考研考博-英语-北京师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”；B选项loose“宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C选项elastic“（物理上的）有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的”；D选项resourceful“资源丰富的；足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：把面团揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有弹性，因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

问题1选项

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition“识别；承认，认出；”;appreciation“欣赏，鉴别;感谢”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer与caughttheball可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼，对球员表示赞赏，因此选项B符合题意。句意：当球员接住球时，观众欢呼表示赞赏。

3.单选题

Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(讽刺性地)，thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosuresandtruthfulstatements).

1.Theword“pinpoint”(Para.1，Line3)basicallymeans（

）.

2.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromBerger’ssuggestionsthat（

）.

4.Indevelopingpersonalrelationships,secretsanddeceptions,intheauthor’sopinion,are（

）

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.appreciate

B.obtain

C.interpret

D.identify

问题2选项

A.Peoplearebetterdescribedincold,objectiveterms.

B.Thedifficultyofgettingtoknowapersonisusuallyunderestimated.

C.Oneshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.

D.Oneisusuallysubjectivewhenassessingotherpeople’spersonality.

问题3选项

A.Peopledonotrevealtheirtrueselfoneveryoccasion.

B.inmostcasesweshouldavoidcontactingtheobservedpersondirectly-

C.thebestwaytoknowapersonisbymakingcomparisons.

D.face-to-faceinteractionisthebeststrategytouncoverinformationaboutaperson

问题4选项

A.personalmattersthatshouldbeseriouslydealtwith

B.barriersthatshouldbedoneawaywith

C.assignificantasdisclosuresandtruthfulstatements

D.thingspeopleshouldguardagainst

问题5选项

A.togiveadviceonappropriateconductforsocialoccasions

B.toprovidewaysofhowtoobtaininformationaboutpeople

C.tocallthereader’sattentiontothenegativesideofpeople’scharacters

D.todiscussthevariousaspectsofgettingtoknowpeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上下文可推断pinpoint的意思与perceive“了解，认知”相似。第一段提到pinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters深入内心确定他的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。所以选项D符合题意。

2.第一段最后一句wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance提到人们常常以为短短几秒钟就能够了解他人，然而事实却远非这样，这显然是低估了了解他人的难度。所以选项B符合题意。

3.Berger建议了几种了解他人的方法，但是仅从一个方面去了解他人是行不通的，因为大部分人都在不断改，而我们用来获得信息的这些方法不够精确（gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise），选项A符合题意。

4.文章最后一句话提到对于建议一段良好的人际关系而言，他人的秘密和欺骗与他人的自我表露和实话一样重要，这非常具有讽刺意味。选项C符合题意。

5.文章主要讨论了了解他人的不同方面，如：识人的困难、方法及隐瞒和欺骗的积极方面等。所以选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

问题1选项

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词不定式短语作定语。分析句子结构可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句，forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因状语从句，在这个从句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定语，展开后半截应该是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge，是主句中的we主动的发出base这个动作，所以不能使用被动语态，排除A，D选项；动词不定式短语作定语时要加上which完善结构（但是并非从句）且和base这个动作搭配的介词upon需要放在which之前，排除B选项。句意：没有事实，我们就不能形成有价值的观点，因为我们需要事实知识来作为我们思考的基础。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Ineverknowwhetherthebosswilldismissmebecauseofmybeinglateforwork,soIcan'taffordto（）myduties.

问题1选项

A.neglect

B.deny

C.refuse

D.ignore

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect“疏忽；忽视”；deny“否定；否认”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；ignore“忽视；不理睬”。句意：我从不知道老板是否将会因为我上班迟到而解雇我，所以我不能承受去疏忽我的职责。由前半句可知，此空表达的是“不能承受疏忽职责”之意，故A项正确。

6.写作题

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

7.单选题

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter“奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。

8.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

问题2选项

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

问题3选项

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问米歇尔•奥巴马竞选的目的是什么？录音开头提到目前针对米歇尔•奥巴马的“让我们动起来”的运动有越来越多的评论，该运动鼓励孩子多参加运动来对抗儿童肥胖。因此米歇尔•奥巴马发起该运动的目的就是对抗儿童肥胖，A选项与原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“帮助弱势儿童”；C选项“敦促孩子们跟随他们的榜样”在录音中均未提及；D选项“鼓励孩子多运动”最具干扰性，这是对抗儿童肥胖的方式，并不是最终的目的，因此不正确。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于职业运动员广告的研究发现了什么？根据录音，2010年，研究人员报道指出，12到17岁的孩子比成年人看更多由运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌的广告。也就是说，由专业运动员代言的广告给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的更深刻。D选项“他们给孩子留下的印象比给成年人留下的印象更深刻”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“出现在电视上最有效”；B选项“放在网上时最能促进产品销量”，利用TV和online设置干扰项，录音原文并没有对这些广告出现在什么地方最有效进行对此，因此可排除；C选项“它们变得越来越普遍”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者认为孩子们的偶像应该做什么？录音最后提到，如果孩子们以运动员为榜样，如果他们的这些偶像能够始终如一，那么孩子们将得到最大的益处。持续传达积极行为的信息能向孩子们展现他们应该要追随的更健康的生活方式，所以讲话人认为孩子们的偶像应该一直传达积极行为的信息。D选项中的atalltimes是录音中consistent的同义表达，因此D选项“时刻传达积极的行为”正确。A选项“做他们向公众提倡的事情”；B选项“总是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C选项“在孩子面前注意他们的形象”在录音中均没有提及，因此排除。

9.单选题

Hardlyaweekgoesbywithoutsomeadvanceintechnologythatwouldhaveseemedincredible50yearsago.

问题1选项

A.hardtoimagine

B.hardtobelieve

C.hardtoinvent

D.hardtounderstand

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.hardtoimagine难以想象的B.hardtobelieve难以相信

C.hardtoinvent难以发明的D.hardtounderstand难以理解的

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】原句中incredible用来形容的是“几乎每周都有技术上的进步”，根据常理来说，这在50年前是可能做到的，所以难以让人相信，原词incredible“难以置信的”，因此，B选项hardtobelieve“难以相信的”与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项hardtoimagine“难以想象的”，与原词词义不够相近；

C选项hardtoinvent“难以发明的”，不符合原文语义；

D选项hardtounderstand“难以理解的”，与原词词义不够相近。

【句意】几乎每周都有一些技术进步，这在50年前似乎是不可思议的。

10.填空题

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.语法题。此处应该用介词at。Atthetradefair在交易会上。

2.

语法题。此处有提示词since,所以此处表示

“自从2007年来,就没见过他们了”,因此用现在完成时的否定haven’t

done。

3.语义题。此处填both(两者都…)符合句意。

4.语义题。Neither表示“都不”。

11.单选题

（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

问题1选项

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充当主句的主语，选项中的mathematics是主语从句的主语。所以前面的主语从句完整不缺成分，只有that引导主语从句，在主语从句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：数学是人类知识中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，这一点已被广泛接受。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

12.单选题

IsitsurprisingthatawaveofsadnesssweptovermeasIlookedforthelasttimeattheFlamingCliffs,gorgeousinthemorningsunshineofthatbrilliantAugustday?

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.risky

C.restless

D.gloomy

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.splendid壮丽的，雄伟的B.risky有危险（或风险）的

C.restless坐立不安的，不耐烦的D.gloomy黑暗的，阴暗的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】gorgeous的意思为“非常漂亮的，美丽动人的”，用来形容烈火危崖的美丽壮阔的景色，splendid与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】我最后一眼眺望烈火危崖，在八月灿烂的早晨阳光下，它美极了，这时一股悲伤席卷了我，这不是非常令人震惊吗？

13.单选题

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit¬ical_______andsuspicions.

问题1选项

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物质,实质;antagonism对抗,敌意;dimension尺寸;possession拥有。句意：虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持,但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Condemnedtodeath,Socratescouldhaveescapedbutchosetodiebydrinkingpoison—seekingtrutheventothe______end.

问题1选项

A.strong

B.dead

C.dying

D.lethal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项strong“强壮的”；B选项dead“无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的”；C选项dying“垂死的；临终的；濒临消亡的；快要结束的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：判处死刑，苏格拉底本可以逃脱但选择喝……毒药寻求真理。根据poison（毒药），A，B，C项都不能与poison（毒药）进行搭配，结合句意，选项D为正确答案。

15.单选题

Bythetimethetourends,thefootballteam（）twentymatchesinfourcountries.

问题1选项

A.willplay

B.willbeplaying

C.willhaveplayed

D.willhavebeenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法时态。根据前一句Bythetimethetourends“到巡回赛结束时”，表示巡回赛还在进行，By接的是将来的时间，那么主句也需要用将来完成时。将来完成时的构成willhavedone。句意：到巡回赛结束时，足球队将在4个国家踢20次比赛。因此C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

问题1选项

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

问题2选项

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美国政府对全球变暖问题没有积极主动地采取相应措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”虽然美国各州和国会的行动正朝着正确的方向推进，但政府在政策上的模糊性却产生了相反的效果。”可知美国政府在全球变暖这个问题上什么也没做，因此选B。

2.细节事实题。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前为止，美国公司还没有捕捉获碳排放的动力。可知B选项“公司在采用新技术方面没有很强的积极性。”因此B选项符合题意。A选项“现有的技术只能处理大规模的碳排放”；C选项“政府对使用煤炭和石油的政策是产生相反的效果”；D选项“公司不愿意卷入政治问题”。

3.推理判断题。文章最后一段的大意为：现在是美国政府为碳排放定价的时候了，使投资于技术使碳排放减少的公用事业将看到他们的努力得到回报。这一举措不仅会降低全球变暖带来的风险，而且对恢复美国的环保信誉也有很大帮助。因此A选项“政府应该征收碳排放，以鼓励公司采用新技术。”符合题意。

17.单选题

Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.

问题1选项

A.variable

B.various

C.different

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:variable“可变的”；B:various“各种各样的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由这个电子设备产生的热量是可变的--任意转动一个小的操按钮即可。根据句意，判断出A为正确答案。

18.单选题

Archaeologyasaprofessionfacestwomajorproblems.First,itisthepoorestofthepoor.Onlypaltrysumsareavailableforexcavatingandevenlessisavailableforpublishingtheresultsandpreservingthesitesonceexcavated.Yetarchaeologistsdealwithpricelessobjectseveryday.Second,thereistheproblemofillegalexcavation,resultinginmuseum-qualitypiecesbeingsoldtothehighestbidder.

Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.Atthesametime,theywouldbreaktheillegalexcavatorsgriponthemarket,therebydecreasingtheinducementtoengageinillegalactivities.Youmightobjectthatprofessionalsexcavatetoacquireknowledge,notmoney.Moreover,ancientartifactsarepartofourglobalculturalheritage,whichshouldbeavailableforalltoappreciate,notsoldtothehighestbidder.Iagree.Sellnothingthathasuniqueartisticmeritorscientificvalue.But,youmightreplyeverythingthatcomesoutofthegroundhasscientificvalue.Herewepartcompany.Theoretically,youmaybecorrectinclaimingthateveryartifacthaspotentialscientificvalue.Practically,youarewrong.

Irefertothethousandsofpotteryvesselsandancientlampsthatareessentiallyduplicatesofoneanother.InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard.Evenpreciousroyalsealimpressionsknownasmelekhhandleshavebeenfoundinabundance—morethan4,000examplessofar.

Thebasementofmuseumsaresimplynotlargeenoughtostoretheartifactsthatarelikelytobediscoveredinthefuture.Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.

Indeed,withthehelpofacomputer,soldartifactscouldbemoreaccessiblethanarethepiecesstoredinbulgingmuseumbasements.Priortosale,eachcouldbephotographedandthelistofthepurchaserscouldbemaintainedonthecomputer.Apurchasercouldevenberequiredtoagreetoreturnthepieceifitshouldbecomeneededforscientificpurposes.

Itwouldbeunrealistictosuggestthatillegaldicingwouldstopifartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket.Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.Whowouldwantanunmarkedpotwhenanotherwasavailablewhoseprovenancewasknown,andthatwasdatedstratigraphicallybytheprofessionalarchaeologistwhoexcavatedit?

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistopropose（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadisadvantageofstoringartifactsinmuseumbasements?

3.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningtheeffectoftheofficialsaleofduplicateartifactsonillegalexcavationisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.Theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowinginitialobjectionstotheadoptionofhisproposal?

5.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwouldoccurifduplicateartifactsweresoldontheopenmarket?

I.Illegalexcavationwouldeventuallyceasecompletely.

II.Cypruswouldbecometheprimarysourceofmarketableduplicateartifacts.

III.Archaeologistswouldbeabletopublishtheresultsoftheirexcavationsmorefrequentlythantheycurrentlydo.

问题1选项

A.analternativetomuseumdisplayofartifacts

B.awaytocurbillegaldicingwhilebenefitingthearchaeologicalprofession

C.awaytodistinguishartifactswithscientificvaluefromthosethathavenosuchvalue

D.thegovernmentalregulationofarchaeologicalsites

问题2选项

A.Museumofficialsrarelyallowscholarsaccesstosuchartifacts.

B.Spacethatcouldbebetterusedfordisplayistakenupforstorage.

C.Artifactsdiscoveredinoneexcavationoftenbecomeseparatedfromeachother.

D.Suchartifacts’oftenremainuncataloguedandthuscannotbelocatedoncetheyareputinstorage.

问题3选项

A.Prospectivepurchaserswouldprefertobuyauthenticatedartifacts.

B.Thepriceofillegallyexcavatedartifactswouldrise.

C.Computerscouldbeusedtotracesoldartifacts.

D.Moneygainedfromsellingauthenticatedartifactscouldbeusedtoinvestigateandprosecuteillegalexcavators.

问题4选项

A.Museumofficialswillbecomeunwillingtostoreartifacts.

B.Anoversupplyofsalableartifactswillresultandthedemandforthemwillfall.

C.Artifactsthatwouldhavebeendisplayedinpublicplaceswillbesoldtoprivatecollectors.

D.Illegalexcavatorswillhaveanevenlargersupplyofartifactsforresale.

问题5选项

A.Ionly

B.IIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第二段“Iwouldliketomakeanoutrageoussuggestionthatwouldatonestrokeprovidefundsforarchaeologyandreducetheamountofillegaldigging.（我想提出一个令人发指的建议，政府应为考古学提供资金，并减少非法挖掘的数量。）”。A选项“博物馆文物陈列的替代品”；B选项“在有益于考古行业的同时遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C选项“区分有科学价值和没有科学价值的文物的方法”；D选项“政府对考古遗址的管制”。联系全文可知B选项更符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第四段“Thereisnotenoughmoneyeventocataloguethefinds;asaresult,theycannotbefoundagainandbecomeasinaccessibleasiftheyhadneverbeendiscovered.（甚至没有足够的钱来整理这些发现；结果，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。）”。A选项“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些文物”；

B选项“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空间用于存储”；C选项“在发掘中发现的文物往往彼此分离”；D选项“这类工件通常保持未编目状态，因此一旦放入存储中就无法定位”。因此D选项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段“Iwouldproposethatscientificarcheologicalexpeditionsandgovernmentalauthoritiessellexcavatedartifactsontheopenmarket.Suchsaleswouldprovidesubstantialfundsfortheexcavationandpreservationofarchaeologicalsitesandthepublicationofresults.（我建议，科学的考古考察和政府当局在公开市场上出售发掘出来的文物。这种销售将为挖掘和保存考古遗址以及公布结果提供大量资金。）”。A选项“潜在购买者更愿意购买经过认证的文物”；B选项“非法挖掘文物的价格会上涨”；C选项“计算机可以用来追踪出售的文物”；D选项“出售经过鉴定的文物所得的钱可以用来调查和起诉非法挖掘者”。因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段“Butthedemandfortheclandestineproductwouldbesubstantiallyreduced.（但对这种秘密产品的需求将大大减少。）”由此可知复制的工件会供过于求，于是这些工件会大量涌现，最终会导致对这些畅销品的需求下降。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第三段“InonesmallexcavationinCyprus,archaeologistsrecentlyuncovered2,000virtuallyindistinguishablesmalljugsinasinglecourtyard…（在塞浦路斯的一次小型发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法辨认的小陶罐。）”，由此可推断出塞浦路斯可能会成为复制品的主要市场来源。A选项“非法挖掘最终将完全停止”说法太过绝对化，文章并未提到完全终止。B选项“考古学家将能够比现在更频繁地公布他们的发掘成果”，如果复制工件合法化，考古学家会更愿意公开他们的挖掘成果。因此D选项正确。

19.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WaystoFightRisingFoodPricesFood,clothingandsheltergenerallytopthelistofbasichumanneeds.Whileshoppingatadiscountstoreinsteadofthemallgenerallytakescareoftheclothingissue,andlivinginasmallapartmentinsteadofaMcMansioncanaddressyourhousingsituation,risingworldfoodpricescanleadtosomesignificantchallengesinthefooddepartment.Everythingfromrisingtransportationcoststothedevelopmentofbiofuelspushesupthecostoffoodandputapinchonconsumers’wallets.(41)

Diningoutisexpensive.(42)Evengoodcoffeeischeapertomakeifyoudoityourself.Fastfoodisexcludedfromthecategory,ashigh-calorie,low-qualityfoodcanbeabargainprice,buttheimpactonyourlong-termhealthoverridesthebenefitofshort-termsavings.

Ifyoustumblearoundthegrocerystoreandfillyourcartwitheverythingthatcatchesyoureye,chancesareyouwillspendalotmoremoneythanyouneededto.(43)Planyourmealsfortheweekahead,andmakecarefulnoteofwhatyouneedtobuyinordertopreparethosemeals.Oncethelistismade,purchaseonlytheitemsonthelist,andavoidimpulsebuys.

Grocerystoresaredesignedtomakeyougothroughamazetogettothemostbasicitemsinthehopethatyouwillmakeafewimpulsebuysalongtheway.(44)Becausemostnecessitiesandbasiccookingitemsarefoundalongtheoutsideperimeterofthestore,startthereandworkyourwayaroundtheperimeterandstepintothemazetograbanyleftoveritemsonyourlist.

Ourfast-pacedsocietyencouragesconvenience,andgrocerystoreshavecapitalizedonthistrend.Ready-mademealsareeasytobuy,buttheycomewithapremiumpricetag.Insteadofputtingthatrotisseriechickenandmacaronisaladinyourcart,buytheingredientsandpreparethemealyourself.Thesameconceptappliestofrozenentrees,bakedgoodsandanyotherfoodsthathavebeenpreparedinsomewayforaddedconvenience.

(45)Payattentiontothepricesandpickupthefamily-sizepackageiftheper-unitcostislowerandyouhaveaplacetostoreit.Shoppingatbig-boxbulkretailerslikeSam’sClubandCostcocanalsosaveonyourbillifyoushoptherefrequentlyenoughtocoverthecostofmembership,butpaycarefulattentiontoyourspendinghabits.Thebigboxesareoftennobargaincomparedwithsalespricesandcouponsavingsatotherstores.Inaddition,theymayencourageyoutobuymorethanyouneed,drivingupyourgrocerybill.

A.Justaboutanynutritiousmealthatyoubuyinaformalrestaurantcanbemadeathomeforafractionoftheprice.

B.Ifyoukeeptoyourplannedlist,youwon’tbetemptedwhenyougetforceddownthejunkfoodaisletogetatthemilk.

C.Tominimizeyourcashoutlay,prepareashoppinglistbeforeyouleavehome.

D.Whiletheneedtoeatisn’tsomethingyoucanavoid,therearesomestepsyoucant