(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 3　Environmental Protection (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．graphn．图；图表；曲线图2．emissionn．排放物；散发物；排放3．sealn．海豹4．methanen．甲烷；沼气5．dioxiden．二氧化物6．habitableadj.适合居住的7．fossiln．化石8．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的9．footprintn．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积10．penguinn．企鹅11．undergovt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)12．implementvt.使生效；贯彻；执行13．moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中14．tropicaladj.热带的；来自热带的15．originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立16．regulationn．章程；规章制度17．disposaln．去掉；清除；处理18．waterwayn．水道；航道19．Norway挪威(北欧国家)Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．ecologyn．生态；生态学2．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化3．releasevt.&n．排放；释放；发布4．carbonn．碳5．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行6．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的7．trendn．趋势；趋向；动向8．broadcastvt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n．广播节目；电视节目9．policyn．政策；方针；原则10．seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制11．basinn．流域；盆地；盆12．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；变革；改良13．annualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鉴14．chaosn．混乱；杂乱；紊乱15．nuclearadj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的16．junglen．(热带)从林；密林17．smogn．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)18．volumen．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷19．garbagen．垃圾；废物20．enterprisen．公司；企业；事业21．restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复22．dozenn．(一)打；十二个23．finevt.对……处以罚款24．campaignn．运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动25．agendan．议程表；议事日程Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn．饥饿；饿死2．sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的3．frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn．频繁；发生率4．restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束性的5．harmoniousadj.和谐的→harmonyn．和谐6．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服7．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意思；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到8．conservationn．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的→conservev．保护；保存；节省；节约9．inspectionn．检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn．检察员；督察员10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍Ⅳ.核心短语1．carbondioxide二氧化碳2．fossilfuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)3．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人4．dozensof许多；很多高频词汇来助力1．maximumadj.&n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)2．meanwhileadv.同时，与此同时3．median．新闻媒介；新闻媒体4．mentaladj.精神的；智力的mentallyadv.精神上；智力上5．mentionn．提及vt.提到；说起6．merchantn．商人；生意人7．mercifuladj.仁慈的；宽大的8．merelyadv.仅仅；只不过经典句式需悟通1．ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫无疑问，地球正在不断变暖。2．Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。3．Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。4．Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists，manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，许多游客频繁地将垃圾扔入水中。5．Withthesemeasures，itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.有了这些措施，人们相信，漓江的美会被保留下来给后代。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)1．graphn．图；图表；曲线图2．emissionn．排放物；散发物；排放3．habitableadj.适合居住的4．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的5．footprintn．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积6．undergovt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)7．implementvt.使生效；贯彻；执行8．moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中9．originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立10．regulationn．章程；规章制度11．disposaln．去掉；清除；处理Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分)12．ecologyn．生态；生态学13．releasevt.&n．排放；释放；发布14．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行15．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的16．trendn．趋势；趋向；动向17．broadcastvt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n．广播节目；电视节目18．policyn．政策；方针；原则19．seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制20．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良21．annualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鉴22．restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复23．campaignn．运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)24．frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn．频繁；发生率25．harmoniousadj.和谐的→harmonyn．和谐26．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意思；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到27．inspectionn．检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn．检察员；督察员28．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共7分)29．maximumadj.&n．最大量(的)；最大限度(的)30．meanwhileadv.同时，与此同时31．median．新闻媒介；新闻媒体32．mentionn．提及vt.提到；说起33．merchantn．商人；生意人34．mercifuladj.仁慈的；宽大的35．merelyadv.仅仅；只不过Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共4分)36．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人37．dozensof许多；很多Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共12分)1．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，thereisagrowingtrendtowardsearlierretirementinthatcountry.2．Asisexpected，theboywilltryhisbesttoseizethegoldenchancetogoabroadtobroadenhishorizons.3．Theappealingconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestaudienceinthehistory.4．Thegovernmentislaunchinganadvertisingcampaigninordertotellpeopleaboutthedangersofdrugs.5．Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife，fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology(生态)．6．It’shightimethatyousubmitted/shouldsubmit(提交)yourapplication，otherwiseyouwillbebannedfromparticipatingintheactivity.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共12分)7．Asisknowntousall，aharmonioussocietymeansthathumanbeingscanliveinharmonywitheachother.(harmony)8．Isensedthathewasverysensitivetowhatotherssaidandhecouldn’tmakesensiblechoices.(sense)9．Icouldn’ttolerateyourbehavioranylonger.Thatis，Icouldn’tbetolerantofhowyoubehaved.(tolerate)10．Weshouldtakeanactivepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently(frequent)．11．Withtimegoingby，moreandmorecountrieshaverealizedthatasustainable(sustain)developmentisvitalforhumanbeings.12．Toourshock，manychildreninunderdevelopedregionsdieofstarvation(starve)．Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)13．几乎没有疑问，你的热情和善良可以消除你和他人之间的分歧。Thereislittledoubtthatyourpassionandkindnesscanbridgethegapbetweenyouandothers.14．没有强烈的团队精神，我们就不会高效地完成我们的任务。Withoutastrongteamworkspirit，wewouldn’tcompleteourtasksveryefficiently.15．开始新学期总是令人兴奋的。这是一个再次见到你朋友的机会。Startinganewschooltermisalwaysexciting.It’sachancetoseeyourfriendsagain.16．我已经和我们学校里的交换生交了朋友，他们中的许多人经常和我坦诚地交谈。Ihavemadefriendswiththeexchangestudentsinourschool，manyofwhomoftenhaveaheart-to-hearttalkwithme.17．人们相信原谅是一种美德，可以让我们过上快乐的生活。Itisbelievedthattoforgiveisavirtue，whichcanmakeusliveahappylife.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013，manypeople1.wereshocked(shock)byanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearwhichappearedtohavestarvedtodeath.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevels2.caused(cause)byclimatechangemeantthatthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistances3.tofind(find)food.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，4.whichhastwocommonmeanings：the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbecome5.abigproblem.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidence6.thattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide.Actually，newsreportsare7.frequently(frequent)broadcastaboutextremerainstormsandheatwaves8.causing(cause)deathsandeconomiclosses.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by9.restricting(restrict)theamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibility10.toseize(seize)everyopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元UsingLanguage部分eq\x(campaign，sustainable，however，volume，garbage)ThebeautifulLiRiveraswellasitsamazingsurroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.1.However，itsreputationasatopdestinationhashadnegativeeffectsontheriver’swaterquality.Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasing2.volumeoftourists，manyofwhomfrequentlythrew3.garbageintotheriver.Inordertofeedmorepeople，morechemicalswereusedtoincreasecropproduction.Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues，causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.LocalauthoritiestooksomemeasurestoreducepollutionintheLiRiver.Withthesemeasures，itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.Inaddition，theambitious“WaterTenPlan”isalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Withsuch4.campaignsineffect，China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanand5.sustainablefuture.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇starvevi.&vt.使挨饿；饿死先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Whatshockedthescientistswasthatthesealstarved(starve)todeathbecauseitcouldn’tfindenoughfoodtoeat.(2)Sheisstarvingtolose(lose)weightsothatshecanwearthebeautifuldressesthatsheiscrazyabout.•starvetodeath饿死bestarvingforsth./todosth.渴望某事/做某事•starvationn．饥饿；饿死再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语言学习)IamstarvingtostudyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thetrafficpolicemanseized(seize)thedriverbythearmandintendedtofinehim.(2)Seizing(seize)thepreciouschanceenabledhimtogetpromotedquiteeasily.seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)鉴于你口语不好，我强烈建议你抓住每个机会说英语。Giventhatyoudon’tgetalongwellwithoralEnglish，Istronglysuggestthatyou(should)seizeeverychancetospeakEnglish.(4)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface,panicseizedme.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Dozensofenterpriseshavesubmitted(submit)theirplanstoreducetheircarbonfootprintinthepasttendays.(2)Inthepast，IfrequentlysubmittedmyselftodifficultiesbutnowIcansparenoefforttohandlethem.submitsth.tosb.将某物提交给某人submitoneselfto屈从于……再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵(3)(普通表达)Inspiteofchallengesandhardshipsinmydailylife，Ideclinetogiveintothem.(高级表达)Inspiteofchallengesandhardshipsinmydailylife，Ideclinetosubmittothem.(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。ThosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmustsubmittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterialsbyMay15.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Wecan’ttoleratepeoplethrowing(throw)garbagehereandthere，sowewilllaunchacampaigntoappealtopeopletoprotecttheenvironment.(2)Myparentsaretolerant(tolerate)ofmychoiceofbooksonconditionthatImustmakefulluseoftimetostudyhard.•tolerate(sb./sb.’s)doingsth.忍受(某人)做某事•tolerancen．宽恕；忍耐tolerantadj.忍耐的再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)那些懂得容忍他人的人会过得幸福。Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.onbehalfofsb./onsb.’sbehalf代表/代替某人能力提升——完美写作·一句多译·背诵我代表我们班，热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。(1)Onbehalfofourclass，IwelcomeyoutoChinawarmlyandsincerely.(2)Representingourclass，IwelcomeyoutoChinawarmlyandsincerely.含蓄虚拟语气Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Withoutdiversecreaturesandplants，ourglobewouldbe(be)lessinteresting.(2)Withoutyourtimelytreatment，Iwouldn’thavesurvived(survive)．•本句中的withoutthisprocess是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。•without的这种用法既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shoulddo)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用would/could/might/shouldhavedone)。•有类似用法的还有：with，otherwise/or(否则)，butfor(要不是)，ifonly(要是……就好了)等。提升能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵(3)没有英语老师的鼓励和帮助，我早就放弃学英语了。WithoutmyEnglishteacher’sencouragementandassistance，IwouldhavegivenupstudyingEnglish.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍releaseeq\x(A.vt.排放B.n.发布C.vt.释放，放走D.vt.首映电影；发布)1．ThenewfilmwillbereleasedonJuly16inthedowntowncinema.D2．Thekindgirldecidedtoreleasethebirdfromthecage.C3．ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.B4．Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke，makingtheairdirty.AⅡ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Whenevertheconsultantinpsychologywaswornout，hewasstarvingforacupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.2．Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahowtorelease(release)histremendouspressure.3．Finally，Imadeupmymindtoseize(seize)theopportunitytoenhancemyoverallcompetence.4．Basedonwhatheobserved，thespecialistdecidedonsubmitting(submit)hismedicalreporttothepresidentofthehospital.5．Onbehalfofmyschool，Iexpressmyheartfeltgratitudeandmybestwishestoyou.6．Janewassensitivetoemotionalproblemsanditwasdifficultforhertohandletheproblemsproperly.7．Thesurgeoncan’ttoleratebeingdisturbed(disturb)byotherswhenhewasabsorbedinreading.8．Mysonneversubmitshimselftohardships，soIrewardhimwithdozensofadventurebooks.9．Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnature，sotheonlywayforustosurviveistoliveharmoniously(harmonious)withnature.10．Mostofthecitizenswereinterestedinthenewsbroadcast(broadcast)onTVyesterday.Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(应用文之邀请信)1．能有机会邀请你参加我们的音乐节，我非常荣幸。(不定式作定语)I’mveryhonoredtohavetheopportunitytoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.2．所有师生都将参加音乐节，他们中的许多人将表演才艺。(manyof＋whom引导的定语从句)Alltheteachersandstudentswillattendthemusicfestival，manyofwhomwillshowtheirtalents.3．建议所有参与者于下周六上午8点在操场就座。(Itissuggestedthat...)Itissuggestedthatalltheparticipants(should)beseatedintheplaygroundat8a．m.nextSaturday.4．毫无疑问，这次音乐节将激励我们得到全面发展。(Thereisnodoubtthat...)Thereisnodoubtthatthemusicfestivalwillmotivateustogainall-rounddevelopment.5．没有你的出席，我们将倍感失望。因此，请接受我们诚挚的邀请。(without引导的虚拟语气)Withoutyourpresence，wewouldfeelgreatlydisappointed，sopleaseacceptoursincereinvitation.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：直接引语和间接引语)eq\x(broadcast，starve，undergo，tolerate，submit，release)Withmoderategreenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide1.releasedintotheatmosphere，Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmorehe