考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京航空航天大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

MoscowseemstobemovingpastitsoldfearofanexpandedNATO.ThoughRussiadoesnotwanttojoinNATO——PutinandotherpoliticianshavemadeitclearthattheyconsiderRussiacapableofensuringitsownsecurityitisplacinganew（）onfosteringtiewithitsNATOneighbors.

问题1选项

A.premium

B.prelude

C.preponderance

D.preamble

【答案】A

【解析】形近异义词辨析。premium“额外费用”；prelude“前奏，序幕”；preponderance“优势，多数”；preamble“序文，先兆”。又根据固定搭配placeanewpremiumon“鼓励，重视”，句意：普京和其他政客已经明确表示，他们认为俄罗斯有能力确保自己的安全俄罗斯注重加强与北约邻国的关系。选项A符合题意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Thedebateaboutgovernment’ssuccessesandfailuresdemonstratesagainthatdrawingtheboundarybetweenmarketandgovernmentisanenduringproblem.Thetoolsofeconomicsareindispensabletohelpsocietiesfindthegoldenmeanbetweenlaissez-fairemarketmechanismsanddemocraticrulesoftheroad.Thegoodmixedeconomyis,perforce,thelimitedmixedeconomy.Butthosewhowouldreducegovernmenttotheconstableplusafewlighthousesarelivinginadreamworld.Anefficientandhumanesocietyrequiresbothhalvesofthemixedsystem—marketandgovernment.Operatingamodemeconomywithoutbothisliketryingtoclapwithonehand.

【答案】关于政府的成功与失败的讨论再次表明，划清市场与政府之间的界限是一个长期存在的问题。经济学工具是帮助社会找到自由放任的市场机制和民主的道路规则之间中庸之道不可缺少的。良好的混合经济必然是有限的混合经济。但是那些把政府降为警察和几座灯塔的人正生活在一个梦幻世界里。一个高效的、人道的社会需要混合系统的两部分—市场和政府。在没有两者的情况下经营现代经济，就像试图用一只手鼓掌一样。

3.单选题

Employeesknewfromthevery（）thattheirjobswouldfinishthisyear.

问题1选项

A.upshot

B.outbreak

C.outcome

D.outset

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似词词义辨析。upshot“结局，结果”；outbreak“（战争的）爆发”；outcome“结果，结局”；outset“开始，开端”。句意：员工从开始就知道他们的工作今年就会结束。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Theemployertriedto（）hisemployeesfromstagingrollingstrikesbythreateningtoclosedowntheentireplant.

问题1选项

A.forbid

B.intimidate

C.avoid

D.distract

【答案】A

【解析】forbidfrom...为固定搭配，意为“阻止，禁止”。句意：雇主威胁要关闭整个工厂，试图阻止他的员工罢工。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

AsIhavementioned,animportantsourceofhumanstressisthe（

）betweenthedemandsoftheindividualandthoseofhissociety.

问题1选项

A.splash

B.smash

C.crash

D.clash

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。splash“溅泼声，溅泼”；smash“破碎”；C项“crash撞击（声），破裂（声）；撞车，（车辆等）碰撞”；dash“猛冲”。句意：正如我所提到的，人类压力的一个重要来源便是个人与所处社会需求之间的冲突。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastcenturyhascomethemixedblessingoflivinglongerandlosingmore.Afewgreatthinkersandartistsremainedproductiveintheirlateryears—Galileo,Monet,Shaw,Stravinsky,Tolstoy—buteventheywerenotwhattheyhadbeenintheirprimes.Inscience,theboomfallssoonerstill:“personwhohasnotmadehisgreatcontributiontosciencebeforetheageof30willneverdoso,”saidEinstein.

Imagineifwecouldtransplantoldbrainsintoyoungerbodies:wouldourmindsstayyoung,orwouldwebesenileteenagers,scalingmountainsandskateboardingat120,butforgettingwhereweputthecarkeys?Isthebrainuniquelyvulnerabletotheravagesoftime?Cananythingbedone?

Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage.Thesebenefitsapplytoallsortsofcognitivelosses,includingthoseassociatedwithAlzheimer’s.Someresearchersbelievethatmentalapplicationinearlylifeproducescomplexneuralconnectionsthatprovideareservelateron

othersarguethateducationmerelygivespeoplethemeanstocopewithandcompensatefortheirlosses.

K.WarnerSchaie,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentandpsychologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,hasstudiedage-relatedchangeinmorethan5,000people,someformorethan40years.Comparingearlierwithlaterrecruits,Mr.Schaieconcludesthattherateofmentaldeclineisslowing，achangeheattributestobettereducation,healthierdiet,lessenedexposuretoseriousdisease,andmorementalactivity.“You’vegottopractice,”Mr.Schaiesays,“Ifyoudon’tsolveproblems,younolongercansolveproblems.”Retirementcanbeparticularlyhard,headds,becauseformanypeople,workistheirmostchallengingactivity.“Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho,vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.Butit’sdisadvantageousforpeopleinhigh-leveljobs,whoarelesslikelytofindsomethingasstimulatingasthejobtheyhad.”

K.AndersEricsson,apsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,confirmsMr.Schaie’semphasisonthevirtueofpractice.Initiallyinterestedinexpertperformerslikemusicians,hefoundthatmanyostensiblegeniusesaren’treallysodifferentfromeveryoneelse—theyjustpracticeharderandlonger,benefitingfromsheerlabor,ratherthanfromsomespecialgift.Professionalmusicianswhocontinuetopracticeassiduouslyastheyagecontinuetoplaywell,whileamateurswhojustplayforpleasureshowage-relateddeclines.

Mr.Ericsson’sstudiesfailedtoshowsignificantgeneralizedbenefitsfrommentalexercise.“Ifyouplaytennis,youimproveyourgeneralfitness,butthegreatestimprovementisspecifictotennis,nottoothersports.It’sthesamewithcognitiveexercise.Youhavetolookatyourlifeandpickwhatyouwanttoimprove.”

1.Accordingtothetext,mostgreatthinkersandartists（

）

2.Thethirdpassagetellsusthathigherlevelsofeducation（

）.

3.Inthistexttheauthor’smainintentisto（

）.

4.Retirementcanbegoodforpeoplewho（

）.

5.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatmentalexercise（

）.

问题1选项

A.wereproductiveevenintheirlateryears

B.weremostsuccessfulbeforetheageof30

C.madecontributionsregardlessofage

D.contributedthemostbeforeoldage

问题2选项

A.canhelppreventAlzheimer’s

B.arerelatedtogreatermentalawarenessinyouth

C.arerelatedtolowerlevelsofmentaldeclineinoldage

D.areonlyofmanyfactorsthatcanslowtherateofmentaldecline

问题3选项

A.underscorethedifficultiesrelatedtoaging

B.critiquedifferenttheoriesofmentaldeclineinoldage

C.arguethatoldageneednotbeabarriertogreataccomplishments

D.understandhowpeoplecancountertheimpactsofagingonmentalfaculties

问题4选项

A.havealwayshadverybusyworklives

B.canfindmorestimulatingactivitiesthantheyhadthroughwork

C.havehadhigh-leveljobsorverystimulatingworkexperiences

D.havepreviouslyhadunsatisfyingworkexperiences

问题5选项

A.offersbenefitsspecifictothatkindofexercise

B.shouldbepairedwithphysicalexerciseformaximumbenefit

C.iscomparabletophysicalactivitiesintermsofitsimportancetooverallhealth

D.cancounterage-relatedmentaldecline

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到很少的思想家和艺术家在他们晚年依然保持创造力，比如伽利略，莫内，肖恩等，但是远远不及他们的壮年时期。选项D符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句话Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage。选项C的表述与之相近，所以符合题意。

3.文章在第一段提出年老会使人智力下降，接着列举了几位研究人员关于这个问题的研究，主要关于老年脑力和认知能力衰退的情况，还有受教育程度和工作种类对智力衰退的影响。A、C两个选项很容易排除；文章并没有将重点放在如何解决年老带来的问题，所以D选项也排除。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第四段Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho’vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.选项B的描述与之相近，所以符合题意。

5.文章最后一段第一句话提到研究并不能表明脑力锻炼能够产生全面的好处。之后举打网球的例子进一步说明脑力锻炼只能获得与此锻炼相关联的好处，选项A与此信息一致。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Alreadyintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,therehadbeenapowerfulalignmentbetweenruralculturalethicsandchurchteaching.

问题1选项

A.alliance

B.agreement

C.conflict

D.contradiction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alliance“联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项agreement“协议；同意，一致”；C选项conflict“冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项contradiction“矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词alignment“结盟”，得知A为正确答案。

8.单选题

TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.

问题1选项

A.hasbeen

B.were

C.was

D.hadbeen

【答案】C

【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是乔叟写的。

语法题。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为TheCanterburyTales(一本书),后面又有关键信息writtenbyChaucer,所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时和第三人称单数形式。故选C。

9.单选题

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

问题1选项

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。

句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

问题1选项

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介词。berelevantto表示“与……相关的”，句意：人种和性别与一个人是否适合工作无关。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

11.单选题

Shetookupsomanyhobbies（）whensheretiredthatshehadhardlyanytime.

问题1选项

A.inhand

B.athand

C.onherhands

D.atherhand

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查了同义词组辨析。inhand“在手中；掌握住”；athand“在手边；即将到来”；onherhands“（双手）趴在地上”；atherhand“在她手上”，此处表达的意思是“掌握多门兴趣爱好”，所以要用词组inhand，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：在她退休在家几乎没有什么时间的时候她居然掌握了多门业余爱好。

12.单选题

Thegreat（）betweentheteamsdidnotmakeforanentertaininggame.

问题1选项

A.disparity

B.discomfit

C.discretion

D.dislocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项disparity“明显差异”；B选项discomfit“使难堪”；C选项discretion“自行决定权；审慎”；D选项dislocation“（制度、进程、生活方式）紊乱”。句意：两队之间的巨大（）并没有使比赛变得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因为两个团队的巨大差异让比赛有看点的场景。因此A选项正确。

13.翻译题

迈克尔是那种你真想恨一恨的家伙，他总是乐呵呵的，总是说些积极向上的话。如果有人问他近况如何，他会这样回答：“如果我还能再好，我就成双胞胎了”。他生来就会让人积极进取。

如果哪位雇员有天过得很糟糕，迈克尔会告诉他如何看待问题的积极一面。他的这种方法着实让我好奇，所以有一天我找到迈克尔问：“我真弄不明白。你怎么能总是那样积极乐观？你是如何做到这一点的？”

迈克尔回答说，“每天早上醒来我对自己说，迈克，今天你有两种选择。你可以选择心情愉快，你也可以选择心情恶劣。”我选择心情愉悦。每次心情不愉快的事情发生时，我可以选择成为一个牺牲品，也可以选择从中吸取教训。我选择从中吸取教训。每次有什么人找我来抱怨，我可以选择接受他们的抱怨，也可以选择向他指出生活的积极面。我选择指出生活的积极面。

【答案】Michaelisthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Heisalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshassomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,‘IfIwereanybetter,I’dbetwins!”Hewasanaturalmotivator.

Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoMichaelandaskedhim,‘Idon’tgetit.Youcanbepositiveallthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

Michaelreplied,‘eachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,Mike,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Everytimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,Icanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorpointoutthepositivesideoflifetothem.Ichoosetopointoutthepositivesideoflife.

14.单选题

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“确认，确定”；B选项“完成，达到”；C选项“匹配，适合，匹敌”；D选项“夸张，夸大”；题干中rival“竞争对手，同行者，匹敌”，句意：他们的成就超出了他们的梦想，为他们的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都无法匹敌的魔力。因此C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.

问题1选项

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:人们担心有些父母为了使小孩达到他们的期望而（

）其基因。

enhance:提高，加强，增进。revise修改，校订。alternate交替，轮流。modify修改，更改，改变。alter:改变，更改。

16.单选题

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”，saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter（

）.

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

（

）.

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

（

）.

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

问题2选项

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

问题3选项

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

问题4选项

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

问题5选项

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.（RayHammond在他的优秀指南《作家和文字处理者》中预测，到1985年底，英国和美国超过一半的专业作家将使用文字处理器）可知C选项“作家使用的工具”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词typing定位到文章第二段中，由Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences（打字最害怕的是要涂改、删减和增加，或者如果他有任何实质性的想法，就会重新做整件事，这会使作者始终选择更安全的句子表达）可知用传统的方式打字会使作者不愿冒险大胆写作而选择安全的表达，因此D选项“不冒风险”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词revisionofatext定位到文章第三段中，由Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.（然而，这种至关重要的第一灵感总是不容易被重新获得的，因此，从另一方面来说，写作可能会变得过于深思熟虑，缺乏流动性和自发性，因为修订成为作品的一大部分）可知C选项“无法产生流畅的风格”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.（在屏幕上看到你自己的文字，会让你感到冷静和超然）可知A选项“作家与作品之间的距离感”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.（“没有缺点吗？学习使用文字处理器花费了很多时间学习，预计会损失几周的工作”，Hammond说，尽管几天可能会更准确些）可知B选项“夸大一个缺点”符合题意。

17.单选题

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

问题1选项

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。

18.不定项选择题

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

问题1选项

A.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction

B.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive.

C.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

D.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

问题2选项

A.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

B.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

C.Theturtlepopulationhaddecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

D.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

问题3选项

A.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.

B.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

C.Contaminationofseawater

D.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

问题4选项

A.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

B.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

C.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

D.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。A选项“政府的官僚作风导致了海龟的灭绝”；B选项“人类活动已经改变了海龟的生存方式。”；C选项“海洋生物学家正在寻找海龟繁殖的秘密”；D选项“人们已经采取措施保护海龟免于灭绝”。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

（人们对它们给予了如此多的关注，你可能会认为这些生物至少会心存感激，不会走向灭绝。）这里可知答案选D。B、C选项文章没有提及；根据第一段倒数第二句话AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines（为了保护它们在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地，政府已经竖起了一道强大的官僚主义墙）A选项错误。

第2题:推理判断题。题干：作者说“大自然对人类的公平观念漠不关心”的意图是什么。A选项“大自然的进程不会因为人类的干扰而改变”；B选项“在海归的存活上大自然还是很公平的”；C选项“尽管人类在保护它但是海龟的数量在减少”；D选项“海龟天然地对人类活动不感兴趣”。根据第二段第一句…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,…（……鱼类及野生动物管理局的一份报告显示，北大西洋几种海龟的数量出现了令人担忧的下降……）从这里可知答案选C，其他选项，第二自然段没有提及。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：伊丽莎白•格里芬认为什么是对海龟生存的主要威胁。A选项“他们的生育能力低”；B选项“他们的食物不足”；C选项“污染的海水”；D选项“无节制的商业捕鱼”。根据题干定位到第三段第二、三句话…wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.（……我们忽视了在海洋中度过的岁月。“威胁来自商业捕鱼，”格里芬说。拖网渔船（在水中和海底拖着大网）和长线渔船（可以在鱼线上部署数千个鱼钩，可以延伸数英里）对海龟造成严重伤害。），因此，答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：气候变暖对海龟有什么影响。A选项“不断上升的海平面使它们的幼崽难以生长。”；B选项“它威胁着它们产卵的沙滩”；C选项“它们需要更长的时间来适应海滩的高温”；D选项“不断变化的气候使它们的卵难以孵化”。根据题干定位到最后一段倒数第二句话Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.（海龟产卵的狭长海滩一边因开发而受到挤压，另一边则因海洋变暖而面临海平面上升的威胁。）所以答案选B。

19.单选题

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻烦事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

问题2选项

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

问题3选项

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowantto