(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 3 Sea Exploration (含解析)

PAGEUNIT3SeaExplorationA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AErictheRed,whoseancestorscamefromScandinavia,1.________(be)oneoftheVikingswhoachievedachievementsinhisvoyageallhislife.According2.________theoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRed3.________(force)toleave4.________helivedbecausehewaschargedwithmurder.HeleftIcelandandthendiscoveredGreenlandwherehepersuadedsomepeople5.________(go)tolive.FollowingEric,anotherman,6.________namewasBiarni,7.________(eventual)reachedandlandedonGreenlandbecauseofanunexpectedstorm.Intheyear1002,Eric'sson,Leif,alsomadegreat8.________(contribute)in9.________(discover)otherlandssuchaspresent­dayCanadaandNewfoundland.Theyarethe10.________(one)recordswehaveofEuropeanssailingtoAmerica.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。早期的维京人ErictheRed发现了格陵兰岛，他的儿子Leif发现了如今的加拿大和纽芬兰。1.was考查时态。描述过去发生的动作或状态要用一般过去时。2.to考查介词。accordingto为固定短语，意为“按照，根据”。3.wasforced考查时态和语态。动作发生在过去要用一般过去时。另外，force与主语之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4.where考查宾语从句。空格后是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。5.togo考查固定搭配。persuadesb.todosth.为固定表达，意为“说服某人做某事”。6.whose考查非限制性定语从句。逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语修饰name。7.eventually考查副词。修饰动词reached要用副词。8.contributions考查固定短语。makecontributions是固定短语，意为“做出贡献”。9.discovering考查非谓语动词。介词后要用动名词形式作宾语。10.first考查序数词。根据前面的the以及结合句意可知，此处要用序数词。B(2020·山东潍坊6月模拟)Earlier2019,theInternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopmentpublished1.________mostcomprehensiveanalysisuptonowofhowclimatechangewillaffecttheglaciers(冰川)oftheworld,2.________(warn)thatabout18,000glacierswilldisappearby2100.Thisisabad3.________(predict)forsome1.9billionSouthAsians,4.________usewaterfromtheseglaciersnotonlyfordrinkingbutalsoforagriculture,hydroelectricpower,andtourism.Butthesurveyalsolookedatanimmediatequestion:Astheglaciers5.________(rapid)melt,wherewillallthewater—morethanaquadrilliongallonsofit,almosttheamount6.________(contain)inLakeHuron—go?TheansweristhattheHimalaya,forexample,longdefinedby7.________(it)glaciers,isbecomingamountainrangedefinedbylakes.Infact,anotherstudyfoundthatfrom1990to2010,morethan900newglacier­fedlakes8.________(form)acrossAsia'shighmountainranges.Becauseofthoseremotelocations,scientistsmustrely9.________satellitestocountthem,andnewlakesappeartobegrowingsoquicklythatIt'sdifficultforscientificteamstoagreeontheprecisenumber.It'sallhappeningmuch10.________(fast)thanweexpectedittoevenfiveortenyearsago.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变暖加速了冰川的融化，这给依靠冰山取水的地区以及喜马拉雅山脉都带来了极大的影响。1.the考查冠词。形容词最高级前应使用定冠词the。themostcomprehensiveanalysis表示“最全面的分析”。2.warning考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，warn与主语theInternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopment构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。3.prediction考查名词。该空前面有abad修饰，应使用单数名词。4.who考查关系代词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词SouthAsians，故用关系代词who。5.rapidly考查副词。空处修饰动词melt，故用副词形式。6.contained考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，contain与theamount构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。7.its考查代词。空处修饰后面的名词glaciers，故用形容词性物主代词its。8.wereformed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是morethan900newglacier­fedlakes,与动词form构成动宾关系且表示复数；时间状语是from1990to2010，应用一般过去时，故填wereformed。9.on/upon考查介词。此处表示科学家必须依靠人造卫星来计算它们的数量。relyon/upon意为“依靠，依赖”，为固定搭配。10.faster考查比较级。根据空前的much和空后的than可知，空处应用所给词的比较级形式。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.父母没有必要为孩子做一切事情。(Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.)There_is_no_need_for_parents_to_doeverythingfortheirchildren.2.我希望我能做点什么事以报答他的好意。(inreturnfor)IwishIcoulddosomethingin_return_forthekindnessIhavereceivedfromhim.3.她干完了活，坐下来喝杯茶。(独立主格结构)Her_work_done,shesatdownforacupoftea.4.我们城市的警察努力工作，以便我们其他人能过上安全的生活。(sothat)Thepoliceofficersinourcityworkhardso_thattherestofuscanliveasafelife.5.为了取得好成绩，他一直努力学习。(不定式作目的状语)To_get_good_grades,healwaysworkshard.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AMyfifteen­year­oldsonhasjustreturnedfromabroadwithrollsofexposedfilmandahundreddollarsinuncashedtraveller'schecks,andisasleepatthemoment.Hisblueduffelbag(帆布袋)liesonthefloorwherehedroppedit.Obviously,hepostponedasmuchsleepashecould:whenhewalkedinandwehugged,hiselectricalsystemsuddenlyswitchedoff,andheheadeddirectlyforthebed,whereIimaginehebeathisoldrecordofsixteenhours.Itwashisfirsttripoverseas,soweeksbeforeit,Ipressedtravelbooksonhim,andatapecassetteofusefulFrenchphrases;drewupalistofpeopletovisit;advisedhimonclothingandotherthings.Attheluggagestorewherewewenttobuyhimasuitcase,heheadedfortheduffels,sayingthatsuitcasesweremoreforoldpeople.Duringthetrip,hecalledhomethreetimes:fromLondon,Paris,andavillagenamedUllapool.NearUllapool,heclimbedamountaininarainstormthatalmostblewhimoff.Inthevillage,amanspoketohiminGaelic,and,toopolitetointerrupt,mysonlistenedtohimfortenorfifteenminutes,tryingtonodintherightplaces.TheFrenchhelearnedfromthecassettedidn'tholdwaterinParis.TheFrenchhetalkedtoshruggedandwalkedon.Whenmysoncalled,Isatdownatthekitchentableandleanedforwardandhungoneveryword.Hisvoicecamethroughclearly,thoughtwoofthecallswerelikeship­to­shorecommunication.WhenIinterruptedhimwitha“Great！”ora“Really？”，Iknockedalittleholeinhiscommunication.SoIjustsatandlistened.Ihaveneverlistenedtoatelephonesoattentivelyandwithsomuchpleasure.Itwaswonderfultohearnewsfromhimthatwassonewtome.Inmybook,hewasthefirstmantolandonthemoon,andIknewthatIhadnoadvicetogivehimandthatwhatIhadalreadygivenwasprobablynotmuchhelp.Theunusedchecksarecertainlyevidenceofthat.Youthtravelslight.Nosuitcase,notmuchluggageandaslimexpenseaccount,andyethewenttothescene,andcamebacksafely.Isithereamazed.Thenightwhenyourchildreturnswithdustonhisshoesfromacountryyou'veneverseenisanightyouwouldgladlyturnintoaweek.1.Duringthetrip,theauthor'sson________.A.ranoutofmoneyB.hadinadequatesleepC.forgottocallhismotherD.failedtotakegoodpictures2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbestdescribetheauthor'sson?A.Politeandcareless.B.Creativeandstubborn.C.Considerateandindependent.D.Self­centredandadventurous.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Itisimportanttolistentoyourchild'sstory.B.It'seasytointerruptthechatwithyourchild.C.Theauthorisproudofhersonlandingonthemoon.D.Thesonnolongerneedsmuchhelpfromhismother.4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Goodparentsshouldprotecttheirchildrenfrompotentialdangers.B.Theworldisabookandthosewhodonottravelreadonlyonepage.C.It'sawin­winchoicetogiveachildspacetoexperienceandexplore.D.Communicationbetweenparentsandchildrenisextremelyimportant.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了她十五岁的儿子的国外旅行经历。作者认为给予自己孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和体验是一种双赢的选择。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Myfifteen­year­oldsonhasjustreturnedfromabroadwithrollsofexposedfilmandahundreddollarsinuncashedtraveller'schecks,andisasleepatthemoment.”可知，作者的儿子旅游回到家蒙头大睡，因此可推断他在旅游的过程中缺乏睡眠，故选B。2.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“toopolitetointerrupt,mysonlistenedtohimfortenorfifteenminutes”可推知，作者的儿子的其中一个性格是considerate(体贴的，考虑周全的)；又根据文章说作者的儿子自己去旅行，很多事情都一个人去处理，也可推断他是一个独立的(independent)人。故选C。3.D代词指代题。根据上一段中的“Inmybook,hewasthefirstmantolandonthemoon,andIknewthatIhadnoadvicetogivehimandthatwhatIhadalreadygivenwasprobablynotmuchhelp.”可知，作者作为家长，实际上也没有给她的儿子多少建议和意见，由此分析可知选D。4.C推理判断题。纵观全文，根据作者对她的儿子这次去旅游之前，旅游过程中给家里打电话以及回来之后的一连串的分析和思考可知，作者认为给予孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和体验是一种双赢的选择，故选C。BPangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammalsintheworldandarefacingextinction.Todrawattentiontothesescaly(有鳞片的),anteater­likeanimals,anewwildlifedocumentary,EyeofthePangolin,isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.Partneringwiththenon­profitorganisationPangolin.Africa,thedocumentarywasmadeavailableonYouTubeinMay2019.TheintentionistoreachcommunitieswherevertheInternetisavailable,especiallyAfricancommunities,wholiveneartheanimal'shabitats.Overtwoyears,thedocumentarycrewtravelledtoSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublicandGaboninsearchofthefouruniquespeciesofpangolin,whichhasneverbeenachievedbefore.FilmmakersBruceYoungandJohanVermeulensaythattheywentintotheshootknowingrelativelylittleaboutpangolins,butgrewtorespectandappreciatetheanimals.Gettingclosetothecreaturesovertwoyearswasacrashcourseinthesesecretivecreatures.JohanVermeulensaid,“Onethinghoweverthatmightseemunimportantisthattheyareactuallyquitefussyeaters.Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant.”PangolinsarehuntedillegallyacrossAfricafortheirscales,whichareusedfortraditionalmedicine,andtheirmeat.InApril2019,Singaporeancustomsofficersconductedtwoseparateseizuresof24tonsofpangolinscales,whichequalstothedeathof69,000pangolins.Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat,theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforactiontoendtraffickingandprotectingtheseuniquecreatures.FilmedonlocationinSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublic,andGabon,thispowerfuldocumentaryisthestoryoftwomenonamissiontogetallfourspeciesofAfricanpangolinsoncamerafortheveryfirsttime.5.Whatisthepurposeofthedocumentary?A.Tostudythesituationofpangolins.B.Tocollectfundstoprotectpangolins.C.Toraiseawarenessofpangolinprotection.D.Toproposesettinguppangolinreserves.6.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fussy”inParagraph2?A.Picky. B.Messy.C.Showy. D.Heavy.7.What'sthedocumentarymainlyabout?A.Theillegaltradeofpangolins.B.Themedicalfunctionofpangolins'scales.C.Thelifeofpangolinsintheirnaturalhabitats.D.TheeffortsofPangolin.Africatosavepangolins.8.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Abrochure. B.Adiary.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。穿山甲是世界上被贩运最频繁的哺乳动物，并且正面临灭绝。一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。5.C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforactiontoendtraffickingandprotectingtheseuniquecreatures”可知，该纪录片的目的是呼吁全世界的观看者采取行动，制止贩运从而保护这些独特的生物。由此可知，该纪录片的目的是提高人们对穿山甲保护的认识。故选C。6.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant.”可知，穿山甲实际上对食物很挑剔。你认为它们会吃任何类型的蚂蚁，但他们都比较喜欢一种特别的蚂蚁。由此可推知，画线词意为“挑剔的”。故选A。7.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat”可知，这部纪录片的主要内容是穿山甲在自然栖息地的生活。故选C。8.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammalsintheworld...isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.”可知，穿山甲正面临灭绝，一部新的野生动物纪录片《穿山甲之眼》正在尝试以一种独特的方式来呼吁人们采取行动保护它们。由这个话题内容可知，文章最有可能来自一本动物保护方面的杂志。故选D。Ⅱ.读后续写(2021·全国重点中学模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenshewastwelveyearsold,RahaearnedascholarshiptostudyinEngland.ShefondlyhuggedMamaandsaidgoodbyetoherbrowncow,withwhomshespentmanyyears.ThenRahaandBaba,herfather,rodethecrowdedbustotheairport.“YourRahameanshappiness，”Babasaid.“Rememberthat.”Astheplanetookoff,Rahalookedoutthewindowattheanimalsandriversinherhomeland.Shestareddownatthegreenfieldswheresheusedtorunlikethewind.AtschoolinEngland,itwasn'teasyforRahatostayhappy.Theteachersgaveherdozensofmathproblemstosolve,essaystowriteandbookstoread.Herrunningcoachgaveherashirtandwhiteshorts,runningshoesforthecomingcross­country.Rahahadalwaysrunbarefootathome,andtheshoesweretightonherfeet.Butalltheotherrunnersworeshoes,andRahadidn'twanttobedifferent.TheteampractisedrunningeverySaturday.Afterthepractice,everyonewatchedrugby—everyonebutRaha.Shewouldrunaloneoverfieldsthickwithmud.Thecoldairhurtherthroat.Shemissedrunningbarefootandfastunderthewarmsun.OneSaturday,Raharanupahillandfoundherselfbeforeabarn(牲口棚).OneofherclassmatesnamedThomas,stoodjustinsidethebarn.Afterhegreetedher,Rahaasked,“Whyaren'tyouwatchingrugby？”“Ihavetohelpmyfathertolookafterthecows，”saidThomas.“Wouldyouliketoseethem？”Rahaenteredthebarn,andthefamiliarsmellofcowssurroundedher.“Wealsohaveacowathome，”shesaid.“IcallherRafiki.Thatmeans‘friend’．”Rahatouchedtheroundsideofabrowncow.“She'llgivebirthtoacalf(小牛)soon，”saidThomas.ThenextSaturday,RaharanuptoThomas'sfarmanddidn'tseehimatthebarn,sosheranupthehilltothefieldsabove.UpthehillshefoundThomas'sbrowncowlyingonherside,breathingheavily.“Poorthing,yourcalfiscoming，”Rahasaid.Shelookedoutoverthefields,butnooneinsight.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Rahadidn'tknowhowtodeliveracalf,butsheknewhowtorunforhelp._________________________