考研考博-英语-大同煤炭职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大同煤炭职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

问题1选项

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项petty“琐碎的；小气的；小规模的”；B选项modicum“（n.）少量，一点点”；C选项impoverished“穷困的；用尽了的，无创造性的”；D选项frolicsome“嬉戏的，爱闹着玩的”。句意：地主和佃户之间、大地主和贫穷的农民之间可能会出现紧张关系。impecunious“没有钱的；贫穷的”。C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thenewtouristhotelissaidtohave

foroveronethousandguests.

问题1选项

A.convenience

B.capacities

C.accommodations

D.capability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。convenience“方便”；capacities“容量；能力”；accommodations“住房，住宿”；capability“才能，能力”。句意：据说这家新的旅游旅馆能容纳一千多名客人。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Lacking（

）politicalgoals,thetwopartiesquarreled.

问题1选项

A.intricate

B.coherent

C.intrinsic

D.distinct

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。

4.单选题

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we______inEuropefortwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.shallstay

B.havestayed

C.willhavestayed

D.havebeenstaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲待两个星期了。将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作；其结构为主语+shall/willhavebeen+表语。根据语境，动作在将来某一时间前已经完成，C选项willhavestayed符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

ThevenerablemediaformathasbecomeoneofthemostubiquitouswaystopackagecontentontheWeb.

问题1选项

A.unique

B.omnipresent

C.effective

D.predictive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。

6.单选题

Becausethemonkeysunderstudyare（

）thepresenceofhumanbeings,theytypically（

）humanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness.

问题1选项

A.ambivalentabout...welcome

B.inhibitedby...seek

C.unawareof...avoid

D.habituatedto...disregard

【答案】D

【解析】固定短语词义辨析。句意：因为在研究中的猴子们己经习惯了人类的存在，所以它们通常会无视人类观察员而自己弄自己的。A选项ambivalentabout意为“对…是矛盾的”;B选项inhibitedby意为“被…抑制”;C选项unawareof意为“没有意识到”；D选项habituatedto意为“适应于……”。分析题意可知，D选项“适应于”，正确。

7.单选题

Itistimethattheworldcalleda（）tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:interruption“中断；打断”；B:pause“暂停”；C:cease“终止”；D:halt“停止；阻止（停止某项事情的进展）”。句意：现在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的时刻。根据语境可知D为正确答案。

8.单选题

Thedoctorsdon’t（

）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

问题1选项

A.entail

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。entail意为“牵涉，需要”；manifest意为“显示，表明”；articulate意为“口齿清楚，清晰发(音)”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”。

句意：医生们预计病人活不了多久了。

9.单选题

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

问题1选项

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项infected“受感染的，受细菌污染的”，B项decayed“腐烂的，腐败的”，C项deteriorated“恶化的，已变质的”，D项diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根据前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“两天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合语境。句意：我两天前割破了手指，现在感染得很严重。因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.单选题

Generally,promptcoolingandproperrefrigerationoffoodscanhold（

）bacteriainfoodstoasafelevel.

问题1选项

A.anumberof

B.thenumberof

C.anamountof

D.aquantityof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一般来说，迅速冷却并经过适当的冷藏，食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。

考查短语辨析。anumberof若干，许多;thenumberof…的数量;anamountof总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用；aquantityof一些。故B符合句意。

11.单选题

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

问题1选项

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

问题2选项

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

问题3选项

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

问题4选项

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

问题5选项

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.文章主旨题。浏览全文，本文的主题人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主题句为原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡罗是一位热情的政治活动家，在她的艺术中，她不仅寻求探索自己的根源，而且还支持墨西哥争取独立的政治和文化身份的斗争。）”其中的关键词为herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。从而得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication体现了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political与选项B重现；notonly...butalso...体现了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic为互相补充的关系。从而得出本题答案。

33.事实细节题。根据题干关键词theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句。“InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世纪，人们对墨西哥文化和历史的兴趣重新燃起，到20世纪初，墨西哥原住民主义的倾向从对阿兹特克墨西哥的强烈反西班牙理想化，到强调当代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的关键。）”从而得出本题答案。

34.语义题。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思为“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根据原文中的traditional,ideal判断得出本题答案。

35.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词Kahlo’sattitude,theeconomicdevelopmentofMexico可以定位到最后一段第一句，“KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.”第一句中提到了Kahlo’sattitude，她支持plannedeconomicdevelopment，接着but转折，不能以culturalidentity为代价。从而得出本题答案。

12.单选题

问题1选项

A.Thewomanarrivedaheadofschedule.

B.Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.

C.Themandidnotplaythetennisgamebytherule.

D.Themanhelpedputthewomanonthewaitinglist.

【答案】B

【解析】7.W:Ireservedatenniscourt.It’stakenoverbysomeoneelse.

M:Yes,mom.Iunderstand.Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.Wescheduledthecourtsforotherwaitingguests.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：从这段交谈中可以得出什么？由文中“Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.（我们有规定，每场顶多迟到15分钟）”，推测可知B选项“Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.（女士错过了网球场预约时间）”符合原文。A选项“女士提早到了”；C选项“这个男人没有按规则打网球”；D选项“这个男人帮女士把她放在等候名单上”不符合原文。

13.单选题

Parksandopenspacesareessentialtothequalityoflifeindense（

）areassuchasNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.agricultural

B.rural

C.suburban

D.urban

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。

句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。

14.单选题

Jim’sclose______tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

问题1选项

A.accuracy

B.confusion

C.probability

D.resemblance

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.accuracy精确，准确B.confusion困惑；混乱

C.probability可能性；概率D.resemblance相似，相像

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“吉姆和他哥哥的______使人们误以为他们是彼此”可推知，吉姆兄弟俩让人们认不出来，说明吉姆和他哥哥长得相似，resemblance是指与某人或某物相似或看起来相似，与介词to搭配使用，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】吉姆和他哥哥长得很像，这使人们误以为他们是彼此。

15.单选题

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon'tbeabletosee.

问题1选项

A.discern

B.distort

C.dazzle

D.distract

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。discern意为“识别，觉察出，看出”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dazzle意为“使目眩”；distract意为“使分心”。

句意：戴上墨镜，否则太阳会让你眼花，你会看不见。

16.单选题

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

问题1选项

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。paradoxes“悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies“遗产”；platitudes“平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类比；类推”，根据whenapeopledies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发。句意：一个人去世的时候，在分……之前他的债务必须偿还清楚。正确答案为选项B。

17.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordetectaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordontheanswerSheet.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)ontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】1.【试题答案】more改成most

2.【试题答案】employed改为converted

3.【试题答案】derivedfrom后面添加定冠词the

4.【试题答案】than改为that

5.【试题答案】shortage改为storage

6.【试题答案】constantly后面加being

7.【试题答案】把up去掉

8.【试题答案】issplit改成aresplit

9.【试题答案】把oxygen改为hydrogen

10.【试题答案】把an改成the

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。这里是一个最高级，the+形容词的最高级+of表“最……的”。

2.【试题解析】考查词义。employ是雇佣，与原文意思不搭，且上文有提到cropsandtrees,whicharethemostefficientconvertersofsunlightintoenergy，所以这里应该把employed改成converted,beconvertedinto表示“被转化成、转换成为”。

3.【试题解析】考查定冠词。sun-warmedsurfacewater这里是特指，要用定冠词the。

4.【试题解析】考查连词。than用于比较级，需要有比较的两个方面，显然原文没有比较的另一方，且than后面的句子willdriveelectricpowergenerators是做定语修饰heat，因此应该使用that引导定语从句。

5.【试题解析】考查词义。这一句的意思是“交通运输和太阳能储存仍然是一个严重的问题”，前面提到了transportation，既然要运输那肯定要储存，所以用storage。

6.【试题解析】考查时态。constantly表持续性的，时态用进行时，这里热量是被产生，要用被动语态的一般现在进行时，所以是isconstantlybeingproduced。

7.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。comeupto表示“达到（标准/水平）、等于、符合（预期）”，句意：有时热量以熔岩和间歇泉的形式出现在地表；所以应该去掉up。

8.【试题解析】考查单复数。atomsofuranium这里atom用的复数，所以be动词应该用are。

9.【试题解析】考查词义。只有氢能才能聚变成核能，所以这里应该改为hydrogen，句意为：另一种正在发展的能源是某些氢原子的核聚变。

10.【试题解析】考查定冠词。原文这句话的意思是：此外，电力可以通过改进电池来提供，其中一些将使电动汽车在2000年以前成为经济上的可能。这里不是使一辆电动汽车而是所有的，所以要用定冠词the。

18.单选题

IntheUS88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis（）tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.

问题1选项

A.liable

B.liberal

C.irrational

D.illegal

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。beliableto“易于…的，有…倾向的”；beillegaltodosth“非法做…”。由后半句可知卖烟给18岁以下的人是违法的。故D项正确。句意：在美国88%的人在18岁前就开始吸烟了，尽管卖烟给18岁以下的人是非法的。

19.翻译题

1.OneofthefastestgrowingareasinInternetapplicationsistheadoptionofInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofcorporatenetworks.ManypublicsectorsandcommercialorganizationsthroughouttheworldareacceleratingtheirpacesinbuildingcorporatenetworksbasedonInternettechnologies,allowingthemtorollouttheirprivate“Intranets”.TheseIntranetsareusedtosupportenterpriseapplicationsandcommunicationsbothinsideandoutsidethecorporatefirewall.

2.IntranetisthenewbuzzwordreferringtotheuseoffastgrowingandrelativelyinexpensiveInternettechnologiesforthedevelopmentofenterpriseinformationandcommunicationsystems.Itgenerallyinvolvestwokeytypesofsoftware:the“browser”whichallowsuserstoscanthenetworkforusefulinformationandthe“server”whichstoresandorganizestheinformation.MajorITvendorshaveannouncedorareplanningtoannounceproductsandserviceswhichwillhelptheircustomersinrealizingthecompetitiveadvantagesmadepossiblebythesenewtechnologies.Forexample,OracleandSybasehaveunveiledtheirplanstointroducebrowsersthatincludeapplicationdevelopmenttoolsbasedonJava,aprogramminglanguagelicensedfromSunMicrosystemsInc.Thesenewtoolsetswillallowdeveloperstowritenetwork-connection-ready,web-enabledapplicationsthatlinktocorporatedatabases.

ThecreationofprivateintranetsprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniestousetheWebasacomplementoranalternativefortraditionalinternalnetworking,applicationdevelopmenttoolsandgroupwareproducts.3.Forexample,MorganStanleyandTurnerBroadcastinghavesuccessfullyimplementedtheirownIntranetswhichallowtheiremployeestoshareinformation,collaborateonprojects,andtocreateveryeffectiveworkgroupsspreadingacrosslargegeographicalregions.

WithimprovedsecuritydesignontheIntranetwhichcanbebridgedintotheInternet,manycompaniesaredevelopingnewbusinessapplicationswhichwerenottechnicallyfeasiblenoreconomicallyviableinthepast.Forexample,shippingcompaniesandcouriercompaniescanbuildcargoandparceltrackingsystemswhichallowtheirinternationalcustomers,anywhereintheworld,tologontotheirlocalInternetnetworkstoaccesssecureddatabasestoretrievethelatestinformationabouttheirshipments.

OneofthemostoftenquotedcriticismsofInternetwhenbeingconsideredforseriousbusinessapplicationsisitssecurityrisk,oritsperceivedinadequacyofsecurityfeatures.ManyfeelthattheInternetisdistributedand“uncontrolled”.Byitsveryownnature,thereisnosingleorganizationowningtheInternet,runningitorcanbeheldresponsibleforitintheconventionalsense.Intrusionmaycomefromanywhereintheworld.Tofurthercomplicatethematter,legislationandlawenforcementconcerningelectroniccrimesvarygreatlyfromonecountrytoanother.ThispresentsgreatchallengesintheprosecutionofcrimescommittedusingtheInternet.

Whilesomeofthesefeelingsandobservationsarecorrect,manyInternettechnologyprovidersthroughouttheworldareworkingveryaggressivelyinsolvingtheproblemsconcerningInternetsecurity.Usingcryptographictechniquesandnetworkmanagementtechnologies,Internetcanbeassecuredasanyprivatenetworksusedinthefinancial,commercialandnationaldefenseapplications.

TheInternetisaglobaltechnology.Itwillaffect,inmanyaspects,thewaythatweinteractwithpeople,conductourbusinesstransactions.Itwillalsochangethewaythatweacquireandshareexperienceandknowledge.4.Itunavoidablywillalteroursenseofcommunityandremovesomeoftheconstraintspreviouslyassociatedwithgeographicalboundaries.TheInternetandIntranetarepresentingopportunitiesandchallengestoindividualsandenterprises.Theywillrewardthosewiththeabilityandvisiontoharnesstheirpower,realizingtheirconstraintsandcapableofdevelopingsolutionsinovercomingtheselimitations.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）互联网应用中发展最快的一个领域采用互联网技术开发企业网络。全世界许多政府部门和商业机构正加快步伐，创建基于互联网技术的企业网络，允许它们推销秘密的“内联网”。

（2）“内联网”是一个时髦术语，指用发展迅速、相对廉价的互联网技术开发企业信息和通讯系统。内联网一般包含两种重要的软件：浏览器和服务器。前者允许用户浏览网络以获取有用信息，后者储存并整理信息。

（3）例如，摩根斯坦利金融公司和特纳广播公司成功地完成了各自的内联网，这些内联网使两家公司的雇员共享信息，共同承担项目并创建遍及各大洲的、效果明显的工作组。

（4）互联网必然会改变我们的社区意识并消除以往跟地理疆界联系在一起的种种限制。互联网和内联网给个人和企业带来机遇和挑战，这些网络奖赏有能力和远见的人利用自己的权力，在种种局限发生时，能找到克服局限性的方案。

20.单选题

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

问题1选项

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

问题2选项

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

问题3选项

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

问题4选项

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

问题5选项

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“从水科学家的警告中可以推断出什么？”。根据第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.（主要的水科学家发布了迄今为止关于全球食物供应最严厉的警告之一，他们说，为了避免灾难性的食物短缺，世界人口可能不得不在未来40年几乎完全转向素食）可推断，如果不采取措施，人们就将面临食物短缺的问题；故C项“如果不采取适当措施，可能会发生严重的食物短缺”符合题意。A项“创纪录的干旱迫使一半的美国人挨饿”，文章只提到创世纪的干旱影响了美国一半以上的地区将提高食品价格，并没有明确提及挨饿；B项“创纪录的干旱抬高了美国的食品价格”，不只是美国，世界的食品价格将会提高；D项“素食是避免严重短缺的唯一选择”表述太绝对，素食只是其中一种办法。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家们说可以做些什么来增加食物供应？”。根据第三段第一句Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.（科学家们说，在一个气候日益不稳定的世界里，采用素食是增加水资源利用率以种植更多粮食的一种选择）可知，可以通过增加用于食物生产的水资源来增加食物供应，D项“增加粮食生产用水”正确。第三段第二句提到Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.（富含动物蛋白质的食物比素食多消耗5到10倍的水）可知，A项“种植更多富含动物蛋白质的食物”错误；根据第三段倒数第二句Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.（世界上三分之一的可耕地被用来种植喂养动物的作物）可知，把可耕地变为牧场也是选择之一，B项“把牧场变成可耕地”错误；第三段最后一句提到Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.（养活人民的其他选择包括消除浪费和增加粮食盈余国家和粮食赤字国家之间的贸易），可知C项“促进粮食自给自足国家之间的贸易”也不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据水科学家的报告，……”。根据第四段第一句900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease（尽管人均粮食产量继续增加，但已有9亿人在挨饿，200万人营养不良）可知，A项“人均粮食产量一直在增加”正确。B项“减少食物供应将使更多的人营养不良”文中没有提及；根据第四段最后一句With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.（由于70%的可用水资源用于农业，到2050年增加粮食以养活额外的20亿人口将给可用水资源和土地带来压力。）可知，C项“到2050年，70%的水将被用来养活20亿人”表述不准确；D项“研究人员开始寻找解决水问题的方法”文中也没有提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.细节事实题。题干意思是“关于水的供应问题，科学家们相信……”。第六段第一句提到Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.（科学家们说，粮食生产和其他用途之间对水的争夺将加剧对基本资源的压力）可知，能源需求会加剧水资源的压力，故C项“能源需求将加大对水资源的压力”正确。根据Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…（在我们还需要分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求的时候，这将给我们“已经紧张的水资源”带来额外的压力）可知，分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求使水资源更紧张，所以A项“应该分配更多的水来满足能源需求”错误；根据第六段TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.（联合国预测，到21世纪中期，我们必须将石油产量提高70%）可知B项“到本世纪中叶粮食产量必须增加到70%”错误；原文提到whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years（预计在未来30年，这一数字将增长60%）可知，D项“发电量必须在30年后增加60%”错误，不是“30年后”，而是“未来30年”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.细节事实题。题干意思是“国际水管理研究所认为，解决撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚粮食不安全的最佳办法是什么？”。根据倒数第二段AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.（国际水管理研究所(IWMI)的另一份报告说，各国保护撒哈拉以