考研考博-英语-扬州大学广陵学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-扬州大学广陵学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heisquitesurethatit’s（）impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.

问题1选项

A.absolutely

B.exclusively

C.fully

D.roughly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。absolutely“绝对地，完全地（语气上非常肯定，侧重表示程度）”；exclusively“唯一地，专有地，排外地”；fully“充分地，完全地（侧重表示数量）”；roughly“粗糙地，粗略地”。句意：他非常确定在两天被完成这项任务是完全不可能的。A项符合题意。

2.单选题

Almostasa（）totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.

问题1选项

A.corollary

B.outcome

C.consequence

D.results

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。

3.单选题

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

问题1选项

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到天黑，她才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一……就”；A选项nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒装；B选项hardly…when“”和C选项scarcely…when是固定搭配。D选项itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正确。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Hecouldn'tlieconvincinglyenoughtotakeachild（）.

问题1选项

A.away

B.down

C.in

D.up

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组搭配。takeaway带走；takedown取下,记下；takein欺骗；takeup从事。句意:他说的谎话不足以欺骗孩子（他骗不了一个孩子）。

5.单选题

Asalawyer（

）forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.

问题1选项

A.noticeable

B.notorious

C.nasty

D.notable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项noticeable“显而易见的，明显的”；B选项notorious“臭名昭著的”；C选项nasty“令人厌恶的，肮脏的”；D选项notable“著名的，显著的，值得注意的”。由goodjudgmentandeloquence（良好的判断力和口才）可知空格处为一个褒义词，再根据句意可知选D。句意：作为一名以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，并结识来自各界的杰出人士。

6.单选题

Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon'tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?

ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.

HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:

Betterhiringpractices

Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,”saysPedroDomingo,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowthequestfortheUltimatelearningMachineWillReambeOurWorldandacomputerscience1.（

）Onecompanythat'sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.

Moreeffectivemarketing

SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.2.（

）Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.

Savingcustomersmoney

EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironmentCompaniescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,3.（

）

Improvedaccuracy

“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatisticswhichmakesdatamorevaluable,“saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”4.（

）

Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure

Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingo's.“5."（

）.”

问题1选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题2选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题3选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题4选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

问题5选项

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

【答案】第1题:G

第2题:C

第3题:E

第4题:B

第5题:D

7.单选题

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper（）itclosely.

问题1选项

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，本题的正确答案是B选项。copperfollowingitclosely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介词短语inhand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以bookinhand为独立主格结构。）。句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

8.单选题

Manyimportantmistakeshavebeenescaping（）,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlostasaresult.

问题1选项

A.detection

B.commission

C.compensation

D.precaution

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。detection察觉，发觉；commission委任，佣金；compensation补偿，报酬；precaution预防，警惕。错误应该是被发现，选项A符合句意。句意：许多重要的错误都没有被发觉，因此损失了很多钱。

9.单选题

Thepolicechargedthemanwiththe（）ofthewatch.

问题1选项

A.steal

B.theft

C.thief

D.thesis

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项steal“偷窃”，动词；B选项theft“偷，盗窃”，名词；C选项thief“小偷，窃贼”；D选项thesis“论文；论点”。句意：警察控告这名男子……了手表。本句的主语是Thepolice“警察”，谓语charged“控告”，宾语theman“这个男人”，with接宾语补足语。句中已经有了谓语动词，空格内应填入偷窃的名词。chargesb.withsth.“控告某人某事”，因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B选项“可食用的”；C选项“惊人的，大量的”；D选项“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）强调考试是目前学校中最糟糕的竞争形式。而本题空格处讲的应该是过多地强调考试，因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe（1）clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot（2）withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws（3）animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves（4）runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen（5）tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere（6）withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot（7）byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch（8）thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad（9）efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor（10）theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange（11）theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar（12）hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas（13）anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so（14）theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot（15）.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men（16）theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas（17）ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.（18）theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame（19）tothenew,unstablepositionthat（20）themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

问题1选项

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

问题2选项

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

问题3选项

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

问题4选项

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

问题5选项

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

问题6选项

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

问题7选项

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

问题8选项

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

问题9选项

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

问题10选项

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

问题11选项

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

问题12选项

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

问题13选项

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

问题14选项

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

问题15选项

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

问题16选项

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

问题17选项

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

问题18选项

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

问题19选项

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

问题20选项

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查前后逻辑。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”，两个词接后面接类似的词，neither后面接的是powerful，所以nor后面应该接四个选项里的strong。选项C符合题意。

（2）考查动词词义辨析。match“使匹配，使相称”；compare“比较”；rival“与······竞争”；equal“等于，比得上”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们比不上狗熊，狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能够提供很好的武器。选项A符合题意。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。become“成为”；equip“装备；配备”；pose“摆姿势”；provide“提供”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第32题，选项D符合题意。

（4）考查介词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们甚至不能像马和斑马那样通过奔跑来保护自己。by“通过”，符合题意。

（5）考查动词词组辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”；bedoomedtosth.“注定”；beforcedto“被迫”；leadto“导致”。空格处所在句子的句意是：如果一个类人猿试图在野外与其他动物搏斗，他们注定失败并且灭绝。选项B符合题意。

（6）考查动词词义辨析。bestow“赠给”，常与on或upon搭配；give“给”，常与to搭配；present“赠予”，常与with搭配；endow“天生具有，赋予”，一般用被动式与with搭配。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们天生拥有其他任何竞争对手所不具有的某种巨大的隐蔽的优势。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“摆姿势”；oppose“反对”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第36题。选项B符合题意。

（8）考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配，“在寻找······的过程中”。选项B符合题意。

（9）考查动词词义辨析。generate“生成，产生”；progress“进展，进步”；develop“形成，获得”；advance“前进，发展”。空格处所在句子的大意是在生存竞争中类人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地动物不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨色能力。选项C符合题意。

（10）考查定语从句。先行词是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor，先行词有两个，所以只能用that。选项D符合题意。

（11）考查动词词义辨析。urge“催促”；permit“允许”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”。空格处前面theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能够近距离看到目标的能力”这个能力为它们研究实际问题提供条件，即“允许”它们去研究实际问题。选项B符合题意。

（12）考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范围之外”。选项C符合题意。

（13）考查副词词义辨析。quite是程度副词，可以用在限定词another前面，而另外三个副词则不可以。选项B符合题意。

（14）考查从句引导词。本句是由so引导的一个从句，句子缺少一个引导词，该引导词充当theyhadtodo的宾语，all符合题意。

（15）考查形容词词义辨析。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足够的”；sufficient“充足的”；convenient意为“方便的”。空格处句子所在的句意是：然而，在空旷的野外，这种方法是行不通的。选项A符合题意。

（16）考查动词词义辨析。choose“选择，挑选”；adopt“采用；采纳”；accept“接受”；take“实施；采取”。空格处所在句子的句意是：类人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。选项B符合题意。

（17）考查形容词词义辨析。valuable“有价值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able“能够的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的后肢尽可能高地抬起，开始直立行走。选项C符合题意。

（18）考查前后逻辑。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；subsequently“随后”。空格处所在句子与前面的句子提到直立行走使得类人猿站不稳，并且跟其他动物相比本来速度就慢了，现在变得更慢了（Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill）。空格处后面提到类人猿继续坚持并且使得骨头结构开始逐渐变化，可以看出前后存在转折关系，所以however符合题意。

（19）考查形容词词义辨析。besuitedtosth.“适合······的”；beaccustomedto“习惯于”；befamiliarizedwith“与······相熟”；adapttosth.“适应”。空格处所在句子的句意是：它们的骨骼渐渐适应了这种新的行走方式。选项C符合题意。

（20）考查动词词义辨析。obtain“获得”；call“叫”；deserve“值得”；earn“赚得，赢得”。空格处所在句子提到由于类人猿的骨骼逐渐适应了直立行走，因此赢得了“直立人”的称号。选项D符合题意。

12.翻译题

1.WashingtonIrvinggraspedthisfactnearlyahundredyearsagowhenhewrote:"ThestrangerwhowouldformacorrectopinionofEnglishcharactermustgoforthintothecountry.Hemustsojourninvillagesandhamlets;hemustvisitcastles,villas,farmhouses,cottages;hemustwanderthroughparksandgardens,alonghedgesandgreenlanes;hemustloiteraboutcountrychurches,attendwakesandfairsandotherruralfestivals,andcopewiththepeopleinalltheirconditionsandalltheirhabitsandhumors.''

2.Theimpactofdecentralizationtrends,ofcourse,extendswellbeyondcities.SprawlingdevelopmentpatternsaredestabilizingmanyofthesuburbsthatsurroundAmerica'scities.Oldersuburbsareexperiencingthesamechallengesascities:failingschools,persistentcrime,andthelossofjobsandbusinessestoother,furtheroutsuburbs.Evensuburbanareasthataredevelopingrapidlyarefindingthatexplosivegrowthhasitsdrawbacks,especiallyintheformofovercrowdedschools,butalsoinlongcommutesandtheinabilityoflocalgovernmentstopayfornewroads,sewers,andotherinfrastructure.

【答案】1.华盛顿·欧文远在一百年前就把握住了这一事实。他写道："外地人若要对英国人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必须到乡村去。他应该在乡村小住数日，参观城堡、别墅、农场房屋及村民居住的农舍，逛逛公园、花园，沿着矮树丛及林荫小路溜达；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下时光，参加纪念守护神节日的活动，看看集市，与村民同庆他们的节日，与不同场合的人打交道，了解他们的习惯并欣赏他们的幽默。"

2.当然，分散化趋势的影响远远超出了城市范围。无序扩张的发展格局破坏着全关各城市周围许多郊区的稳定。年代较久的郊区经受着和市区同样的挑战：学校教育质量每况愈下、犯罪屡禁不止、就业和商业机会流失到其他更远的郊区。即使是发展迅速的郊区也出现了爆炸式增长的弊端，尤其体现在以下几个方面：学校过度拥挤,上下班交通耗时长，当地政府无力出资建造新的道路、下水道和其他基础设施。

13.单选题

Climaticchangeshaveoccurredatintervalsthroughoutthemillennium.

问题1选项

A.increased

B.existed

C.happened

D.devastated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项increased“增加”；B选项existed“存在”；C选项happened“发生”；D选项devastated“毁坏”。句意：气候变化在整个千年中是断断续续发生的。划线部分occurred是发生的意思。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

The（

）ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.

问题1选项

A.roar

B.exclamation

C.whistle

D.scream

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。roar咆哮，轰鸣；exclamation感叹，惊叫；whistle呼啸声；scream尖叫声。

句意：飞机引擎的轰鸣声宣布空袭即将来临。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Thereportmentionedthatsomeimportantpeoplehadattendedtheclosing（）.

问题1选项

A.surgeon

B.suspicion

C.ceremony

D.target

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。surgeon外科；suspicion怀疑；ceremony仪式；target目标。句意：这篇报道提到一些重量级人物参加了此次闭幕式。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.Weknowthatoverthepastmillenniatheclimatehasundergonemajorchangeswithoutanysignificanthumanintervention.Wealsoknowthattheglobalclimatesystemisimmenselycomplicatedandthateverythingisinsomewayconnected,andsothesystemiscapableoffluctuatinginunexpectedways.Weneedthereforetoknowhowmuchtheclimatecanvaryofitsownaccordinordertointerpretwithconfidencetheextenttowhichrecentchangesarenaturalasopposedtobeingtheresultofhumanactivities.

Instrumentalrecordsdonotgobackfarenoughtoprovideuswithreliablemeasurementsofglobalclimaticvariabilityontimescaleslongerthanacentury.Whatwedoknowisthatasweincludelongertimeintervals,therecordshowsincreasingevidenceofslowswingsinclimatebetweendifferentregimes.Tobuildupabetterpictureoffluctuationsappreciablyfurtherbackintimerequiresustouseproxyrecords.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Generally,thelayeringoccursonanannualbasis,henceheobservedchangesintherecordscanbedated.Informationontemperature,rainfall,andotheraspectsoftheclimatethatcanbeinferredfromthesystematicchangesinpropertiesisusuallyreferredtoasproxydata.ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.Whiletheserecordsprovidebroadlyconsistentindicationsthattemperaturevariationscanoccuronaglobalscale,therearenonethelesssomeintriguingdifferences,whichsuggestthatthepatternoftemperaturevariationsinregionalclimatescanalsodiffersignificantlyfromeachother.

Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).

Totheextentthatthecoverageoftheglobalclimatefromtheserecordscanprovideameasureofitstruevariability,itshouldatleastindicatehowallthenaturalcausesofclimatechangehavecombined.Theseincludethechaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere,theslowerbutequallyerraticbehavioroftheoceans,changesinthelandsurfaces,andtheextentoficeandsnow.Alsoincludedwillbeanyvariationsthathavearisenfromvolcanicactivity,solaractivity,and,possibly,humanactivities.

1.Whichofthefollowingmustwefindoutinordertodeterminetheimpactofhumanactivitiesuponclimate?

2.Scientistsareabletoreconstructproxytemperaturerecordsby（

）.

3.ProxydatahavesuggestedallofthefollowingabouttheclimateEXCEPT:

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘erratic”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Themajorchangesinclimateoverthepastmillennia.

B.Thedegreetowhichtheclimatevariesnaturally.

C.Thebestmethodformeasuringclimaticchange.

D.Themillenniumwhenhumansbegantointerferewiththeclimate.

问题2选项

A.studyingregionaldifferencesintemperaturevariations.

B.studyinganddatingchangesinthepropertiesofsubstances.

C.observingchangesinpresentdayclimateconditions.

D.inferringpastclimateshiftsfromobservationsofcurrentclimaticchanges.

问题3选项

A.Regionalclimatesmaychangeovertime.

B.Theclimatehaschangedverylittleinthepast10,000years.

C.Globaltemperaturesvarymorethanregionaltemperatures.

D.Importantnaturalchangesinclimatehaveoccurredoverlargetimescales.

问题4选项

A.dramatic

B.important

C.unpredictable.

D.common

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘为了确定人类活动对气候的影响，我们必须找出以下哪一项？根据文章第一段中“Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.要判断当前的气候事件是否揭示了人类活动影响的证据，最困难的一个方面是很难衡量是什么构成了气候的自然变化。”，确定判断人类对气候的影响之前必须确定自然的影响，所以B选项“气候自然变化的程度”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘科学家能通过什么重建替代温度记录？’根据文章第三段中第三句“ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.从格陵兰岛中部冰冠钻出的冰芯、嵌在西欧分层湖泊沉积物中的方解石壳、热带大西洋洋底沉积物的冰芯、秘鲁冰川的冰芯和南极洲东部的冰芯重建了代理温度记录。”。原文谈及很多重建温度的方法，无论是冰川，沉积物还是碳酸盐，都属“substance物质”，所以B选项“研究和测定物质性质的变化”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘代理数据表明了如下所有关于气候的内容，除了……？’根据第四段第一句“Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.代理记录充分表明，在超过几千年的时间跨度内，气候发生了重大的自然变化。”可排除A选项‘随着时间的推移，地区气候可能会发生变化’和D选项‘气候的重要自然变化是在大的时间尺度上发生的’。根据第二句“Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).然而，同样令人惊讶的是在过去的一万年（全新世）中气候变化的相对来说很稳定。”可排除B选项‘在过去的一万年里，气候变化非常小。’因此，C项‘全球气温的变化比地区气温的变化更大’在文中没有体现，符合题意。

4.词义猜测题。题目提问‘第五段中"erratic”最接近什么意思？’根据上下文，“erratic行为古怪，反复无常”与前文中“chaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere变化多端的大气波动”的“chaotic混沌的；一团糟的”相对应，因此，C选项“无法预言的；不可预测”符合语境。

17.单选题

I’m（）ongoingtothatflowershow.IbelievetherearesomespecimensofCarationthatI’minterestedin.

问题1选项

A.keen

B.acute

C.shrewd

D.enthusiastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。bekeenondoingsth.表示“渴望;热切;热衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感兴趣的标本。结合句意，A为正确答案。

18.单选题

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpreindustrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Modemcomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s，butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojust50hoursbythestartofthe1930’s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworke