(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第四册　Unit 4　Sharing (含详解)

选择性必修第四册Unit4Sharing阅读·提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·福建三明质检)Inanefforttoinformourcitizenstoclearthestreetsnow，thecityadoptsasnowremovalplan.RoutesusedbyCityEmergencyServicescomefirst.Secondly，connectorstreetswillbeclearedwhichallowcitizensthegreatestaccesstopublicroads.Andthirdly，roadswithinneighborhoodswillbecleared.Snowremovalandicecontrolwillstartwhen：*Snowaccumulates4inchesormore.*Weatherconditionsdonotendangerthesafetyofroadcrew.*Snowfallsduringpeaktrafficperiodsofheavyuseofmainstreets.Snowandiceremovalwillbedelayedorcancelledwhen：*Thereisseverecold，significantwindandlimitedvisibility.*Thesnowfalloccursontheweekendoraholidayandisnotconsideredathreattopublicsafety.Inthatcase，snowandiceremovalmaytakeplaceonthenextnormalweekday.*Snowandicemaybeleftonroadwaysifmeltingisobvious.Yourcooperationisrequestedduringsnowremovalandthesesuggestionsmayapply：*Limittravelduringstorms.Travelispossibleonceroadshavebeenclearedorsaltedbytheroadcrew.*Avoidremovingsnowfromyourdrivewayintotheroad.Pilethesnowinyouryard.*Parkyourvehiclesinyourdrivewaysandofftheroadorsidewalks.*Keeppublicsidewalksnexttoyourhouseclearofsnowandice.*Beresponsibleforremovingthissnowwhichisthrownbythesnowplough(犁)fromyourdriveways.Hopefully，youcanunderstandthisinconvenience.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市的除雪工作，注意事项和市民如何进行配合的指导意见。1．Whenwillthesnowhavetoberemoved?A．Ifitreachesacertainthickness.B．Ifthemainstreetsarenotbusy.C．Ifthesnowandicebegintomelt.D．Ifextremeweathermakesroadsdangerous.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Snowaccumulates4inchesormore.”可知，当积雪达到一定厚度时，就必须开始除雪工作。故选A。2．Whatshouldcitizensdotocooperateinthesnowremoval?A．Helptoputthesaltontheroad.B．Pilethesnownearbytotheroad.C．Throwthesnowintothedriveways.D．Clearthesidewalksclosetotheirhouses.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段倒数第二句“Keeppublicsidewalksnexttoyourhouseclearofsnowandice.”可知，市民需要清理他们家附近的公共人行道上的冰雪。故选D。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Clearanceofemergencyroutesisapriority.B．Snowandicemustberemovedontheweekends.C．Citizensplaythemostimportantroleinsnowremoval.D．Theposteristoinformcitizensofanoncomingheavysnow.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“RoutesusedbyCityEmergencyServicescomefirst.”可知，城市应急服务线路优先，也就是说清除紧急通道是一项优先事项。故选A。B(2021·山东湖北联考)Morethan￡5,500hasbeenraisedafteraplea(请愿)lastMondaybyavetDrScottMiller.Scottsaid，“Iwouldliketosayamassivethank-youtoExpressreadersfrommyself，fromAustraliaandfromthekoalas.It’samazingthatpeoplefromacrosstheworldcanseehowsignificantthecatastrophehasbeen.Idoappreciatethatpeoplearebeingverysupportiveandreachingintotheirpockets.”Anarea，athirdofthesizeofBritainisestimatedtohavebeenravaged(毁坏)sincetheblazes(火灾)beganinSeptember.OnFriday，astateofemergencywasdeclaredinthecapitalCanberra，withresidentstoldtopreparetoevacuateasfiresontheoutskirts(市郊)threatenedtospread.Abillionanimalsarefearedtohavedied，including25,000koalas.LastweekScotttoldhowhehadvisitedhishomeland，helpingtosavewildlifeonKangarooIslandoffthecoastofAdelaide.Whilethereherescuedamotherandababykoalawhowerestuckinatree.Thepairwererushedtoafieldhospitalontheislandtobetreated.Themumhadsevereburnstoherpawsandwasbadlydehydrated(脱水的)，whileherbabysonhadaneyeinjuryandwasunderweight.Scott，whohasappearedonITV’sThisMorningandBBC’sBluePeter，saidthemotherisshowing“greatsignsofimprovement”andherwoundsarestartingtoheal.Thebabyhasundergonesurgerytohiseyeandis“recoveringfromtheanesthetic(麻药)anddoingwell”．Butheadded，“Themotherremainsdehydratedsoitisn’tproducingenoughmilktofeedthebaby.Atthemomentthey’rebeinghousedseverallybutthereisthehopethatwhenthebabyisalittlestrongerhewillbeabletobereturnedtohismother.”Evenaftertheyrecover，thepairwillprobablyspendtheirlivesinanenclosurewhilethebushtakesyearstorecover.Scottsaid，“Sadlypatientsarestillcominginthickandfast.Eachoftheseanimalsisrequiringtobehousedandfed，andregularmedicaltreatmenttotheirinjuries.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是DrScott救助的故事。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．DrScottdonatedmorethan￡5,500.B．ResidentswereaskedtomovetoCanberra.C．Numerousanimalsmighthavelosttheirlives.D．AlargeareaofBritainhasbeenbadlydamagedbythefire.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Abillionanimalsarefearedtohavedied，including25,000koalas.”可推知，大量的动物可能因为火灾失去了生命。故选C。5．WhatdidDrScottdoafterreturningtohishomeland?A．Hewasrushedtothefieldhospitaltoreceivetreatment.B．HeassistedtorescuethewildlifeonKangarooIsland.C．HehostedtheITV’SThisMorning.D．Hefedtheunderweightbabykoala.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“LastweekScotttoldhowhehadvisitedhishomeland，helpingtosavewildlifeonKangarooIslandoffthecoastofAdelaide.”可知，上周Scott讲述了他如何访问自己的祖国，帮助拯救阿德莱德海岸袋鼠岛上的野生动物。故选B。6．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?A．Separately. B．Seriously.C．Successfully. D．Sympathetically.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后半部分“...butthereisthehopethatwhenthebabyisalittlestrongerhewillbeabletobereturnedtohismother.”的句意及句中表示转折关系的连词but可判断此处单词为“分别地，各自地”之意，故选A。7．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ABigAustralianFireB．People’sGenerousDonationC．Koalas’RecoveryD．RescuingKoalas答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文并结合第三段第一句“LastweekScotttoldhowhehadvisitedhishomeland，helpingtosavewildlifeonKangarooIslandoffthecoastofAdelaide.”可知，本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚森林大火后受伤的考拉得到了人们尤其是DrScott救助的故事，故选D。C(2021·安徽黄山质检)Whyaresomepeoplebetterabletofightoffthefluthanothers?Partoftheanswer，accordingtoanewstudy，isrelatedtothefirstflustrainweencounterinchildhood.ScientistsfromUCLAandtheUniversityofArizonahavefoundthatpeople’sabilitytofightoffthefluvirusisdeterminednotonlybythesubtypesofflutheyhavehadthroughouttheirlives，butalsobythesequence(顺序)inwhichtheyhavebeeninfectedbythoseviruses.Theirstudywaspublishedintheopen-accessjournalPLoSPathogens.Theresearchoffersanexplanationforwhysomepeoplebecomemuchworsethanotherswheninfectedwiththesamestrainofthefluvirus.Inaddition，UCLAscientists，includingProfessorJamesLloyd-Smith，whowasalsoaseniorauthorofthePLoSPathogensresearch，recentlycompletedastudythatanalyzedtravel-relatedscreeningforthe2019novelcoronavirus(新型冠状病毒)．Theresearchersreportedthatscreeningtravelersisnotveryeffectiveforthe2019coronavirus—thatitwillcatchlessthanhalfofinfectedtravelers，onaverage—andthatmostinfectedtravelersareundetectable，meaningthattheyhavenosymptomsyet，andareunawarethattheyhavebeenexposed.Sostoppingthespreadofthevirusisnotsimplyamatterofenhancingscreeningmethodsatairportsandothertravelcenters.“Thisputstheonus(责任，负担)ongovernmentofficialsandpublichealthofficialstofollowupwithtravelersaftertheyarrive，toisolatethemandtracetheircontactsiftheygetsicklater，”saidLloyd-Smith，aUCLAprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiology.“Manygovernmentshavestartedtoimposequarantines(隔离)，oreventravelbans，astheyrealizethatscreeningisnotsufficienttostopthespreadofthecoronavirus.”Onemajorconcern，Lloyd-Smithsaid，isthatothercountries，especiallydevelopingnations，lacktheinfrastructureandresourcesforthosemeasures，andarethereforevulnerabletoimportingthedisease.“MuchofthepublichealthworldisveryconcernedaboutthevirusbeingintroducedintoAfricaorIndia，wherelargepopulationsexistthatdonothaveaccesstoadvancedmedicalcare，”hesaid.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。面对疫情，我们在做好自身防护的同时，是否存有这样的疑问：为什么在疫情爆发的地区，同一环境下有人被感染，有人却能安然无恙？为什么有些人不易被流感病毒感染。文章主要讲述了一项新的科学研究，来说明人们抵抗病毒的能力。8．Whatisthesignificanceofthescientists’research?A．Itexplainsthecauseofthefluvirus.B．Itreducestheriskofpeoplebeinginfected.C．Itanalyzespeople’sabilitytofightoffthevirus.D．Itstopsthespreadofthefluvirusallaroundtheworld.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项研究解释了为什么有些人在感染了相同毒株的流感病毒后会变得比其他人更糟糕。由此可知，这项科学研究的意义就是分析了人们对抗病毒的能力。故选C。9．WhatdoweknowaboutthenovelcoronavirusfromParagraph3?A．Travelersareathighriskofbeingexposedtoit.B．Itismoredifficulttostopitsspreadthanexpected.C．Mosttravelersinfectedwithitaredetectedbyscreening.D．Itspreadsespeciallyquicklyatairportsandrailwaystations.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究人员报告说，对旅行者进行筛查对2019年冠状病毒感染并不是很有效——平均来说，只有不到一半的受感染旅行者会被检测到——而且大多数受感染的旅行者是检测不到的，这意味着他们还没有症状，而且不知道他们已经接触了病毒。由此可知关于新型冠状病毒，阻止它的传播比预期的要困难，故选B。10．WhydoesthewritermentionLloyd-Smith’swordsinParagraph4?A．Topersuadepeoplenottotravel.B．Toprovideamethodtokillthevirus.C．Toshowtheharmfuleffectsofthevirus.D．Tostresstheresponsibilitiesofofficials.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知，史密斯的意思是政府要重视隔离和追踪接触者，即史密斯是在强调政府官员的责任。故选D。11．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inthelastparagraph?A．Weak. B．Impossible.C．Responsible. D．Indifferent.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句可知，劳埃德·史密斯说，一个主要的担忧是，其他国家，特别是发展中国家，缺乏采取这些措施的基础设施和资源，由此可知后半句意为“因此很容易输入这种疾病”，因此推断vulnerable的意思是“易受攻击的，脆弱的”，故选A。D(2021·河南濮阳质检)Cornisamongthemostcommonlyconsumedgrainsontheplanet.Globally，theaveragehumanwillconsume70poundsofcorneachyear!That’sawholelotofcornthatneedstobegrowneachyear，andthat’snotevenaccountingforcornbeinggrownforanimalconsumptionandbiofuel.Justlikemanyotherpopularfoods，farmersarefindingitdifficulttogetenoughcornproduced.Ofcourse，complicatingmattersisthefactthatcornisatropical(热带的)plant，meaningfarmerscan’tproduceitduringthecoldermonthsoftheyear.Now，researchersfromCornellUniversity’sBoyceThompsonInstitutehavedevelopedtheirownsolution：anewvariationofcornthatrecoversmuchmorequicklyafterbeingexposedtocoldtemperatures.LeadresearcherDavidStern，presidentoftheBoyceThompsonInstitute，andhisteammadethisincrediblebreakthroughbybuildingonresearchoriginallypublishedtwoyearsago.Thatstudyhaddiscoveredthatincreasingthelevelsofanenzyme(酶)calledRubiscoinplantscausedthemtogrowmorerapidlyandreachlargersizes.Rubiscohelpsplantsturnatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2)intosugar.Regardingcornspecifically，Rubiscolevelsincorndropconsiderablyincoldweather.Thistime，theresearchteamplantedalargegroupofcornplants，andprovidedaportionofthegroupwithmoreRubison.Then，theyallowedalltheplantstogrowforthreeweeksat77degreesFahrenheit(normalgrowingtemperatureforcorn)beforedroppingthetemperatureto57degreesFahrenheitfortwomoreweeks.Finally，theyheatedthingsupbackagainto77degrees.“ThecornwithmoreRubiscoperformedbetterthanregularcornbefore，duringandafterchilling(冷却)，”explainedfirstauthorCoralieSalese-Smith.“Infact，wewereabletoreducetheseverityofchillingstressandallowforamorerapidrecovery.”Allinall，thecornwithmoreRubiscowasabletorecoverfromthecoldertemperaturesmorequicklyandwithlessdamagedone.TheRubiscocornplantsgrewtobetaller.Theseresultsareverypromising.However，Sternandhisteamsaythey’restillworkingonimprovingtheirapproach.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。来自康奈尔大学博伊斯·汤普森研究所的研究人员研发出一种新的玉米品种，它暴露在低温环境后恢复得更快。12．Whatmakestheresearchparticularlynecessaryaccordingtothetext?A．Thegreatclimatechange.B．Lackofheat-tolerantcorn.C．Thelargedemandforcorn.D．Corn’sinsensitivitytoclimate.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Justlikemanyotherpopularfoods，farmersarefindingitdifficulttogetenoughcornproduced.”可知，玉米的消耗量很大，对玉米的需求量大使这项关于培育玉米新品种的研究显得尤其必要。故选C。13．Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringthestudy?A．TheymadethosecornplantsresistRubisco.B．Theyassessedcornplants’abilitytoabsorbCO2.C．Theyremovedallthechillingstressoncornplants.D．Theyexposedcornplantstodifferenttemperatures.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Then，theyallowedalltheplantstogrowforthreeweeksat77degreesFahrenheit(normalgrowingtemperatureforcorn)beforedroppingthetemperatureto57degreesFahrenheitfortwomoreweeks.Finally，theyheatedthingsupbackagainto77degrees.”可知，研究人员将玉米植株暴露在不同的温度下，故选D。14．Whatshouldtheresearchersthinkofthecornplanttheydeveloped?A．Ithasfunctionedwellinsolvingglobalstarvation.B．Itisqualifiedenoughtobegrownaroundtheworld.C．Itrecoversfromthecoldertemperaturesmoreslowly.D．Itisn’tyetcompletelyperfectforchillingtolerance.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，Sternandhisteamsaythey’restillworkingonimprovingtheirapproach.”可推断，研究人员可能认为他们研发出来的玉米植株的耐寒性还不够完美。故选D。15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MuchMoreCornPlantsAreBadlyNeededB．CornPlantsAren’tSensitivetoColdWeatherC．ScientistsHaveDevelopedCold-ResistantCornD．TropicalCornIsGoingtoBecomeHistorySoon答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Now，researchersfromCornellUniversity’sBoyceThompsonInstitutehavedevelopedtheirownsolution：anewvariationofcornthatrecoversmuchmorequicklyafterbeingexposedtocoldtemperatures.”可知，本文主要讲述的是科学家研发出了一种耐寒的玉米品种。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·山东临沂质检)TheHotelWake-upCallGetsPersonalHere’sawake-upcall：Thehotelfrontdeskwilldoonebetterthanringingyourphoneinthemorning.They’llsendanactualhumanbeingtoyourroom.Don’tworry.Theywon’tcomeinandkissyougoodmorning.1Nevermindthatmosttravelersnowadayshavesmartphoneswithbuilt-inalarmclocks.2Herearesomeexamples.AttheWolcottHotel，ifawake-upcallisunanswered，theywillsendanemployeetoyourdoor.AtLasVentanasalParaiso，anemployeeshowsupatyourroomtowakeyouupwithtea，coffeeandbreakfastbread.AttheMandarinOriental，apersonratherthananautomatedsystemwillcalltowakeyouup.3Hotelshavealwaystakenthewake-upcallseriously.4Ifyoudon’tgetyourcallwithinfiveminutesoftherequestedtime，youwon’thavetopayforyourroom.Traveler