n软骨/r/n52.肾损伤病人绝对卧床时间为(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.2/r/n/r/n周/r/n/r/nB.尿液转清后/r/n/r/nC.1/r/n/r/n个月/r/n/r/nD.2/r/n/r/n个/r/n/r/n53.细菌性痢疾通常属于(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n纤维素性炎症/r/n/r/nB.化脓性炎症/r/n/r/nC.卡他性炎症/r/n/r/nD.浆液性炎症/r/n/r/nE.出血性/r/n炎症/r/n54.担负细胞免疫功能的细胞是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA/r/n./r/nT/r/n细胞/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/nK/r/n细胞/r/n/r/nC/r/n./r/nB/r/n细胞/r/n/r/nD/r/n./r/nNK/r/n细胞/r/n/r/nE./r/n巨噬细胞/r/n55.溃疡病病人腹痛剧烈，疑有穿孔并发症，禁止使用(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n阿托品/r/n/r/nB.西咪替丁/r/n/r/nC.灭吐灵/r/n/r/nD./r/n胃肠减压/r/n/r/nE.吗啡/r/n56.小儿能量代谢与成人的主要不同点是(C)/r/nA./r/n小儿基础代谢所需能量少，活动所需能量多/r/nB./r/n小儿基础代谢所需能量少，尚有生长发育/r/n需要能量/r/nC./r/n小儿基础代谢所需能量多，尚有生长发育需要能量/r/nD./r/n小儿排泄损失能量较多，尚有生长发育需要能量/r/nE./r/n小儿排泄损失能量较少，活动所需能量较多/r/n57.同侧脑神经麻痹及对侧偏瘫为(B)/r/nA./r/n单瘫/r/n/r/nB.交叉瘫/r/n/r/nC./r/n截瘫/r/n/r/nD./r/n偏瘫/r/n/r/nE./r/n脑瘫/r/n58.甲亢治疗方法中，哪种最易引起甲状腺功能减退(C)/r/nA./r/n甲硫氧嘧啶/r/n/r/nB.他巴唑/r/n/r/nC.放射性131/r/nI/r/n/r/nD/r/n.手术切除甲状腺/r/n/r/nE.中药/r/n治疗/r/n59.关于锐器伤的预防，错误的是(C)/r/nA./r/n如不慎发生锐器伤，应立即采取相应的保护措施，清创，对创面/r/n进行严格消毒/r/n处理/r/nB./r/n对发生锐器伤者进行血源性疾病的检查和随访/r/nC./r/n被/r/nHBV/r/n阳性病人血液、体液污染了的锐器刺伤，应在1周内注射乙/r/n型肝炎高效/r/n价免疫球蛋白/r/nD./r/n被/r/nHBV/r/n阳性病人血液、体液污染的锐器刺伤，应进行血液乙型肝炎标志/r/n物检查/r/n/r/nE./r/n被/r/nHBV/r/n阳性病人血液、体液污染了的锐器刺伤，血液乙型肝炎标志物阴性者按/r/n规定接种乙型肝炎疫苗/r/n60.不属于栓塞疗法的用药是(A)/r/nA./r/n甘油乳剂/r/n/r/nB.明胶海绵/r/n/r/nC.无水酒精/r/n/r/nD./r/n聚乙烯醇/r/n/r/nE./r/n不锈钢圈/r/n61.下列哪种胎位分娩最困难(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n右枕前位/r/n/r/nB.右枕后位/r/n/r/nC./r/n左骶后位/r/n/r/nD.左骶/r/n前位/r/n/r/nE./r/n颏后位/r/n62.细菌不进入血液，只有其产生的毒素进入血液，引起全身症状，称为(C)/r/nA./r/n菌血症/r/n/r/nB./r/n败血症/r/n/r/nC.毒血症/r/n/r/nD.脓毒血症/r/n/r/nE./r/n病毒血症/r/n63.皮内注射的皮肤消毒剂为(C)/r/nA.络合碘/r/n/r/nB/r/n.2%碘酊和70%乙醇/r/n/r/nC.70%乙/r/n醇/r/n/r/nD.0.1%苯扎溴铵/r/nE.2%过氧化氢/r/n64.乳糖不耐症病人不宜吃(B/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n65.传染性肝炎病人排泄物的处理最好选用(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n来苏/r/n/r/nB.新洁尔灭/r/n/r/nC./r/n漂白粉/r/n/r/nD./r/n石炭酸/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n乳酸/r/n/r/nA./r/n在股三角内由骼外动脉发出/r/n/r/nB.行于股神经外侧/r/n/r/nC./r/n行于股静脉内侧/r/nD./r/n行于股静脉外侧/r/n/r/nE.行于股深动脉内侧/r/n67.氧疗对哪型缺氧效果最好(B)/r/nA./r/n血液性缺氧/r/n/r/nB./r/n低张性缺氧/r/n/r/nC.循环性缺氧/r/n/r/nD.组织性缺氧/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n混/r/n68.乳腺单纯癌是指(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n分化好的癌/r/n/r/nB.预后好的癌/r/n/r/nC.恶性程度低/r/n/r/nD.较晚发生转移的癌/r/n/r/nE./r/n分/r/n69.日间备用医嘱的失效时间是(A)/r/nA./r/n当/r/n7/r/npm/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/n次日7/r/npm/r/n/r/nC/r/n.7/r/nam/r/n/r/nD/r/n.7/r/npm/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n12/r/nam/r/n进行医学观察的天数为(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n71.严格掌握扁桃体的手术指征是为了避免(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n共鸣障碍/r/n/r/nB.免疫监视障碍/r/n/r/nC.咽淋巴的破坏/r/n/r/nD.咽隐窝/r/n缺损/r/n/r/nE.减少细/r/n72.转抄医嘱时如为免试药物，护士应用蓝钢笔在医嘱单上该条医嘱后标志(D)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n73.对于膀胱高度充盈的病人，第一次放尿不应超过(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n74.暂空床的目的是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n保持病室整洁，准备病人住院/r/nB./r/n便于接收和管理麻醉后未清醒病人/r/nC./r/n保持床单位整洁、舒适/r/nD./r/n供暂时离床活动的病人或新入院的病人/r/n使用/r/nE./r/n保护被褥不被污染/r/n75.关于消毒灭菌方法的选择，错误的是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n耐热耐湿的物品首选压力蒸气灭菌法灭菌/r/n/r/nB.手术器具与物品首选压力蒸气/r/n灭菌法灭菌/r/nC./r/n消毒首选物理方法，不能用物理方法消毒时选择化学消毒方/r/n法消毒/r/nD./r/n不耐热的物品如各种导管、精密仪器、人工移植物可以选择化学灭菌方法，如/r/nE./r/n化学灭菌剂浸泡灭菌方便实用，应加以推广/r/n76.使用20%甘露醇治疗脑水肿时应该(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n缓慢滴注/r/n/r/nB.快速推注/r/n/r/nC.一次剂量在半小时内滴完/r/n/r/nD./r/n一次剂量在2/r/n小时内滴完/r/nE./r/n速度快慢不影响疗效/r/n77.结膜炎的治疗中，哪一项是错误的(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n冲洗结膜囊/r/n/r/nB.冷敷/r/n/r/nC.局部点用抗生素/r/n/r/nD.全身应用抗生素/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n遮/r/n78.下列哪项不属于对医务人员的“四轻”要/r/n求(C)/r/nA./r/n说话轻/r/n/r/nB.走路轻/r/n/r/nC.开窗轻/r/n/r/nD.操作轻/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n关门轻/r/n79.癫痫持续状态的治疗首选药物是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n苯妥英钠/r/n/r/nB.地西泮/r/n/r/nC.苯巴比妥钠/r/n/r/nD.水合氯醛/r/n/r/nE./r/n异戊巴比妥/r/n80.三腔气囊管使用过程中发生室息的原因是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n喉头水肿/r/n/r/nB.牵引过紧/r/n/r/nC./r/n胃气囊阻塞咽喉/r/n/r/nD.血液反流至气管/r/n/r/nE.食管/r/n气囊充气过多/r/n81.测体温时病人不慎咬破玻璃水银体温计，首先应/r/n(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n立即服大量蛋白水或牛奶/r/n/r/nB./r/n立即服大量蛋清/r/n/r/nC.立即服泻药/r/nD./r/n立即服大量的韭菜/r/n/r/nE./r/n及时清除口腔内玻璃碎屑/r/n82.诊断脑出血最迅速、最可靠的检查是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n脑脊液检查/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/n头颅/r/nCT/r/n扫描/r/n/r/nC.脑血管照影/r/n/r/nD.脑电图检查/r/n/r/nE.头颅/r/nMRI/r/n检查/r/n83.属于自身免疫性疾病的是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n癫/r/n痫/r/n/r/nB.脑栓塞/r/n/r/nC.重症肌无力/r/n/r/nD.精神分裂症/r/n/r/nE.脑出血/r/n84.护士在护理服用洋地黄药物的病人时，下列哪项不妥(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n询问病人不适主诉/r/n/r/nB./r/n给药前先数心率/r/n/r/nC.观察洋地黄药物浓度/r/nD./r/n心率<60次//r/nmin/r/n,不能给药/r/n/r/nE./r/n嘱病人如果一次漏服，下一/r/n次要加量补服/r/n85.烧/r/n伤休克的主要原因是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n大量红细胞丧失/r/n/r/nB.大量水分蒸发/r/n/r/nC./r/n疼痛/r/n/r/nD.大量/r/n体液从血管内渗出/r/nE./r/n创面感染/r/n86.青霉素引起的过敏性休克属(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n混合型超敏反应/r/n/r/nB.IV型超敏反应/r/n/r/nC.Ⅲ型超敏反应/r/n/r/nD./r/nⅡ型超敏/r/n反应/r/nE.I型超敏反应/r/n87.肺性脑病早期病人头痛、烦躁、失眠时可用的镇静药为(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n巴比妥类药/r/n/r/nB.奋乃静或10%水合氯醛/r/n/r/nC.地西泮/r/n/r/nD.艾司/r/n唑仑/r/n/r/nE./r/n安眠酮/r/n活动能力评级为(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n的主要原因属于(/r/n/r/nB/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n生理方面/r/n/r/nB.病理方面/r/n/r/nC./r/n心理方面/r/n/r/nD.环境方面/r/n/r/nE.社会方面/r/n90.在体温单40～42℃之间相应时间栏内纵/r/n行填写的是(/r/n/r/nB/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n入院日期/r/n/r/nB.入院时间/r/n/r/nC.手术后日期/r/n/r/nD.特殊用药时间/r/n/r/nE./r/n检查、治/r/n疗时间/r/n91.中老年男性出现无痛血尿，应首先考虑(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n前列腺增生/r/n/r/nB.前列腺炎/r/n/r/nC./r/n膀胱肿瘤/r/n/r/nD./r/n膀胱炎/r/n/r/nE./r/n肾结石/r/n92.下列哪种情况无须预防应用抗生素(/r/n/r/nD/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n结肠手术/r/n/r/nB./r/n胃癌根治术/r/n/r/nC./r/n骼内动脉瘤手术/r/n/r/nD.慢性阑尾炎阑尾/r/n切除术/r/nE./r/n胰十二指肠切除术/r/n93.外耳道活动性异物的取出方法为(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nC./r/n应设法停止其活动后/r/n再取出/r/nD./r/n用盯聘钩钩取/r/nE./r/n让其自行爬出/r/n94.动脉硬化病人宜食用(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n低蛋白饮食/r/n/r/nB.低纤维膳食/r/n/r/nC.低胆固醇饮食/r/n/r/nD.低盐/r/n膳食/r/n/r/nE.高钾低/r/n钠膳食/r/n95.幽/r/n门梗阻病人术前胃肠道准备内容为(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n禁食输液/r/n/r/nB.术前3天每晚洗胃/r/n/r/nC.清洁灌肠/r/n/r/nD./r/n口服/r/n肠道制菌药/r/n/r/nE./r/n应用维生素K/r/n96.普鲁卡因青霉素之所以能长效，是因为(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n改变了青霉素的化学结构/r/n/r/nB.抑制排泄/r/n/r/nC.减慢了吸收/r/n/r/nD.延缓分解/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n加/r/n进了增效剂/r/n97./r/n口腔护理的目的不包括(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n保持口腔清洁/r/n/r/nB./r/n防止口臭、口垢/r/n/r/nC./r/n观察口腔/r/n黏膜及舌苔/r/nD./r/n清除口腔内一切细菌/r/n/r/nE.预防口腔感染/r/n98.急性肾衰竭少尿无尿早期主要死亡原因是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n低钙血症/r/n/r/nB.低钠血症/r/n/r/nC./r/n高钾血症/r/n/r/nD.低钾血症/r/n/r/nE.高镁血/r/n症/r/n99.给病人施行导尿术前，对病人的评估不包括(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n意识状态/r/n/r/nB.膀胱充盈程度/r/n/r/nC./r/n合作程度/r/n/r/nD./r/n进食习惯/r/n/r/nE.健康/r/n知识/r/n100.输入大量库存过久的血液可导致(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n高钠血症/r/n/r/nB./r/n低钠血症/r/n/r/nC.低钾血症/r/n/r/nD./r/n高钾血症/r/n/r/nE./r/n低镁/r/n血症/r/n101.病人赵某，输血15分钟后感觉头胀、四肢麻木、腰背部剧痛，脉细弱。血压/r/n下降，下列护理措施错误的是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n减慢输血速度/r/n/r/nB.立即通知医师/r/n/r/nC./r/n热水袋敷腰部/r/n/r/nD./r/n观察血压、尿/r/n量/r/nE./r/n取血标本和余血送检血型鉴定和交叉试验/r/n102/r/n./r/n1型糖尿病的特点是(A)/r/nA./r/n多为幼年和青年发病/r/n/r/nB.起病较缓慢/r/n/r/nC./r/n血糖波动较小/r/n/r/nD./r/n不易发生酮/r/n症酸中毒/r/nE./r/n一般无须胰岛素治疗/r/n103.佝偻病活动期的主要临床表现是(B)/r/nA./r/n精神神经症状、夜惊、烦躁/r/n/r/nB.骨骼系统改变/r/n/r/nC/r/n./r/n出汗多/r/n/r/nD.反复无热惊/r/n厥/r/nE./r/n手足搐搦/r/n104.出生后1～3个月内母乳喂养的婴儿不做预/r/n防注射的原因之一是(D)/r/nA./r/n此时注射疫苗只诱导产生细胞免疫/r/n/r/nB./r/n婴儿因/r/n疫苗的注射而患病/r/nC./r/n婴儿处于免疫耐受状态/r/n/r/nD.抗体的反馈抑制作用/r/n/r/nE./r/n/r/n婴儿处于免疫抑制/r/n状态/r/n105.下列预防压疮的措施不妥的是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n避免局部长期受压/r/nB.避免潮湿、摩擦及排泄物的刺激/r/nC./r/n增进局部血液/r/n循环/r/nD./r/n勤换衣服、床单/r/nE./r/n增加营养的摄入/r/n休息2周/r/n106.仰卧屈膝位适用于何种病人(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n腰部检查/r/n/r/nB./r/n胸部检查/r/n/r/nC./r/n腹部检查/r/n/r/nD.会阴检查/r/n/r/nE./r/n背部检/r/n查/r/n107.下列哪项不是近距离后装治疗宫颈癌病人的护理措施(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n治疗前用1:1000苯扎溴铵溶液冲洗阴道/r/n/r/nB./r/n有疼痛者不宜立即处理/r/nC./r/n清洁会阴部/r/n/r/nD.宫颈癌出血者，用无菌纱布填塞/r/n/r/nE.治疗后留观1～2/r/n小时，观/r/n108.阿司匹林发挥解热作用，其作用部位是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n大脑皮质/r/n/r/nB.丘脑下部/r/n/r/nC./r/n丘脑中部/r/n/r/nD./r/n丘脑上部/r/n/r/nE./r/n延髓腹侧/r/n109.血液透析病人的饮食，哪项不合适(D)/r/nA./r/n高蛋白/r/n/r/nB.高维生素/r/n/r/nC.适当限制钠盐/r/n/r/nD.高钾/r/n/r/nE./r/n清淡易消化/r/n110.不适合昏迷病人口腔护理的用物是(D)/r/nA./r/n石蜡油/r/n/r/nB.压舌板/r/n/r/nC.弯血管钳/r/n/r/nD.吸水管/r/n/r/nE.治疗碗/r/n111.肾损伤病人绝对卧床时间为(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA/r/n./r/n2/r/n周/r/n/r/nB.尿液转清后/r/n/r/nC.1/r/n/r/n个/r/n月/r/n/r/nD.不需卧床休息/r/n/r/nE.尿液转/r/n112.颅脑外伤病人出现下列哪项提示颅后窝骨折(B/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n113.保护易感人群采用的各种免疫措施中最重要的是(D)/r/nA./r/n转移因子等免疫激活剂/r/n/r/nB.高效价免疫球蛋白/r/n/r/nC.丙种/r/n球蛋白/r/n/r/nD/r/n./r/n疫/r/nE./r/n药物预防/r/n114.下列哪项不属于人类的生理需要(C/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n115.三级医院评审标准，下列护理质量指标哪项是错误的(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n一人一针一管一用一灭菌执行率100%/r/n/r/nB.住院病人治疗饮食就餐率100%/r/nC./r/n病床使用率适宜范围为98%～100%/r/n/r/nD.住院病人就餐率≥80%/r/n/r/nE.无菌手术切/r/n口感染率≤0.5%/r/n116.应用破伤风抗毒素的目的是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n杀死破伤风梭菌/r/n/r/nB./r/n中和血液中游离毒素/r/n/r/nC./r/n抑制破伤风梭菌生/r/n长/r/nD./r/n中和与神经结合的毒素/r/n/r/nE./r/n清除毒素来源/r/n117.急性肾衰竭常见于(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n大量激素应用/r/n/r/nB.严重颅脑外伤/r/n/r/nC.大面积烧伤/r/n/r/nD.急/r/n性阑尾炎/r/n/r/nE.肾挫/r/n伤/r/n118.测量血压，被测者坐位或仰卧位时，肱动脉应分别平/r/n(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n第/r/n/r/n3肋软骨，腋中线/r/n/r/nB.第4肋软骨，腋中线/r/n/r/nC./r/n第/r/n/r/n5肋软骨，腋前线/r/nD./r/n第/r/n/r/n6肋软骨，腋后线/r/n/r/nE.第6肋软骨，腋前线/r/n119.海(水)产品或盐腌渍品常引起下列哪一类食物中毒(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n沙门菌食物中毒/r/n/r/nB./r/n嗜盐菌食物中毒/r/n/r/nC./r/n变形杆菌食物中毒/r/nD./r/n葡萄球菌食物中毒/r/n/r/nE./r/n肉毒杆菌食物中毒/r/n应是(A)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n121.物理降温后半小时测得的体温记录应(/r/nB)/r/nA./r/n在降温前的同一纵格内用红点红虚线表示/r/n圈红虚线表示/r/nC./r/n在降温前的同一纵格内用蓝点蓝圈表示/r/n蓝虚线表示/r/nE./r/n在降温前的下一纵格用蓝圈红虚线表示/r/nB./r/n在降温前的同一纵格内用红/r/nD./r/n在降温前的下一纵格用蓝圈/r/n122.当外界温度高于人体皮肤温度时，人体唯一/r/n的散热方式是(D)/r/nA./r/n辐射/r/n/r/nB./r/n传导/r/n/r/nC.对流/r/n/r/nD.蒸发/r/n/r/nE./r/n反射/r/n123.膀胱肿瘤术后化学治疗灌注常用药物为(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n等渗盐水/r/n/r/nB.0.02%呋喃西林/r/n/r/nC.塞替派/r/n/r/nD.3%硼酸溶液/r/n/r/nE./r/n庆大/r/n124.不宜用于治疗胃溃疡的药物是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n前列腺合成剂/r/n/r/nB.甲氰咪胍/r/n/r/nC./r/n丙谷胺/r/n/r/nD./r/n三钾橼络合铋/r/n/r/nE./r/n阿托/r/n品/r/n125.对截瘫病人的护理不包括(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n保持肢体功能位置/r/n/r/nB.保护角膜/r/n/r/nC.防止泌尿系感染/r/n/r/nD./r/n勤/r/n翻身防止压/r/n疮形成/r/nE./r/n保持大小便通畅/r/n126.氢化可的松的主要作用是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n降低血糖/r/n/r/nB./r/n减少嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞/r/n/r/nC./r/n减少体内水的排出/r/nD./r/n减少血小板和红细胞/r/n/r/nE./r/n激活儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶/r/n127.诊断原发性甲状腺功能减退最敏感的试验是(E)/r/nA./r/n基础代谢率测定/r/n/r/nB./r/n血清胆固醇测定/r/n/r/nC./r/n红细胞三碘甲腺原氨酸摄取/r/nD./r/n甲状腺摄131I率测定/r/n/r/nE.血清促甲状腺激素(/r/nTSH/r/n)测定/r/n128.目前引起输血后肝炎的主要肝炎病毒为(/r/nC/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n甲性肝炎病毒/r/n/r/nB.乙型肝炎病毒/r/n/r/nC.丙型肝炎病毒/r/n/r/nD.戊型肝炎病毒/r/n/r/nE./r/n庚/r/n型肝炎病毒/r/n129.治疗质量指标不包括下列哪项(E/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nE./r/n无菌手术切口感染率/r/n130.消毒是指(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n抑制微生物生长繁殖/r/nB./r/n杀死含芽胞的细菌/r/n/r/nC./r/n使物体上无/r/n活菌存在/r/nD./r/n杀死物体上的病原微生物/r/nE./r/n杀灭物体上所有的微生物/r/n131.休克病人尿量稳定在每小时多少以上时，表示休克已纠正(B)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n132.麻醉中血压升高常见的原因不包括(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n气管内插管和拔管的刺激/r/n/r/nB./r/n麻醉过浅/r/n/r/nC./r/n局部麻醉药中肾上腺/r/nD./r/n颅内压增高/r/n/r/nE./r/n过度通气/r/n/r/nA.10余小时或1～2天/r/n/r/nB.6小时/r/n/r/nC/r/n./r/n3/r/n～/r/n4/r/n天/r/n/r/nD/r/n./r/n6/r/n天/r/n/r/nE/r/n.5/r/n～/r/n6/r/n天/r/n134.急性巴比妥类药中毒时最主要的并发症和致死原因是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n呼吸和循环衰竭/r/n/r/nB.中毒性休克/r/n/r/nC.大出血/r/n/r/nD.急性肾衰竭/r/n/r/nE.脑细胞中/r/n135.引起慢性肾衰竭最常见的原因是(E)/r/nA./r/n慢性肾盂肾炎/r/n/r/nB.肾结核/r/n/r/nC.多囊肾/r/n/r/nD.全身性红斑狼疮/r/n/r/nE.慢性肾小/r/n136.引起猝死最常见的心律失常是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n心房颤动/r/n/r/nB.心房扑动/r/n/r/nC.心室颤动/r/n/r/nD.阵发性室上性心动过速/r/n/r/nE.频发性室/r/n性期前收缩/r/n137.确定一种传染病的隔离期是根据该病人(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n传染性大小/r/n/r/nB.病情严重程度/r/n/r/nC.病程的长短/r/n/r/nD.潜伏期长短/r/n/r/nE./r/n病人的/r/n体质强弱/r/n138./r/n口臭病人应选择的漱口液是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA/r/n./r/n1%～4%碳酸氢钠溶液/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/n1%～3%过氧化氢溶液/r/n/r/nC.0.1%醋酸溶液/r/nD.2%～3%硼酸溶液/r/n139.护理记录单上记录24小时总出入水量用(A)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nA.7/r/n～/r/n10cm/r/n/r/nB.15/r/n～/r/n20cm/r/n/r/nC.20/r/n～/r/n30cm/r/n/r/nD.30/r/n～/r/n40cm/r/n/r/nE.40/r/n~/r/n141.与肝癌发病关系密切的因素是(A)/r/nA./r/n黄曲霉毒素/r/n/r/nB.紫外线照射C.镍和镍的化合物/r/n/r/nD./r/n砷和砷的化合物E.双氯甲/r/n142.脑疝急救首选(A/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n144.某人的血清中存在两种不同的抗体即抗A和抗B,此人的血型为(C)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n145.康复期护理比慢性病期护理更为强调(/r/nD)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n锻炼/r/nE./r/n创造重返社会条件/r/n146.对于狂犬病病人应实行哪种隔离(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n严格隔离/r/n/r/nB.消化道隔离/r/n/r/nC.血液体液隔离/r/n/r/nD.呼吸道隔离/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n接/r/n触隔离/r/n147.关于输血科预防医院内感染的措施，下列哪项是错误的(B)/r/nA./r/n保持环境清洁，每天清洁桌面/r/n/r/nB./r/n被血液污染的台面可用苯扎溴铵消毒/r/n处理/r/nC./r/n血浆置换术应在Ⅱ类环境中进行并注意消毒隔离/r/nD./r/n工作人员上岗前应注射乙型肝炎疫苗，并/r/n定期检查抗体水平/r/nE./r/n每月对储血冰箱的内壁进行生物学监测，不得检出致病性微生物和真菌/r/n148.高热病人应用冰袋降温时，冰袋不能放置在(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n前/r/n额/r/n/r/nB./r/n头顶/r/n/r/nC./r/n腋下/r/n/r/nD.心前区/r/n/r/nE./r/n腹股沟/r/n149.输液速度过快导致急性肺水肿的特征性/r/n症状是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n呼吸困难、发绀/r/n/r/nB.胸闷气促、烦躁不安/r/nC./r/n心悸、恶心、呕吐/r/nD./r/n呼吸困难、咳嗽、胸闷、咳粉红色泡沫痰/r/nE./r/n寒战、高热、呼吸困难/r/n150.一病人吸氧的流量为4L//r/nmin/r/n,其吸氧的浓度是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n151.需要同时服用下列药物时，应最后服用的是(C)/r/nA./r/n维生素/r/nC/r/n/r/nB/r/n./r/n维生素B1/r/n/r/nC./r/n止咳糖浆/r/n/r/nD./r/n头孢/r/n拉定/r/n/r/nE./r/n复方/r/n152.关于食管的狭窄，下列哪项是正确的(C)/r/nA./r/n第一狭窄相当于第7颈椎的下缘/r/n/r/nB.第二狭窄距中切牙20/r/ncm/r/n/r/nC/r/n.第二狭窄相当/r/n于胸骨角平面/r/nD./r/n第三狭窄相当于第11胸椎平面/r/n/r/nE.第三狭窄/r/n距中切牙45/r/ncm/r/n153.鉴别糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗性非酮症糖尿病/r/n昏迷的主要症状为(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n神志改变/r/n/r/nB.多饮多尿症状明显/r/n/r/nC.局限性抽搐/r/n/r/nD.血压偏低/r/n/r/nE./r/n154.胃溃疡疼痛规律为(E/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n155.变应性鼻炎为(/r/n/r/nA/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/nI型超敏反应/r/n/r/nB./r/nⅡ型超敏反应/r/n/r/nC./r/n鼻黏膜无水肿/r/n/r/nD.主要变/r/n应原为/r/nE./r/n与季节变化无关系/r/n156.最常见的咯血原因是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n支气管扩张/r/n/r/nB.慢性支气管炎/r/n/r/nC.肺结核/r/n/r/nD.支气管肺癌/r/n/r/nE./r/n风湿性心脏/r/n病二尖瓣狭窄/r/n157.决定血浆胶体渗透压的主要物质是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n球蛋白/r/n/r/nB.脂蛋白/r/n/r/nC.糖蛋白/r/n/r/nD.补体/r/n/r/nE./r/n清蛋白/r/n158.慢性肾炎肾病型在用氮芥治疗中应特别注意观察(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n消化道症状/r/n/r/nB.出血性膀胱炎/r/n/r/nC./r/n/r/n肝功能损害/r/n/r/nD./r/n白细胞减少/r/n/r/nE./r/n脱发/r/n159.预/r/n防放射性肺炎的重要措施是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n避免癌细胞扩散，禁用激素/r/n/r/nB.少用抗生素/r/n/r/nC.大剂量联合化学治疗/r/nD./r/n大剂量博来霉素/r/n/r/nE./r/n大面积照射时，放射剂量应控制/r/n在30/r/nGy/r/n以下/r/n160.下列除哪项外均可能为颅内压骤然增高导/r/n致脑疝的诱因(A)/r/nA./r/n腰椎穿刺/r/n/r/nB.呼吸道梗阻/r/n/r/nC.便秘/r/n/r/nD.癫痫发作/r/n/r/nE.情绪激动/r/n161.无菌手术感染率标准值为(A/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n162.低钾血症是指血清钾浓度低于(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nmmol/r/nL/r/n/r/nB/r/nmmol/r/nL/r/n/r/nC/r/nmmol/r/nL/r/n/r/nD/r/nmm/r/n163.下列哪项不是维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期的临床表现(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n易激惹/r/n/r/nB.睡眠不安/r/n/r/nC.多汗/r/n/r/nD.枕秃/r/n/r/nE/r/n./r/n惊/r/n厥/r/n164.休克发生持续时间超过多少小时容易继发内脏器官的损害(C)/r/nA.8小时/r/n/r/nB.9小时/r/n/r/nC./r/n10小时/r/n/r/nD./r/n12小时/r/n/r/nE/r/n.14小时/r/n165.典型偏头痛与普通型偏头痛的区别在于(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n畏/r/n光/r/n/r/nB.阳性家族史/r/n/r/nC.偏侧头痛/r/n/r/nD.视觉先兆/r/n/r/nE.恶心、/r/n呕吐/r/n166.可/r/n以上人工呼吸机的病人是(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n心肌梗死/r/n/r/nB.大量的活动性咯血/r/n/r/nC.大量/r/n胸腔积液/r/n/r/nD./r/n严重的/r/n气胸/r/nE./r/n呼吸骤停经各种治疗无效者/r/n167.目前糖尿病主要死亡原因是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n心血管并发症/r/n/r/nB./r/n糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷/r/n/r/nC.神经病变/r/nD./r/n高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷/r/n/r/nE./r/n感染/r/n168.无菌包被无菌等渗盐水浸湿后应(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n晾干后再使用/r/n/r/nB.烘干后使用/r/n/r/nC.立即使用完/r/n/r/nD.4小时内用完/r/n/r/nE.停止使/r/n用，重新灭菌/r/n169.小儿各系统器官发育最迟的是(A/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n生殖器官/r/n/r/nB.神经系统/r/n/r/nC./r/n淋巴系统/r/n/r/nD./r/n脂肪组/r/n织/r/n/r/nE./r/n肌肉组织/r/n170.炎/r/n性水肿产生的主要机制是(C)/r/nA./r/n淋巴管阻塞引起淋巴回流障碍/r/n/r/nB.组织间液流体静压增高/r/n/r/nC./r/n微血管壁/r/n通透性增高/r/nD./r/n组织间液胶体渗透压升高/r/n/r/nE./r/n病灶血管内血浆胶体渗/r/n透压降低/r/n171.食管第二狭窄的位置相当于(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n第1～第2胸椎之间高度/r/n/r/nB.第2～第3胸椎之间高/r/n度/r/n/r/nC./r/n第3～第4胸椎/r/n之间高度/r/nD./r/n第4～第5胸椎之间高度/r/n/r/nE.第5～第6胸椎之间高度/r/n172.介入治疗后病人的休息与活动下列哪项是错误的(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n安起搏器者卧床3～5天/r/n/r/nB.伸直术侧肢体安静休息/r/n/r/nC.用沙袋压迫穿刺部/r/n位4～6小时/r/nD./r/n一般介入治疗后绝对卧床12～24小时/r/n/r/nE./r/n安起搏器者取右侧卧位/r/n173./r/n口腔真菌感染漱口液选择(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n1%～2%甲紫B./r/n1%～3%碳酸氢钠溶液C.0./r/n1%利凡诺溶液/r/n/r/nD.0.02%呋喃西林/r/nE./r/n复方硼砂溶液/r/n174.下列哪项不是白血病的临床表现(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.发热/r/n/r/nB./r/n出血/r/n/r/nC./r/n血糖降低/r/n/r/nD./r/n贫血/r/n/r/nE./r/n器官浸润/r/n175.在三测单上用红钢笔纵行在40℃~42℃相应/r/n时间栏内填写的内容，不包括下/r/n列哪项/r/nA./r/n入/r/n院/r/n/r/nB.出院/r/n/r/nC./r/n分娩/r/n/r/nD./r/n抢救/r/n/r/nE.手术/r/n176/r/n./r/nDIC/r/n最主要的病理特征是(B)/r/nA./r/n大量微血栓形成/r/n/r/nB.凝血功能失常/r/n/r/nC.纤溶过程亢进/r/n/r/nD.凝血物质大量消耗/r/nE./r/n溶血性贫血/r/n177.有关病毒的叙述，错误的是(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n体积微小，绝大多数病毒必须在电镜下才能观察/r/nB./r/n结构简单，由蛋白质外壳和核酸组成，其核酸/r/n只含/r/nRNA/r/n或/r/nDNA/r/nC./r/n缺乏酶系统，只能在相应的活细胞内增殖/r/nD./r/n病毒以分裂的方式增殖/r/n/r/nE./r/n病毒对抗生素类药物不敏感/r/n178.从上午10:00开始输液，液体总量为1500/r/nmL/r/n,输液速度为60滴//r/nmin/r/n,其输液/r/n结束的时间应是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n179.新生儿生理性体重下降，最多不超过出生体重的(A)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n180.男，42岁，发热2周，伴进行性贫血，全身乏力，急诊入院。体温39.2℃,/r/n脉搏98次//r/nmin/r/n,B超检查提示脾大，初诊为亚急性心内膜炎，需做血培养进一步/r/n明确诊断。该病人应取血(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n181.下列哪项内容有助于区别肾盂肾炎和膀胱炎(D)/r/nA./r/n尿频、尿急/r/n/r/nB.尿中有白细胞/r/n/r/nC.尿中有红细胞/r/n/r/nD./r/n尿中有白细胞管型/r/n/r/nE./r/n以上都不是/r/n182.艾滋病病毒(/r/nHIV/r/n)不能通过下列哪种途径传播(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n性接触/r/n/r/nB.输血/r/n/r/nC.母婴/r/n/r/nD.握手/r/n/r/nE./r/n共用注射器注射/r/n183/r/n一/r/n般主张应在生后多长时间开始添加辅食(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.2～3个月时/r/n/r/nB.3～4个月时/r/n/r/nC.6～7个月时/r/n/r/nD.7～8个月时/r/n/r/nE./r/n4/r/n～/r/n6/r/n个月时/r/n184.有关生命体征的概念下列哪项正确(A)/r/nA./r/n体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压的总称/r/nB./r/n体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压、瞳孔的总/r/n称/r/nC./r/n体内一切生命活动的总称/r/nD./r/n体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压、意识的总称/r/nE./r/n体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压和神志的总称/r/n185.有关“护士管理方法”的内容下列哪项错误(C)/r/nA./r/n护士执业考试每年举行一次/r/n/r/nB./r/n护士注册机关为执业所在地的县级卫生行/r/n政部门/r/nC./r/n护士注册的有效期为5年/r/n/r/nD./r/n因健康原因或不宜执行护理业务的不能注/r/n册/r/nE./r/n服刑期间不能注册/r/n/r/n/r/nA./r/n胸腺、骨髓/r/n/r/nB./r/nT细胞、B细胞/r/n/r/nC./r/n免疫器官/r/n、免疫细胞/r/n/r/nD./r/n免疫器/r/n官、免疫分子/r/nE./r/n免疫组织、免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子/r/n187.进行胆道或胃肠道疾病超声检查时，通常要/r/n求病人禁食时间为(D)/r/nA.24小时/r/n/r/nB.20小时/r/n/r/nC.12小时/r/n/r/nD.8小时/r/n/r/nE.4小时/r/n188.下列药物中成瘾性极小的是(B/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n吗啡/r/n/r/nB.喷他佐辛/r/n/r/nC.哌替啶/r/n/r/nD.可待因/r/n/r/nE./r/n/r/n阿法罗定/r/n189.床单位的设备不包括(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n床/r/n/r/nB.床上用品/r/n/r/nC.床旁桌/r/n/r/nD.椅子/r/n/r/nE.输液架/r/n190.关于干扰素的描述，错误的是(C/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n其作用发生早于抗体/r/n/r/nB.产生后对邻近的细胞可发生作用/r/nC./r/n不能由病毒寄生的宿主细胞产生/r/n/r/nD./r/n可由病毒及其他干扰素诱生剂诱生/r/nE./r/n是一组具有高活性的多功能糖蛋白/r/n191.插胃管时，病人出现呛咳、发绀时，护士应(B)/r/nA./r/n嘱病人深呼吸/r/n/r/nB./r/n立即拔出胃管重插/r/n/r/nC./r/n嘱病人作吞咽动作/r/nD./r/n让病人休息一会再插/r/n/r/nE./r/n请病人坚持一下/r/n/r/nA./r/n昏/r/n迷/r/n/r/nB./r/n谵妄/r/n/r/nC.妄想/r/n/r/nD./r/n昏睡/r/n/r/nE./r/n晕厥/r/n193.如果小儿3天前曾与麻疹病人接触，合适的处理是(B)/r/nA./r/n立即接种麻疹疫苗/r/n/r/nB.立即给予血清免疫球蛋白/r/n/r/nC.肺炎痊愈后立即/r/nD./r/n给予血清免疫球蛋白后1周接种麻疹疫苗/r/n/r/nE.立即接种麻疹疫苗，1周/r/n后给予免/r/n疫血清球蛋白/r/n194.蛋白质的生理功能不包括(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n构成和修复组织/r/n/r/nB.供给热能/r/n/r/nC.调节代谢/r/n/r/nD.阻止癌细胞分裂/r/n/r/nE.维持胶/r/n195.铺备用床时下述哪项不必要(D/r/n/r/n)/r/n/r/nC./r/n按使用先后摆放好各单/r/n/r/nD.核对床号、姓名/r/n/r/nE./r/n扫净床上渣屑/r/n196.下列哪项最符合心力衰竭的概念(E/r/n/r/n)/r/nA./r/n心脏每搏输出量降低/r/n/r/nB./r/n静脉回流量超过心输出量/r/n/r/nC./r/n心功能障碍引起/r/n大小循环充血/r/nD./r/n心脏负荷过度引起心功能障碍/r/n/r/nE./r/n心输出量不能满足机体的需要/r/n197.当病人病情危重救治无望时，若有关方面提出“安乐死”要求时(C)/r/nA./r/n病人直接要求或立有遗嘱，予以同意/r/n/r/nB./r/n配偶提出要求，可予同意/r/n/r/nC./r/n不予同意/r/nD./r/n经医院领导批准后，可同意执行/r/n/r/nE./r/n有两名医师签字证明救治无望时，可/r/n实行安乐死/r/n198.下列哪种病人临床上不出现发绀(D/r/n/r/n)/r/nA.急性肺炎