高中高实用考英语阅读理解专题选编含解析

高中高合用考英语阅读理解--优选专题选编含剖析高中高合用考英语阅读理解--优选专题选编含剖析1/17高中高合用考英语阅读理解--优选专题选编含剖析2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（13）李仕才AVinegarmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayeventheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸盐）—themaincomponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,beforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive."Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed（油菜籽）,"JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateurgardeners.Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn’taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem,Kimsaidheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible."Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmers,andalsosomecompanies,tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,"hesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway,hopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Theworld’sfoodsupplywillbeincreased.B.Plantsbettersurvivedroughts.C.TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts.D.Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts.2.Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan.A.beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoilB.onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsisC.helpplantssurvivedryconditionsD.beusedtoimprovepoorsoil3.Whatarethetargetplantsoftheexperiment?A.allbreedingspecies.B.wheatandArabidopisis.C.riceandmaize.D.rapeseedandArabidopisis.4.JongMyongKim’sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod.A.canmakepeople’stripspleasantB.turnedoutaworldwidesuccessC.isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplantsD.appealstomanyflowergrowingcompanies【文章马虎】本文属于科普类文章。醋不但使食品味道更好，还可以够用它来干净你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D【剖析】主旨马虎题。通读全文可知本文主要表达了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生计，即能抗击干旱，应选D。3.C【剖析】细节理解题。依照第四段中的“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。应选C。4.D【剖析】推理判断题。依照最后一段中的第一句“Kim⋯he’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。应选D。B(2015·洛阳高三一致考试)Allovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatarenotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago，childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietifgrown-upsweretalking.Today，well-manneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave?Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp(打嗝)”afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikeyourfood.Insomecountries，ifyougivealoudburp，youaretoldtosay，“Excuseme，please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingtogether.Peopleshowgoodmannersbyturningtheirbackstootherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?Peopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite，youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyoucometohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoftheothertents，youwillbeaskedintoeachone.Peoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneedwaystoshowthattheywanttobefriends.1．Peopleturntheirbackstootherswhiletheyeatinsomeplacesin________．A．MongoliaB．anEastAfricantownC．PolynesiaD．Arabia2．InanEastAfricantown，peopletrynottoseeyou.Thisisbecause________．A．theyarenotyourfriendsB．theydon’twanttotalkwithyouC．itisgoodmannersD．theyarewaitingforyoutotalkwiththem3．Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.Whichshouldbeasupportingparagraphtotheidea?A．Thefirstone.B．Thesecondone.C．Thesixthone.D．Thethirdone.4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe“________”．A．SomebadmannersB．DifferentkindsofmannersC．TheimportanceofmannersD．Somegoodmanners【解题导语】不同样时代、不同样地域、不同样国家有不同样的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。1．剖析：选C。细节理解题。依照文章第六段中的“ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseen...whiletheyeat.”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。2．剖析：选C。细节理解题。依照文章第七段中的“Peopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite”可知，C项正确。3．剖析：选C。细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，可是在波利尼西亚的一些地域被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C项正确。4．剖析：选B。标题概括题。综合全文可知，本文表达了不同样地域的不同样礼仪，因此B项正确。C阅读以下短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最正确选项。DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationofsavings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplanfellapart.“Ihavetwokidsincollege,andIwanttosay‘comehome,’butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethemwithagoodeducation,”saysJacobs.TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidformtheschools,andeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloan(贷款)program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt,butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool.Withunemploymentrising,financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs.Morestudentsareapplyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.Collegeadministratorsareconcernedthattheywillnothaveenoughaidmoneytogoaround.Atthesametime,tuition（学费）continuestorise.AreportfromtheNationalCenterforPublicPolicyandHigherEducationfoundthatcollegetuitionandfeesincreased439%from1982to2007,whileaveragefamilyincomerosejust147%.Studentborrowinghasmorethandoubledinthelastdecade,“Ifwegoonthiswayforanother25years,wewon’thaveanaffordablesystemofhighereducation,”saysPatrickM.Callan,presidentofthecenter.“Themiddleclassfamilieshavebeenfinancingitthroughdebt.Theywillsendkidstocollegewhateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt.”Financialaidadministratorshavebeenhavingahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitableenoughandhavestoppedmakingthem.Thegoodnews,however,isthatfederalloansaccountforaboutthreequartersofstudentborrowing,andthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whydidtheplanofJacobsfamilyfail?A.Thetwinswastedtoomuchmoney.B.Thefatherwasoutofwork.C.Theirsavingranout.D.Thefamilyfellapart.2.HowdidtheJacobsmanagetosolvetheirproblem?A.Theyaskedtheirkidstocomehome.B.Theyborrowed$20,000fromtheschool.C.Theyencouragedtheirtwinsonstodopart-timejobs.D.Theygothelpfromtheschoolandthefederalgovernment.3.Financialaidadministratorsbelievethat_______.A.morefamilieswillfacethesameproblemastheJacobsesB.thegovernmentwillreceivemorelettersofcomplaintC.collegetuitionfeeswilldoublesoonD.America’sunemploymentwillfall4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemiddleclassfamiliesfromthetext?A.Theyblamedthegovernmentforthetuitionincrease.B.Theirincomeremainedsteadyinthelastdecade.C.Theywilltrytheirbesttosendkidstocollege.D.Theirdebtswillbepaidoffwithin25years.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thegovernmentwill.A.providemoststudentswillscholarshipsB.dismisssomefinancialaidadministratorsC.stopthecompaniesfrommakingstudentloansD.goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents【文章马虎】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。【参照答案】15、BDACDD(2015·唐山一模)ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNature.DavidTilman，aprofessorofecologyattheUniversityofMinnesota，America，examinedinformationfrom100countriestoidentifywhatpeopleateandhowadietaffectedhealth.Henotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized(工业化)，populationincreasedandearningsrose，morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugar，fat，oilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoods，peoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.DavidTilmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskfornon-infectiousdiseaseslikediabetes(糖尿病)andheartdisease.Unfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrialized，iftheyadoptthisWesterndiet，theyaregoingtohavethesehealthproblems，especiallyindevelopingcountriesinAsia.Chinaisanexamplewherethenumberofdiabetescaseshasbeenjumpingfromlessthanonepercentto10percentofthepopulationastheybegantoindustrializeovera20-yearperiod.Andthatishappeningallacrosstheworld，inMexico，inNigeriaandsoon.And，adietbadforhumanbeings，isalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworld’spopulationgrows，moreforestsandtropical(热带的)areaswillbecomefarmlandsforcropsorgrasslandsforcattle.Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.Mr.Tilmancallsthelinkbetweenthediet，theenvironmentandhumanhealth，“atrilemma”—aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.1．Accordingtothepassage，moregreenhousegasmightbegivenoffinthefuturefrom________．A．transportationB．developingcountriesC．agricultureD．developedcountries2．DavidTilmanbelievesthat________．A．thediet，theenvironmentandhumanhealtharecloselyconnectedB．theWesterndietistheonlychoiceasthenationindustrializesC．peopleintropicalareasaremorelikelytohaveheartdiseaseD．traditionaldietsaremorebalancedthantheWesterndiet3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．A．NigeriahasthelargestnumberofdiabetescasesB．overweightpeopleareathigherriskofinfectiousdiseasesC．theexaminedinformationcomesfromdevelopingcountriesD．industrializationcontributestothespreadoftheWesterndiet4．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________．A．callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB．warnusofthedangeroftheWesterndietC．remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD．adviseustohaveabalanceddiet【解题导语】《自然》杂志上一篇新的报告显示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1．剖析：选C。细节理解题。依照倒数第二段的最后一句“Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.”可知，未来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，应选择C项。2．剖析：选A。推理判断题。依照最后一段的第一句“Mr.Tilmancallsthelinkbetweenthediet，theenvironmentandhumanhealth...adifficultchoice.”可知，Tilman先生把平常饮食、环境和人的健康之间的联系称为三难困境。由此可知，它们三个是亲密相关的，应选择A项。3．剖析：选D。推理判断题。依照第二段的最后一句“Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized(工业化)，populationincreasedandearningsrose，morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.”可推知，工业化、人口增加和收入增加造成了西方饮食的流传，故D项正确。4．剖析：选B。写作妄图题。综合全文，特别是依照文章最后一段的最后一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境，故作者是想经过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。EGlobalPositioningSystemsarenowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Thesesatellitebasedsystemsprovideturnbyturndirectionstohelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.Buttheycanalsocausealotofproblems,sendingyoutothewrongplaceorleaveyoucompletelylost.Manytimes,thedriveristoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,saysBarryBrown,itisacombinationofthetwo.BarryBrowniswiththeMobileLifeCentreinStockholm,Sweden.Thecenterstudieshumancomputerinteraction,orHCI,especiallycommunicationsinvolvingwirelessdevices.WespoketoMrBrownbySkype.HetoldusaboutanincidentinvolvingafriendwhohadflowntoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPSequippedcartouseduringhisstay.BarryBrown：“Andtheyjustpluggedinanaddressandthensetofftotheirdestination.”And,thenitwasn'tuntiltheyweredrivingforthirtyminutesthattheyrealizedtheyhadputinadestinationbackontheWestCoastwheretheylived.Theyactuallyputtheirhomeaddressin.Soagain,the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．MrBrownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.But,hesays,whatmakestheproblemworsehastodowithsomeoftheshortcomings,orfailures,ofGPSequipment.BarryBrown：“OneproblemwithmanyGPSunitsistheyhaveaverysmallscreenandtheyjusttellyouthenextturn.Becausetheyjustgiveyouthenextturn,sometimesthatmeansthatitisnotreallygivingyoutheoverviewthatyouwouldneedtoknowthatit'sgoingtothewrongplace.”BarryBrownformerlyservedasaprofessorwiththeUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Whilethere,heworkedonaprojectwithEricLaurierfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh.ThetwomenstudiedtheeffectsofGPSdevicesondrivingbyplacingcamerasinpeople'scars.Theywroteapaperbasedontheirresearch.Itiscalled“TheNormal,NaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS.”BarryBrown:“Oneofthethingsthatstruckus,perhapsthemostimportantthingwasthatyouhavetoknowwhatyou'redoingwhenyouuseaGPS.Therearethesenewskillsthatpeoplehavedeveloped.TherearethesenewcompetenciesthatyouneedtohavetobeabletouseaGPSbecausetheysometimesgowrong.”BarryBrownsaysthisgoesagainstacommonbeliefthatGPSsystemsareforpassivedriverswholacknavigat