考研考博-英语-安徽长江职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽长江职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

问题2选项

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

问题3选项

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

问题5选项

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

问题6选项

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

问题7选项

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

问题8选项

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

问题9选项

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:E

第8题:A

第9题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,将信息点定位到原文第二段第二句。“Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.（以粮食增长形式出现的大部分盈余，很可能用于提高生活水平；又有因卖粮所得的银钱，用以打仗。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.

细节推断题。定位原文第三段。根据“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests（波尔多葡萄园的扩张表明，教会和商业利益之间对可用资本的争夺非常激烈）”即可得出本题答案。

3.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”，将信息点定位到原文第三段。根据“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”从而得出本题答案。

4.事实推断题。根据题干关键词“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,将信息点定位到原文第一段最后一句。“Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.（只要那些耕种土地的人勉强能够保证他们自己和他们的地主的生存，所有其他活动都必须尽量减少，但是，当粮食盈余增加时，就有可能释放更多的人从事政府、商业、宗教和文化活动。）”即可得出本题答案。

5.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,将信息点定位到原文第四段第五句。根据第四段第三句，“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.（毫无疑问，城堡和大教堂的建设并不是完全没有利润（也就是说，对建筑者来说），它为社会带来了无形的物质和道德满足的红利。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.

细节推理题。通读全文，可知作者的核心观点与选项C的表述最为吻合。从而得出本题答案。

7.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,将信息点定位到原文最后一段最后一句，“Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.”即可得出本题答案。

8.

细节推断题。通读全文，能发现战争（战事）对中世纪人们的影响最大。从而得出本题答案。

9.

主旨大意题。通读全文，发现本文多次提及的关键词为“agriculturalsurplus”“Fundsavailableforcommerce”“medievalFrance”，从而得出本题的答案。

2.单选题

EnglishTestinDoctorialentranceexaminationisdesignedtoobservetheexaminees’English（

）

inreading,writing,andtranslating.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.persistency

C.consistency

D.sufficiency

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项persistency“持续，固执”；C选项consistency“一致性”；D选项sufficiency“足量，充足”，根据文中关键词“test考试”和“observe观察，评论”可知proficiency最合适，句意为：博士英语入学考试旨在测试受测者的读写和翻译的熟练度。故正确答案选A。

3.单选题

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

问题1选项

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能养活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特质的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你认为他的行为很普通，实际上，他们小组其他成员都不会像他那样做。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

问题1选项

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查点】虚拟语气

【解题思路】本题考查的是虚拟语气的使用情况之一：表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句通常使用虚拟语气，其形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。本题为表示建议的主语从句，空格处所填的内容为从句的谓语，因此需要使用“（should）+动词原形”，A选项wait“等待”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合该虚拟语气的结构要求。

【句意】有人建议他们等医生。

5.单选题

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

问题1选项

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.transplants移植B.transfers转移

C.transcends胜过，超越D.transforms转换

【考查点】形近词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处的that指代的是speed，也就是说比较飞机与船的速度。C选项transcends“胜过，超越”符合句子逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】大家都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。

6.单选题

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

问题1选项

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。四个选项中只有选项D这个单词是存在的，censorship“审查制度”。句意：很多受过良好教育的人认为审查制度不会危及言论自由。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

问题1选项

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。

语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics(数据(复数)),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。

8.单选题

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

问题1选项

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adaptable“适合的，可修改的”；B选项applicable“可应用的，合适的”；C选项crucial“重要的”；D选项cryst“结晶的”。句意：国会意识到，为改善教育和职业培训提供更多资金对提高竞争力至关重要。本句表示“提供资金给教育和职业培训对竞争力的作用”，经济基础决定上层建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C选项crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Sheis（）tothecostuntiltragedyaltersherlifeandthelivesofthosearoundher.

问题1选项

A.ignorant

B.oblivious

C.unaware

D.unmindful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”；B选项oblivious“健忘的，不注意的”；C选项unaware“未察觉的”；D选项unmindful“漫不经心的”。句意：直到悲剧改变了她和周围人的生活，她才意识到代价的存在。能和介词to搭配的只有B选项，beobliviousto是固定搭配，意为“不在意的；不以为意的”，所以选项B正确。

10.填空题

deed

continue

keep

consistent

evade

greet

barrier

when

collaborative

share

earn

belief

partourselves

but

Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.

Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct（13）toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto（14）payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand（15）actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.

【答案】1.ourselves

2.keep

3.collaborative

4.belief

5.earned

6.part

7.deed

8.greets

9.barriers

10.but

11.share

12.when

13.hascontinued

14.evade

15.consistent

【解析】1.上下文理解。根据空格前“Weprovideverypersonaldata…”，我们提供非常私人的信息，可判断出这些信息是与我们自己相关的。所以单词“ourselves我们自己”符合文意。

2.上下文理解。上文提到我们把一些非常私人的信息给一些公司，所以是相信这些公司会使数据保持安全可靠。单词“keep保持”符合文意。

3.上下文理解。根据空格后“…andtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.”，可知我们相信我们的同事会尽心尽力地工作，这是基于上文提到的各团队的互相协作。单词“collaborative协作的”符合文意。

4.上下文理解。根据空格后文“…thepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.”，我们与之打交道的企业和个人都是值得信赖的，可知上文要表达的意思为“几乎每次我们和别人交流时，都要带着一定的信任。”单词“belief信任”符合文意。

5.上下文理解。根据空格后文“…throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.”，可知信任是通过努力工作和行动而不是仅仅凭好意而获得的。单词“earned赢得，获得”符合文意。

6.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe…oftheveryDNAofacompany.”，可知证明自己具有可信度是一家公司基因的必须部分。单词“part部分”符合文意。

7.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby…,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront”，可知可信赖度不仅仅通过言词来证明，还是通过董事会、管理团队和店面等的实际行动来证明的。单词“deed行动”符合文意。

8.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“…andthepersonwho…staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.”，可知这里指的是当员工和顾客走过门时欢迎他们的人。单词“greet”符合文意。根据先行词person为第三人称单数形式，故应填入“greets欢迎”。

9.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Oneofthebiggest…tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.”，可知保密和掩盖是建立信任度最大的障碍之一。单词“barrier”符合文意，又因为障碍不止一个，故填入复数形式“barriers障碍”。

10.上下文理解。空格前“Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness…”，毫无疑问，在商业中有些事情必须保密……空格后继续提到有一些方法可以让公司在不泄露机密信息的情况下清楚地说出自己的做法。前后构成转折关系。单词“but但是”符合题意。

11.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto…atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.”，可知如果你想要人们信任你或者你的公司，你必须至少愿意分享一些你做决定的信息。单词“share分享”符合文意。

12.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Transparencyisparticularlyimportant…thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.”，可知当需要重新建立起信任的时候，透明度显得尤其重要。单词“when当……时候”符合文意。

13.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct…toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.”，可知银行业最近就即将进行的改革发表了重要声明，但他们持续实施的行为违背了他们的承诺。单词“continue继续，持续”符合文意，又根据上文“hasrecentlymade”可判断这里要用现在完成时态，故填入“hascontinued”。

14.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto…payingtax.”，可知最近，我们看到这家银行因涉嫌帮助客户逃税而登上新闻头条。单词“evade逃避，逃脱”符合文意。

15.上下文理解。根据空格前后文“Peopleneedtoseerealand…actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficence…”人们需要看到真实并且始终如一的行动并且知道是谁该为一些罪行负责。单词“consistent始终如一的”符合文意。

11.不定项选择题

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“Allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

问题1选项

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

问题2选项

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

问题3选项

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

问题4选项

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

问题5选项

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:本题考查了考生对作者意图的把握。定位到第一段，EdmundBurke这句话的意思是“好人的不作为就是一个错误的观点想要盛行所需要的所有条件”，可以看出这是在讽刺好人不去做出应有的行为，再紧接着后文也提到“现在有一个组织他们呼吁不要用动物来做实验，动物也有自己的权利，而科学家必须采取行动来回复这些人”，可以得出，作者的目的是呼吁科学家们行动起来，因此答案为A。

第2题:本题是细节推断题。题干中说“tendtothink”提示我们答案可能在文中没有直接体现，需要我们结合原文进行推理，推理出这些被误导的人们对于动物实验是何种态度，题干关键词就是“misledpeople”，可以帮我们定位到第一段，最后一句说“当人们听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段是一个具体的被误导的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是说她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句非常关键：“对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。从以上的分析可以看出，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，B最符合原文。A中虽然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不对，因为被误导的人们不可能认为那是普通的事情。C说的是“不可避免的，但是邪恶的”，也不正确，因为文章中没有提到不可避免这个说法。D项说的是“毫无意义，浪费的”，文中没有提到毫无意义这个意思。

第3题:这也是一道作者意图题，例子说的是一位老太太向大家发传单，呼吁大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当她被问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太太说，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句话感叹“这些好心人压根儿就不明白”，所以答案为B。A说的是公众对动物试验的不满。但是，老太太的例子不仅是为了说明这一点，这个例子反映的不仅是他们的不满，更多的要透过现象看本质，全文来看，作者的目的是为了指出公众不满的根源——对医学研究不了解，然后号召科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。因此老太太的例子是为了反映公众的无知。

第4题:这里考查的是作者的态度题，解答这类问题时，考生需要代入作者的思维，从全文把握作者的感情色彩，作者对这个事件的看法，然后根据题干关键词去定位具体细节处。本题关键词“challengefromanimalrightsadvocates”以及“sientitsshould”，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。答案很明显是A。选项B、C以及D貌似合理，其实文中都没有提到。

第5题:这是一道细节推断题。题干问我们StephenCooper是一个什么身份的人，我们根据人名定位到最后一段，我们可以找到线索“Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,…courageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.”，这句话告诉我们Cooper是个名人，同时也曾经生病过，他是高度赞扬过动物研究的，因此，我们可以得出他是动物研究的支持者。答案为D。

12.单选题

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

问题1选项

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onview“在展出，陈列着”；B选项ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项onthescene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项insight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语somedistantmountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。

13.单选题

Thehotel（

）only$50foradoubleroomintheslackseason.

问题1选项

A.claims

B.prices

C.charges

D.demands

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。

考查固定搭配。chargefor索价,要价。

14.单选题

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

问题1选项

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

问题2选项

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

问题3选项

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

问题4选项

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

问题5选项

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusio