考研考博-英语-安徽工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

WhenIputthebeautifullydecoratedgiftcanisterintoMr.Kang'shands,hethankedmeeffusivelyforsendinghimsuchhigh-qualitytea.

问题1选项

A.WhenIputthebeautifully

B.decoratedgiftcanisterinto

C.effusively

D.sending

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】动词误用。由前面的关键词“IoMr.Kang’shands”知这里的sending(派遣,打发,发送)应该改为giving(赠送;赠与;送给)更符合语境。

2.单选题

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

问题1选项

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一笔一划”；withawhipofscorpions“用残酷的高压手段”；withagrainofsalt“持怀疑态度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：预算预估对事情的猜测持保留态度，大多数预测看起来比随机猜测更糟。选项C符合题意。

3.填空题

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.词汇题。该处句型为:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此应填入一个形容词。根据文章可推测,此处句意为:对于政客们来说，降低西方国家令人为之恐惧的高失业率并不是不可能。

2.词汇题。空格所在从句为定语从句,修饰先行词44mpeople,前句句意为:一张小的地理图片便能有助于映射出西方国家的失业情况。因此空格处应该指的是“失业人群”。

3.词汇题。根据空格后的“InSpainitself(就西班牙本身而言)”可知,前面涉及的应该是西班牙的现状。这里应该指:失业人口和西班牙人口相一致。

4.词汇题。此处句意为:没有工作的人数与马德里和巴塞罗那的人口总数相当。

5.词汇题。空格所在句意为:在美国，官方统计的失业人口为1400万，足以……该国的第五大州。因此此处填入form表示“组成”。

6.词汇题。根据前句句意“西方这景象也不全是这么惨淡”可推测此处表示:与金融危机之前扣比，德国如今的失业率却相对较低。

7.词汇题。该处表示“失业人群的数量”,因此填入number比较合适。

8.语法题。空格处应填入主句的谓语动词。主语是“proportion比例”,而且空格后是副词和形容词,所以此处填入系动词is。

9.固定搭配。Bepaidby由…承担，由…支付。

10.固定搭配。Gowrong误入歧途。

4.单选题

Theyhadafierce（）astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationship

whichwasbrokenyearsago.

问题1选项

A.debate

B.clash

C.disagreement

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：关于公司是否应该恢复数年前破裂的贸易关系，他们进行了一场激烈的

。

debate讨论，辩论；clash争论；disagreement分歧；contest竞争。因此，A项符合句意。

5.填空题

Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArts.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

【答案】1.1876

2.1981

3.textiles

4.19,137

5.Concerts

6.单选题

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

问题1选项

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwas____called“hot”andlater“swing”.

问题1选项

A.shortly

B.initially

C.actually

D.literally

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shortly立刻；短暂的B.initially起初

C.actually实际上D.literally简直；字面上

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格部分的内容为“____被叫作‘热’”，根据后文“后来（later）被叫作‘摇摆’”中later可知，该句表达的是前后变化，前者应为以前的名字，B选项initially“起初”符合原句逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】爵士乐的第二个显著特征是一种节奏驱动，最开始称之为“热”，后来称为“摇摆”。

8.单选题

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

问题1选项

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual“实际存在的”；genuine“真实的”；real“真实的，实在的”；original“原创的，原来的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在这台钢琴上创作出了他最伟大的作品。D项符合句意，答案D

9.单选题

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

问题1选项

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpointsperiodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

问题2选项

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

问题3选项

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

问题4选项

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

问题5选项

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可见，本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项，A项翻译为：“心理学史家对历史研究的态度，尽管它突破了传统史学方法的严密性和可验证性，但目前仍在流行”。综合考虑，该选项符合题意，正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻译为：“它（即心理、历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史证据是大家都可以获取的，因此可被所有的历史学家评价”可推断出D项“传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么”正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干中关键短语“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段没有给出本题答案的具体信息。综合考虑，一般人们阐述问题的规律为：理论到实践。故最佳答案为C项“过去和现在的事件都放在同一个确定性状态图中”。

4.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻译为：它（即心理历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史证据是大家都可以获取的，因此可被所有的历史学家评价。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”，中文翻译为：“心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确。”结合语境可以得出A项正确。

5.推理判断题。选项A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，选项B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，选项C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此选择D项。

11.单选题

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

36.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

39.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

40.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

问题1选项

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

问题2选项

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment.

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

问题3选项

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

问题4选项

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

问题5选项

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】36.主旨目的题。文章第一段是全文的主题段，前两句的对比指出了文章的主旨，“Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”即大型工业的发展不代表工业研究投入的增加。从而得出本题答案。

37.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词importantinventions定位到原文第一段第二句。“Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一项关于世纪之交以来重要发明的研究显示，超过一半的发明是独立于有组织的工业研究的单个发明家的发明。）”从而得出本题答案。

38.

细节推理题。根据题干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.”指出，用于改善生活标准的研究只能由大型企业承担，但在第三句“Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.”又指出，研究发现政府支出的用于工业研究的资金有一大部分用于防御项目，有人对这些研究是否会提高生活标准提出质疑。从而得出本题答案。

39.

细节事实题。定位第三段最后一句。“Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工厂和资本设备投资的阻碍，往往积极追求新技术和新产品，投资于创新，以扩大其市场份额。）”即可得出本题答案。

40.

细节判断题。通过阅读文章后发现，作者的主要观点是看好小公司的发展前途，所以削弱的话，必然是对小公司进行负面评价，从而得出本题答案。

12.单选题

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

问题1选项

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.athiselbow近在手边，在身边B.offhishand（getsth.offofone’shand把某物从某人手上甩掉）

C.onhisfeet站立着D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词watchingeverymove，可知他不能再犯错的原因是老师在关注他的一举一动，athiselbow符合语境，也就是说老师就在旁边，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】这次他可不敢犯错了：他老师就在他身边，注视着他的一举一动。

13.单选题

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

问题1选项

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“现象；奇迹；杰出的人才”；B选项phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式，C选项phenomenons这种复数形式基本和“现象”无关，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特别的事情（或事实）；D选项phenomenas这种复数形式不存在。句意：这篇文章论述了大家最感兴趣的自然现象。which后面的谓语动词是单数形式“is”，所以空格处也应填单数形式，因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thailand'sPrimeMinistertoldthenationonalivetelevisionthatthegovernmentwasgoingto（）terrorists（）the"red-shirt"protesters.

问题1选项

A.hinder…from

B.distinguish…from

C.prevent..from

D.distinct…from

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。hinder…from妨碍，阻止；distinguish…from区分，辨别；prevent..from预防，防止；distinct…from与…不同。句意：泰国总理阿披实星期一在电视上对全国人民说，将把恐怖分子和红衫军抗议者区分开。只有B项符合句意。

15.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。modify“修改，更正”；duplicate“复制”；accelerate“使…加快”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒体对儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为事件进行了大量报道。B项符合句意，答案B

16.单选题

（

）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

问题1选项

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装。so…that和such…that句型中，so和such放于句首时，句子部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：建筑机器人是如此聪明以至于它们最终减少了建筑工地上需要的90%的劳动力。

17.单选题

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.

Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theirconcernisonlythattheirquestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach7theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,AfricanAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S?

问题1选项

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

问题2选项

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

问题3选项

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

问题4选项

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon'tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第一段“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他们所研究的文化和种族群体的研究人员必须采取额外的预防措施，以摆脱他们从自己的文化带来的任何偏见。”可知研究者在研究陌生文化时有从自己的文化出发的倾向。答案B

第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位研究法中，目标是用描述一种对某一种文化或民族有意义并且重要的行为，而不考虑其他文化或民族。在客位研究方法中，目标是描述一些适用于不同文化的行为。”可知这两种研究的重心不同。答案A

第3题:推理判断题。通过上题以及对第二段和第三段的理解可知，emicapproach主位研究法偏向于研究某一个群体的文化；eticapproach客位研究法研究不同文化的共同之处。答案D

第4题:细节事实题。由第三段倒数第二句“Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.在研究少数民族家庭时，研究人员可能会发现，与美国白人家庭相比，少数民族家庭中的大家庭更具有支撑地位。”可推知少数民族家庭比白人家庭有更亲密的亲情关系。答案D

18.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借给他一些钱，我答应了，但条件是他下星期还钱。

考查短语辨析。onoccasion偶尔，有时；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……条件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有。空格所在句说的是借钱的条件，因此C项正确。

19.单选题

（）itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches,Hawaiiisafineplacetoliveinortovisit.

问题1选项

A.As

B.For

C.From

D.With

【答案】D

【解析】空格后面的“itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches”是一个名词短语,因此不能用连词,连词是用于句子与句子之间的连接的,所以这里应用介词with,意为“凭借”。选项D正确。

20.单选题

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

问题1选项

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:对于让自己接触新观点的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查动词辨析。Present把…交给,颁发,授予,提出,提交;exhibit展览,陈列,展示;expose使面临,使暴露,使曝光,常与to连用表示“使接触……，使受到……的影响”;explain说明,解释。根据关键词newideas(新观点)可知C符合句意。

21.单选题

Theheavysnow_________travel,sohehadtostayhereformoredays.

问题1选项

A.impeached

B.impelled

C.impeded

D.imparted

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impeached“归咎，弹劾”；impelled“推进，促使”；impeded“阻碍”；imparted“给予，传授，告知”。句意：大雪阻碍了旅行，所以他必须在这儿多待几天。选项C符合题意。

22.单选题

______referstothatwhichisdeserted,laidwaste,solitary,forsaken.

问题1选项

A.Isolation

B.Consolation

C.Desolation

D.Dislocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项isolation“隔离”，B项consolation“安慰，慰问”，C项desolation“孤寂”，D项dislocation“转位，混乱”。根据空格后面的句子意思“……指的是那些被遗弃，荒废，孤独，被遗弃的”可知，空格部分填入desolation符合语境。句意：荒凉是指被抛弃，荒废，孤独，被遗弃。因此，该题选择C项正确。

23.单选题

Wearenotonverygood（）withthepeoplenex