(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第二册　热点话题　精深阅读(二) (含详解)

热点话题精深阅读(二)主题语境：人与社会——关注饮食，养成良好的饮食习惯，提升生活质量(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch，boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份)，it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan，eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate，theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However，theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest，inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase，shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest：theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore，sowillI．Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However，we’lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion，I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot，I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim，whycan’tI?语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。1．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety.B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand.D．Eatingbehavior.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch，boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.”可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的饮食摄入量。这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inParagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters.B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters.D．Tallthinpersons.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反——你真正需要避免的是那些……食欲大的人。此处的beanpoles意思应与heavierpeople相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。3．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceon...”及第四句“Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。4．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare.B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers.D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，如果一个发福的人吃得多，“我”可能会“引以为戒”。如果一个瘦的人吃得多，“我”也会这么做。这说明我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。微技能点拨理解全文，推断文字，巧解推理判断题。第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子或者通读全文。第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。本文中第3题和第4题为推理判断题，根据策略，第3题解题如下：Step1确定题干关键词：theresearchershiretheactorStep2回到原文准定位：Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.(Paragraph2)Step3对比选项找最佳：尝试解答A。文本提炼Ⅰ.宏观把握，整体理解Ⅱ.词汇积累1．consumptionn．消耗2．contraryto与……相反3．appetiten．胃口4．undergraduaten．本科生5．grabvt.抓住6．followsuit照着做；仿效7．adjustvt.调节；适应Ⅲ.长难句分析Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions，it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.句式分析本句是主从复合句，thatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeople是定语从句，修饰先行词research，whoorderlargeportions是定语从句，修饰先行词heavierpeople；youreallyneedtoavoid也是定语从句，修饰先