考研考博-英语-山东大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop______.

问题1选项

A.circle

B.rank

C.category

D.grade

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.circle圆圈B.rank（尤指较高的）地位，级别

C.category（人或事物的）类别，种类D.grade等级，品级

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词soldier和top可知，此处是指最高军衔的军人，而rank指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔，符合句意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A、C项不符合句意；

D项是指按照地位或优劣划分的等级，是比较宽泛的等级，放在句中不恰当。

【句意】他的脾气和个性表明他能成为一名有最高军衔的军人。

2.单选题

Nobodylikestakingexams;examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyou（1）somesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite（2）Itwon'texactlybefun,butitcertainlyshouldn'tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesorsleeplessnights.

Ifyouareplanningto（3）oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificate,youwillprobablyfindthatthere'sapreparationcourse（4）ataschoolnearyou.Checkthattheschoolhasagood（5）ofexamssuccessandthattheteacheris（6）.

Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand（7）yourwrittenwillbemarkedbyateacherwhoknowsthelevelofEnglish（8）bytheexam.

Ifyoutakeanexampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat（9）intheclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto（10）inalotofworkyourself(afterall,theteachercan'ttaketheexamforyou.

问题1选项

A.mind

B.walk

C.follow

D.keep

问题2选项

A.fascinating

B.painless

C.enjoyable

D.marvelous

问题3选项

A.have

B.prepare

C.participate

D.take

问题4选项

A.possible

B.available

C.offering

D.existing

问题5选项

A.management

B.foundation

C.expectation

D.record

问题6选项

A.experience

B.experiencing

C.experienced

D.experiences

问题7选项

A.how

B.that

C.what

D.whether

问题8选项

A.required

B.determined

C.corresponded

D.accorded

问题9选项

A.going

B.coming

C.being

D.getting

问题10选项

A.put

B.act

C.sit

D.give

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:A

【解析】（1）固定搭配。followsomesimplesteps遵循一些简单的步骤。

（2）形容词辨析。句意:如果遵循一些简单的步骤,参加英语考试就不那么了。fascinating迷人的。painless无痛的。enjoyable:令人享受的,令人愉快的。marvelous:了不起的，非凡的，令人惊异的。

（3）固定搭配。preparer后面跟for,participate后面跟in。而take可以作及物动词,后面接exams。

（4）形容词辨析。句意:可以在就近的学校学习到一些预备课程。possible可能的,合适的。available可得到的，可利用的。offering提供。existing目前的，现存的。因此B项符合句意。

（5）名词辨析。句意:要审核申请人平时在校的考试记录。management管理，操纵，管理人员。foundation基础，根据。expectation期待，预期。record档案，履历，记录。故选D。

（6）语法分析。句意:要审核申请人平时在校的考试记录，以及教师是否经验丰富。experience:n.经验，经历，体验。experiencing:experience的现在分词。experienced:富有经验的。experiences:n.经历，体验；experience的复数。空前为be动词is,因此空格处应为形容词。故选C。

（7）语义连接。ifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand：你是否有家庭作业以及…。and连接前后两个表示并列成分的句子，前面用了if,据此可以推出后面也需用类似的连词。

（8）语义连接。句意:老师知道考试需要/规定的英语水平。required:必需的，必修的。determined:坚决的。corresponded:correspond的过去分词，相符，符合。accorded:accord的过去分词，符合，一致。故选A。

（9）语法分析。beingintheclass:在课堂中。

（10）固定搭配。句意:但是你依然得投入很多到工作中。putin:倾注，投入（金钱，时间、努力等）。sitin:参加静坐示威。givein:屈服，让步，上交。act后面不接in。故选A。

3.单选题

GoingGreenAfterGray

VisantoMelina,R.D.,gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter."Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople."shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn'tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,"shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn'thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging—weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion—andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines.Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin."Thecrashfeltliketheflu,"shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu"disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts."Ididn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,"shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.WhatdoesVisantoMelinameanwhenshesaystheelderlycitizenswhoattendedherseminarwere"informed"onthesubjectofbetterhealth?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"…demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

3.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

4.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

5.Whyisthepassagetitled"GoingGreenAfterGray"?

问题1选项

A.Theyhadaclearunderstandingofthesubject.

B.Theywantedmoreinformationonthesubject.

C.Theywereinformedofthelatestresearchonthesubject.

D.Theywereextremelyknowledgeableaboutthelatestdevelopmentsonthesubject.

问题2选项

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhavedecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetarianismisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofolderpeople.

C.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

问题3选项

A.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

问题4选项

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

问题5选项

A.Peoplewhohavegrayhairliketoeatvegetables.

B.Avegetariandietisgoodforelderlypeople.

C.Olderpeopletendtobecomevegetarians.

D.Seniorsliketoattendseminarsonvegetarianism.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的最后两句"They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch."他们显然一直在关注新的研究。选项D符合原文。

2.根据文章第二段的内容可知,老年人口成为素食主义者的数量在不断增加,人口统计是素食主义者数量增加的推动力,因为老年人口的数量在日益增加。选项B正确。

3.根据文章第四段的二三句"ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,...itmadeherin."53岁的杂志编辑NancyRoberts跟其他人一样,在假期里吃了太多的美味佳肴。很不幸这次却让她病倒了。所以选项D正确。

4.根据文章第四段的最后两句"Bychance,Roberts...,andher"flu"disappeared."一次偶然的机会,Roberts被要求编辑一些素食食谱。她自己也在家做了一些,她的病也随之好了。所以,Nancy是因为在家吃了素食所以病好了,选项B符合原文。

5.本文主要讲越来越多的老年人开始成为素食主义者。根据文章内容可推断,Green指的是健康的生活方式;Gray则是指代的老年人群体。所以选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

4.单选题

ThemosteffectivewayIknowtoimproveyourwritingistodofreewritingexercisesregularly.Atleastthreetimesaweek.Theyaresometimescalled“automaticwriting”，“babbling”,or“jabbering”exercises.Theideaissimplytowritefortenminutes(lateron,perhapsfifteenortwenty).Don’tstopforanything.Goquicklywithoutrushing.Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething,towonderwhatwordorthoughttouse,ortothinkaboutwhatyouaredoing.Ifyoucan’tthinkofawordorspelling,justuseasquiggleorelsewrite,“Ican’tthinkofit.”Justputdownsomething.Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind.Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant;orrepeatthelastwordyouwroteoverandoveragain;oranythingelse.Theonlyrequirementisthatyouneverstop.

Whathappenstoafreewritingexerciseisimportant.Itmustbeapieceofwritingwhich,evenifsomeonereadsit,doesn’tsendanyripplesbacktoyou.Itislikewritingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.Theteacherlessclasshelpsyourwritingbyprovidingmaximumfeedback.Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall.WhenIassignone,Iinvitethewritertoletmereadit.Butalsotellhimtokeepitifheprefers.IreaditquicklyandmakenocommentsatallandIdonotspeakwithhimaboutit.Themainthingisthatafreewritingmustneverbeevaluatedinanyway;infacttheremustbenodiscussionorcommentatall.

Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting.Butthat’sitsdownfalltoo.Almosteverybodyinterposesamassiveandcomplicatedseriesofeditingsbetweenthetimethewordsstarttobebornintoconsciousnessandwhentheyfinallycomeoftheendofthepencilortypewriterontothepage.Thisispartlybecauseschoolingmakesusobsessedwiththe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisencouragedaboutfreewriting?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“getstuck”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcomparedwithspeaking,writing（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTageneralpracticeinfreewriting,accordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Topointouttheonlyeffectivewayofimprovingwriting.

B.Torevealthecrazyfeatureof“automaticwriting”.

C.Tourgereaderstotrytodofreewritingexercisesregularly.

D.Todescribetheprocessoffreewriting

问题2选项

A.Thinkingaboutspellingandgrammaraswetrytowrite.

B.Teachersaresupposedtoprovidefeedbackormakecommentsaboutapieceofwriting.

C.Crossoutthoseideasthatseemtobeambiguous.

D.Neverworryaboutthe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.

问题3选项

A.Unabletodoanymoreofsomethingthatyouareworkingonbecauseitistoodifficult

B.Fixedinaparticularpositionandimpossibletomove

C.Unabletoescapefromaboringsituation

D.Startdoingsomethingeagerlyandwithalotofenergy.

问题4选项

A.hastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting

B.functionsmoreasaconsciousprocessofcorrecting“mistake”

C.isjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind

D.makesmoresensethansimplyputtingdownwords

问题5选项

A.Writingdownwhateverisinyourmind.

B.Payingnoattentiontospelling,dictionorgrammarwhilewriting.

C.Writingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.

D.Ignoringallpossiblemistakeswhilewriting.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:作者意图题。文章首先介绍了自由写作，包括其注意事项以及方式和特征，在最后一段的开头也强调:Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense(自由写作也许看起来非常疯狂，但是这里面的道理很简单)。最后对比了学校的写作教育和自由写作，因此B项“揭示自由写作”比较符合文章的目的。

第2题:细节事实题。A:写作时思考拼写和语法。B:老师应该对一篇文章做出反馈或评论。C:把那些看起来模棱两可的想法去掉。D:永远不要担心写作时会“犯错”。第一段指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容，去划掉一部分，去思考单词该怎么拼写)，因此A项跟C项不是自由写作所鼓励的。由“Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall(自由写作通过不提供任何的反馈来达到帮助的目的)”可知B项也不是自由写作所鼓励的，故选D。

第3题:词义题。“getstuck”出现在第一段:Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant(如果你getstuck，你可以直接写我不知道该写什么”)。由此推断出文章中的getstuck指的是在写作过程中遇到困难，不知道该写什么内容以及不知道该怎么写，故答案选项为A。

第4题:细节事实题。Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting(思考一下说话和写作之间的区别。写作的优点是可以写下很多)，A项是对此句的同义转述，故选A。

第5题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind(最简单的就是把出现在脑海中的东西都写下来)，由此可知A是自由写作的训练方法之一。第一段还指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容，去划掉一些部分，去思考单词该怎么拼写)，最后一段指出:Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords(许多人在写作的时候都会频繁地去思考拼写和语法的问题。我在写东西的时候通常会去思考词不达意、冗长、模糊不清等方面的问题)。由此可知B和D属于自由写作的训练方法，而C项误解了文章中的比喻修辞手法，因此答案选C。

5.单选题

Thechild’shystericalcrying（）thedoctorfromcompletinghisexamination.

问题1选项

A.fostered

B.spurred

C.impeded

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。foster“培养，养育”；spur“激励，鞭策”；impede“阻碍”；sustain“维持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭声妨碍了医生完成检查。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项respectful“恭敬的”，指尊敬他人；B选项respective“分别的”，指各自分别的；C选项respected“受尊敬的”，指受到别人尊敬；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的”，指值得别人尊敬，有好名声。句意：在公共场所乱扔垃圾被认为是值得尊敬的。本句表示乱扔垃圾不值得别人尊敬。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

问题1选项

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项towed“拖，拉”；B选项pressed“按，压”；C选项tossed“抛，扬起”；D选项propelled“推进，推动”。句意：在老师的指导下，学生们正在制作一艘由蒸汽推动的模型船。本句表示推进船的动力，因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。

形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潜在的，可能的;sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。

9.单选题

Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis（

）otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.

问题1选项

A.dependenton

B.tantamountto

C.ancillaryto

D.distinctfrom

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。dependenton依赖于；ancillaryto从属的，附属的。tantamountto等的，相当于。distinctfrom与······不同。句意：历史学家曾经坚持科学是不同于其他事业的，然而，他们开始认识到科学是和价值观、社会假设，以及一个特定历史时期的智慧传统联系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格处与这个意思相反，故答案D。

10.单选题

Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”

“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”，inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?

2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?

5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.HeisEdward'sson.

B.Heisanadventurousthinker.

C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

问题2选项

A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam

问题3选项

A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook

B.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.

C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

D.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

问题4选项

A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

问题5选项

A.improvingone’slogicinthinking

B.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

C.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

D.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句，“”YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous…”，根据转折连词but，可判断你可以想象卡斯帕是一个敢于大胆的思考者，但是事实相反。选项B可排除。根据文章第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967…”，可知横向思维在1967年由爱德华•波诺首次提出，所以不是卡斯帕首次提出的。根据文章第一段，“Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap…”，可知卡斯珀的父母担心，每当他在学校说一些聪明的话时，他的老师可能会叱责他，可判断出卡斯珀被老师叱责是父母担心的事，并没有提到实际发生。根据排除法，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“‘Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,’hisfathersays,‘usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.’”，可知然后他运用父亲的思考方式进行了练习，最后考试考得非常好。可判断出Casper成功考入牛津大学的原因是运用了父亲提供的方法和技巧。选项C符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“…hetransformsthethinkingskills….”，可知爱德华的书是用来传播他的思考技巧，是为了教孩子们如何思考，并未提及逻辑思维，选项A可排除。根据文章第一段第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.”，可知1967年，爱德华•波诺(EdwarddcBono)首次描述了“横向思维”，是在爱德华的儿子出生的前几年提出的。可判断出并不是在儿子出生后才描述了横向思维，选项B可排除。因为爱德华在儿子出生前几年就提出了横向思维，所以不是因为儿子的原因而去研究这种方法，选项C可排除。根据文章第二段最后一句，“…hetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.”，可知他将自己用来培养商人思维的技能转化为供父母和孩子们分享的非正式练习。可判断出爱德华在为父母和孩子写作之前，曾教商人如何思考。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”，可知爱德华认为我们常常思考效率低下，因为我们的视野太有限。选项C为文章的原话，选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“‘TeachYourChildHowtoThink’offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.”，可知《教你的孩子如何思考》这本书提供认知改善的课程，清楚地了解你所说的话的含义，并探索其他选择。可判断出横向思维涉及的方面包括提升思维认知能力，了解说话的含义以及探索自己所说的话的其他可供选择的表达，不包括提升逻辑思考能力。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Discontentwiththecostandsometimesimpersonaldeliveryofhealthcarehasfueled

A

B

growthinalternativemedicine,nowa$14billions-a-yearindustry.

C

D

问题1选项

A.sometimes

B.hasfueled

C.alternative

D.$14billions-a-year

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为discontentwiththecost（对成本的不满）和impersonaldeliveryofhealthcare（非个人医疗服务的提供）表示的是两件不同的事，因此谓语动词用复数形式。

试题答案：B;havefueled

12.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(从家庭生活向独身生活方式的转变是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分)。故选A(他们受到强烈的个人主义意识驱使)。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格的资本主义气候的时期)。因此B项(接近美国风格的资本主义)正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(虽然领取养老金的人，特别是老年妇女，在独居者中占很大比例，但最新的单身人群是30多岁和40多岁的高收入者，他们越来越把独居视为一种生活方式选择),因此选D:最新的单身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她从未想要去做她母亲所做的一切一一为了照顾家庭，抚育儿女而放弃事业。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：过一种自主的生活)。由此可知,A项(一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活)正确。

5.作者意图题。本文主要写的是新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响越来越趋向于个人独居生活，尤其是欧洲青年单身化趋势的原因。故C项(探讨年轻人独居趋势)比较能概括作者的写作目的。

13.单选题

Whatissodepressingaboutthiswaristhe_____hatredthatbothsidesfeelforeachother.

问题1选项

A.impartial

B.implacable

C.imploring

D.immu