考研考博-英语-哈尔滨城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Bankingisaboutmoney;andnootherfamiliarcommodityarousessuchexcessesofpassionanddislike.Noristhereanyotheraboutwhichmorenonsenseistalked.Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences.Indeedmostsocialsciencesand,forexample,medicinecouldprobablybedescribedinthesameway.

However,itiscommontohearassertionsofthekind“ifyouwereleftaloneonadesertislandafewseedpotatoeswouldbemoreusetoyouthanamillionpounds”asthoughthisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves.Moneyinfactisatoken,orsymbolicobject,exchangeableondemandbyitsholdersforgoodsandservices.Itsuseforthesepurposesisuniversalexceptwithinasmallnumberofprimitiveagriculturalcommunities.

Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings.Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother.Totakerandomexamples:thepriceofhouse-buildinghasoverthepastfiveyearsrisenagooddealfasterthanthatofdomesticapplianceslikerefrigerators,butslowerthanthatofmotorinsuranceorFrenchImpressionistpaintings.Thisfacthascompleximplicationsforstudentsoftheindustry,tradeunionism,townplanning,insurancecompanies,fineartsuctions,andpolitics.Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent.

Ingeneral,inmodernindustrializedsocieties,pricesofservicesorgoodsproducedinacontextrequiringahighservice-content(e.g.amealinarestaurant)arescale.Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall.Thediscomfortthistruthcauseshasbeenanimportantsourceoftensioninwesternpoliticallifeformanyyearsandislikelytoremainsoformanymore.

1.Accordingtothepassageeconomicsis（

）.

2.Inthewriter’sview,theassertionthatmoneywouldbeuselessonadesertinland（

）.

3.Modernsocietiescontrolsupplyanddemand（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhateconomicsisconcernedwith（

）.

5.Indevelopedeconomies,serviceindustries（

）.

问题1选项

A.similartoothersocialsciencesbecausealotofnonsenseistalkedaboutit

B.differentfromsocialscienceswhichtrytoforecastthewaypeoplebehave

C.similartoothersocialsciencesbecauseitcanforetellthetomorrow

D.differentfromsciencessuchasmedicine

问题2选项

A.illustratesonelimitationtotheimportanceofmoney

B.isonlyofimportancetopeoplestrandedinsuchplaces

C.provesthattherearemanysituationsinwhichmoneyisirrelevant

D.tellsusnothingofsignificanceaboutmoneyinacertainsituation

问题3选项

A.bydirectinterventioninthepricingofgoodsandservices

B.bymeansofmoneyandthepricemechanism

C.bykeepingawatchfuleyeonrelativepricechanges

D.byfixingpricesinspecificindustries

问题4选项

A.explainingtobankersthepricechanges

B.understandingtheeffectofrelativepricechanges

C.tryingtounderstandwhysomepricesrisefast

D.thesamefinancialconsiderationsasbanking

问题5选项

A.tendtoemployanincreasingnumberofpeople

B.employmorepeoplethanmanufacturingindustriesdo

C.causeproblemsforthewhitecollarunions

D.trytoreducetheiremployeestocombatrisingcosts

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences从这句可知经济学在试图预测人们的行为模式及其后果方面与其他科学存在共同点，但是在其他方面则不一样。选项D“与其他科学不同，比如医学”。

2.文章第二段thisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves提到这似乎证明了金钱的一个要义，但却无法说明一个不容否认的事实，那就是极少有人会陷身于这种金钱无用的境地。选项D符合题意，“金钱在特定的条件下是没有用的”。

3.文章第三段第一句Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings提到金钱和价格机制，即用金钱形式的价格变化来表现不同商品和服务，是所有现代社会用以调节这些东西供需的方式，选项B“通过金钱和价格机制”符合题意。

4.文章第三段第二句Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother提到不同商品或服务价格上的相应变化尤其重要；第三段最后一句话Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent提到揭开这些含意就是经济学要做的，但是这些含意对银行家来说又很不一样。由这两处可以得知经济学主要是了解相对价格变化的含意。选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall提到高度发达国家的一个特点就是服务行业的就业人数在增长，而制造业的工人数量在减少。选项A符合题意。

2.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.

57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.

58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

59.扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期战略方针和基本立足点，也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。(5points)

60.近年来我国收入差距不断扩大已成为不争的事实，收入分配的公平问题越来越受到公众的高度关注。(5points)

61.实现义务教育均衡发展已经成为社会共识，但是，我国目前财政教育经费投入不足，教育资源分配结构也不合理，地区教育公共服务的提供依然存在较大的差异。(6points)

62.文化是某一特定人群所有传统、习俗、信仰和各种生活方式的总和。(4points)

【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese

56.一旦生态环境遭到破坏，整个国家，尤其是穷人将来的生存将会受到极大的损害，而且一旦生态恶化超过一定限度，那么一代人，甚至几十代人要想重新修复环境都极为困难。尽管保护环境一直是中国政府制定的一项基本国策，然而一个不可否认的事实是，总的来说，改善环境的种种努力很大程度上未能抵抗破坏环境的力量。

57.它基于以下观点：哲学的确是一门有趣的学科，不仅专家和有的具有天赋的本科生可以理解哲学，人人都可理解。不论是否上过哲学课，每个人都是哲学家。区别在于：系统学习过哲学的人具有这样的优势，他们遇到的论点要比以其他方式遇到的论点更有说服力、种类更多。该书的特点是：它使初学者有机会直接接触选自重要哲学著作并有实质内容的读物，但并不过分地要求学生必须通读这些很难读懂的书籍。

58.尽管大国不愿意销毁大规模杀伤性武器的心理不一定导致冲突，但尖端武器的使用会给人类健康带来灾难。如果适者生存（或优胜劣汰）这观念仍使用于国际社会，那么人类的文明就很可能遭到毁灭。我们不禁要问世界需要多少年才能彻底消灭战争。

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.

60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythepublic.

61.Ithasbecomeasocialconsensustorealizethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation.However,becausenationalexpenditureoneducationisinsufficient,andthedistributionstructureofeducationresourcesisunreasonable,therearestillgreatdifferencesintheprovisionofeducationalpublicservicesindifferentregions.

62.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.

3.单选题

Afterawholeday’sheavywork，theoldworkerreturnedhome,（

）.

问题1选项

A.hungryandfeltexhausting

B.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

D.hungryandexhausted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词作状语。题干的主语是theoldworker,空格处填两个形容词来修饰主语。根据前一句“在一天的劳累工作之后”可知这个老工人是饥饿并且疲惫的。exhausting使筋疲力尽的；exhausted疲惫的。故D项正确。句意：在经历一天的劳累工作后，这个老工人带着饥饿和疲惫回家了。

4.单选题

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

问题1选项

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。takeon意为“承担，接受，雇用”；takeup意为“开始从事”；takeout意为“取出，除去”；takeover意为“接收，接管”。

句意：他的衬衫工厂发展很快，以至于他必须雇佣更多的工人。

5.单选题

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。第一句是虚拟过去时IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=过去时)，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，关键是now，表示现在，时态发生改变。变为错综虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情调整。句意：如果美国在1995年为穷人建造更多的住房，现在美国一些地区的住房问题就不会那么严重。本句表示如果以前怎样，那现在的问题就不会那么严重，主句时态用情态动词+现在时。因此A选项正确。

6.翻译题

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(1)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(2)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.

(3)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spaper.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(4)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

Boilingdownanindividual'soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(5)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.

【答案】1.【参考译文】医学期刊中由有多类似的无稽之谈，这些说法一旦被广播公司和新闻媒体报道，就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。

2.【参考译文】如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。

3.【参考译文】人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势，例如，将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中。

4.【参考译文】如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己的观点，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。

5.【参考译文】如果我们确实要保证我们的科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学的进步。

7.翻译题

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

宇宙间繁星密布，人们以为这之中有一些如我们的太阳一样为行星环绕，而在这些行星上可能存在有智能的生物，或许他们比我们更先进。所以有可能在百万年左右某些生物乘坐自己的飞船穿越太空时，会发现我们的某艘“旅行者(Voyager)”号飞船。星球之间的距离十分遥远，这样的一次相聚可能性极小，但这并不是完全不可能的。科学家希望有机会和我们遥远的邻居传递信息，让他们知道我们这个蓝色的星球曾经是相当聪明的、多少有点文明的人类的家园。

【答案】Amongthestarswhichdottheuniverse,peoplethinkthattherearesomestarsencircledbyplanetslikeoursunandintelligentcreaturesmayliveontheseplanets,maybetheyaremoreadvancedthanus.Soitispossiblethatwhensomecreaturestaketheirownspacecraftthroughspaceaboutonemillionyearslater,theywillfindoneofour“Voyager”spacecraft.Thedistancebetweenplanetsissofarawaythatthechanceofsuchameetingisverysmall,butthisisnotentirelyimpossible.Scientistshopetohavetheopportunitytopassinformationtoourdistantneighbors,lettingthemknowourblueplanetusedtobethehomelandofhumanbeingwhoisveryintelligentandsomewhatcivilized.

8.翻译题

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政党，中国共产党，是开创性的党，是全心全意致力于为人民服务的党。然而，如果中国共产党未能履行其承诺，也有可能侵蚀党执政的基石。

4.南宁华润万家城是目前广西最大一站式购物中心，拥有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千个国际国内知名品牌以及各国特色餐饮等休闲消费购物娱乐设施。

5.我的最大爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者还使用了“云计算”服务，因为它具有很强的处理能力，而且价格低廉。他们常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交网站，那里大多数的用户使用自己真实的名字和照片。

2.这一代的年轻人将婚姻视作灵魂上的伴侣和名正言顺的生儿育女，至少，他（她）们认为两者同等重要。因此，异性有权利结婚，而同性却不能够，年轻人对此种想法表示无法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

9.单选题

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

问题1选项

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项splinter“碎片”；B选项index“指数”；C选项axis“轴线”；D选项trace“痕迹”。句意：金星和地球一样，绕着太阳公转，也绕着自己的轴心自转。本句表示自转轴。因此C选项正确。

10.翻译题

Thehistoryofecologicalchangeisstillsoelementarythatweknowlittleaboutwhatreallyhappened,orwhattheresultswere.ThedestructionoftheEuropeanaurochsaslateas1627wouldseemtohavebeenasimplecaseofoverenthusiastichunting.Onmorecomplexmattersitoftenisimpossibletofindsolidinformation.ForathousandyearsormoretheFrisiansandNetherlandershavebeenpushingbacktheNorthSea,andtheprocessisculminatinginourowntimeinthereclamationoftheZuiderZee.What,ifany,speciesofanimals,birds,fish,shorelife,orplantshavediedoutintheprocess?IntheirheroiccombatwiththeseahavetheNetherlandersoverlookedecologicalvaluesinsuchawaythatthequalityofhumanlifeintheNetherlandshassuffered?Icannotdiscoverthatthequestionshaveeverbeenasked,muchlessanswered.

(1)People,then,haveoftenbeenadynamicelementintheirownenvironment,butinthepresentstateofhistoricalscholarshipweusuallydoknowexactlywhen,where,orwithwhateffectsman-inducedchangescame.Asweenterthelastthirdofthe20thcentury,howeverfortheproblemofecologicalbacklashismountingfeverishly.Naturalscience,conceivedastheefforttounderstandthenatureofthings,hadflourishedinseveralerasandamongseveralpeoples.Similarlytherehadbeenanage-oldaccumulationoftechnologicalskills,sometimesgrowingrapidly,sometimesslowly.ButitwasnotuntilaboutfourgenerationsagothatWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaarrangedamarriagebetweenscienceandtechnology,aunionofthetheoreticalandtheempiricalapproachestoournaturalenvironment.TheemergenceinwidespreadpracticeoftheBaconianbeliefthatscientificknowledgemeanstechnologicalpowerovernaturecanscarcelybedatedbeforeabout1850,saveinthechemicalindustries,whereitisanticipatedinthe18thcentury.(2)Itsacceptanceasanormalpatternofactionmaymarkthegreatesteventinhumanhistorysincetheinventionofagriculture,andperhapsinnonhumanearthhistoryaswell.

【答案】1.因此，人们在他们自己的环境中常常是一个动态的因素，但在目前的历史学术状态下，我们通常确实知道人为的变化在何时、何地或以何种影响出现。

2.它被接受为一种正常的行为模式，可能标志着自农业发明以来人类历史上最重大的事件，也许在非人类的地球历史上也是如此。

11.单选题

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

问题1选项

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

问题2选项

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

问题3选项

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

问题4选项

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

问题5选项

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。

3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe（）powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem（）thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.

问题1选项

A.dominant...bearthesightof

B.disproportionate...settheirsightson

C.uncannylosesightof

D.inherent...catchsightof

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占优势的，支配的”；没有搭配bearthesightof，选项A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；setone'ssighton“以为目标”；uncanny“神秘的，离奇的”；losesightof“忽视，不看”；inherent“固有的，内在的”；catchsightof“看见”。句意：种族不应该成为改进进程的唯一标准，因为它有一种内在的力量减弱主体意识，并且使他们看到来自不同群体的成员。选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese

Deathisasubjectthatisevaded,ignored,anddeniedbyouryouth-worshiping,process-orient.edsociety.Itisalmostaswehavetakenondeathasjustanotherdiseasetobeconquered.Butthefactisthatdeathisinevitable.Wewillalldie;itisonlyamatteroftime.Deathisasmuchapartofhumanexistence,ofhumangrowthanddevelopment,asbeingborn.Itisoneofthefewthingsinlifewecancounton,thatwecanbeassuredwilloccur.Deathisnotanenemytobeconqueredoraprisontobeescaped.Itisanintegralpartofourlivesthatgivesmeaningtohumanexistence.Itsetsalimitonourtimeinthislife,urgingustodosomethingproductivewiththattimeaslongasitisourstouse.

【答案】在一个崇尚年轻和发展的进步的社会里，死亡是一个被逃避、忽略和否认的话题。就像我们把死亡当作另一种需要征服的疾病一样。但事实是死亡是不可避免的。我们都会死去，这只是时间问题。死亡和出生一样，是人类生存、成长和发展的一部分。它是我们生活中可以确定将会发生的为数不多的几件事之一。死亡不是要征服的敌人，也不是要逃跑的监狱。它是我们生活中不可分割的一部分，赋予了人类生存的意义。

它限制了我们这一生的时间，敦促我们利用这段时间做一些富有成效的事情，只要它是我们可以使用的。

14.单选题

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

问题1选项

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。assumption“假设”;supposition“推测”;ideology“意识形态，思想体系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：历史学家有一个基本的思想体系，也就是从过去的错误中汲取教训。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

问题1选项

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】时态错误。hadmovedto改为havemovedto。“Ialreadyfeel我已经感觉”是一般现在时态，因此，前一个表示原因的分句应该用现在完成时态。

16.单选题

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最担心的是:不允许小孩去看望医院的妈妈。

语法题。考查动名词的否定。was是系动词，故后面需要用名词性的词充当表语。动名词的否定形式为:not+动名词。因此排除C和D。由于allow与逻辑主语child形成被动关系，即使用被动语态。因此选B项。

17.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaorthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhichbycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesortheso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,imitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilyhisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movetoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdb