考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。

2.单选题

OuradvertisementsaysEnglishcompetenceisakeyrequirementofthisposition.Thenhowdoyouthinkyouarequalifiedforthis?

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.grasp

C.efficiency

D.competition

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.proficiency精通，熟练B.grasp理解力，领会

C.efficiency效率D.competition竞争

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句中英语能力（Englishcompetence）是招聘的关键要求，该公司招人应该是要求英语能力强，A选项“精通，熟练”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项grasp“理解力，领会”，指理解某事，原句不是指理解英语，而应该是使用英语的能力；

C选项efficiency“效率”，不符合原句逻辑；

D选项competition“竞争”，不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】我们的广告上说这个职位的关键要求是英语能力。那你认为自己为什么能胜任这份工作呢？

3.单选题

Scientificevidencefromdifferent_______demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguage.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.disciplines

D.arrays

【答案】C

【解析】scopes范围,领域;ranges范围,区间;disciplines学科;arrays阵列,数组。句意：来自不同学科的科学证据表明,大多数人的大脑左半球控制着语言功能。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldhetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?

5.TheauthorcabthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.

问题2选项

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.

问题3选项

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.

D.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangementandtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

问题5选项

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.

D.engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到日常生活的东西受科学影响，但是它们的形式功能等却受到了非科学模式的影响（Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought），接下来举例说明了非语言思考的作用，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist提到设计课程对于工程学课程的重要作用，选项A符合题意。

3.文章第一二段强调的是非科学思维模式和技术人员创造成型中非科学成分的作用。选项D“吊桥的本质特质反映了它的设计者的概念化和建造地点的物理要求”，符合题意。

4.文章的第一段的倒数第二句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings是全文的主旨句，主要提及了非语言思维在科学发展中的重要性。选项A符合题意。

5.第三段第一句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings提到engineeringcurricula缺乏designcourses。文章第三段最后一句主要提到了工程学生在教育方面的缺不足。因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Astatelessyoungmanmayhavefeltintimidatedafterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries.

问题1选项

A.unsafe

B.initiated

C.intrigued

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.unsafe不安全的；危险的B.initiated使开始；发起

C.intrigued很感兴趣的；着迷的D.credulous轻信的；易受骗的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息afterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries（在被许多国家拒绝庇护和夜间居住后）可知，feltintimidated表示的是“感觉到害怕”，intimidated表示的是“害怕”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】一个无国籍的年轻人在被许多国家拒绝庇护和夜间居住后可能会感到害怕。

6.单选题

Newphilanthropistsalsotendtostaycloselyinvolvedinthefoundationstheysetupratherthanjustbankrollinganorganization.

问题1选项

A.subsidizing

B.formenting

C.cruciforming

D.ideating

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项subsidizing“资助；给予奖助金；向……行贿”；B选项formenting不存在；C选项cruciform/cruciforming“（adj.）十字形的；十字架状的”；D选项ideating“形成概念；想象，设想”。句意：新的慈善家也倾向于密切参与他们建立的基金会，而不仅仅是资助一个组织。bankroll“提供资金；提供财务上的资助”，A选项与该词词意最相近，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

IntheOldTestament,AbrahamplainlyassumesthatGodwasunderamoral（）todistinguishbetweentherighteousandthewicked,andthathehadnorighttodealwiththemalike.

问题1选项

A.objection

B.objectivity

C.obligation

D.observation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项objection“异议；反对”；B选项objectivity“客观性”；C选项obligation“义务；职责”；D选项observation“观察；监视”。句意：在旧约中，亚伯拉罕清楚地认为上帝有道义……区分正义与邪恶，但他没有相同的权利。主语是上帝，后面所说的区分正义与邪恶，是在具体地说一项工作。上帝完成他的工作，是他的职责与义务所在。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Jane’satticroomhasapoor______systemandinsummeritbecomesunbearablystuffy.

问题1选项

A.ventilation

B.manipulation

C.mitigation

D.allocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项ventilation“通风设备，空气流通”，B项manipulation“操纵，操作，处理”，C项mitigation“减轻，缓和，平静”，D项allocation“分配，配置，安置”。由unbearablystuffy“闷热的难以忍受”可知，“空气流通”符合语境。句意：简家阁楼的通风系统很差，一到夏天就变得闷热得令人难以忍受。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

问题1选项

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“contributeto”，意为“有助于，促成，捐献”，B选项“getawaywith”，意为“侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱”，C选项“makefor”，意为“有助于，促进，导致”，D选项“tryon”，意为“试用，试穿”，句意：这是你在这里能做的为数不多的工作之一，而且还能避免喝醉。因此，B选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige"威望,声望";consumption"消费,耗费;pressure"压力,压迫";controversy"争论;争战"。句意:没有外界的争议,中国的广告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球广告市场上立足。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Somethingunexpectedhappenedtothemountainclimber,buthewascalmenoughto______theprotrudingrock.

问题1选项

A.sizeup

B.hangonto

C.packin

D.breakup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项sizeup“打量，估计……的大小”，B项hangonto“依附，继续保留，紧紧抓住”，C项packin“停止”，D项breakup“打碎，破碎，结束”。由Somethingunexpectedhappenedtothemountainclimber“那位登山者发生了意想不到的事”和theprotrudingrock“突出的岩石”可知，“紧紧抓住”符合语境。句意：登山者发生了意想不到的事情，但他足够冷静地抓住了突出的岩石。因此，该题选择B项正确。

12.单选题

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。deduce“推论”；generalize“概括，推广”；minimize“使减到最少；最小化”；transfer“转让，转接”。句意：从这两件事来推断是不公平的，说所有的年轻人都是莽撞的司机。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意，A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicagingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK’scurrentnumbersof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbomintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.

（1）

Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.

Decreasingmortalityratesincreasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsrequiredforEuropeanpopulationstobeabletoreplacethemselveswithoutsubstantiveimmigration.Butagain,ratherthanseeingthisasadoomandgloomscenario,weneedtoexplorethepositiveaspectsofthesedemographics.Thenext50yearsshouldprovideuswithallopportunitytoenjoythemanyadvantagesofasocietywithamaturepopulationstructure.

（2）

ThefirstoftheseisthecurrentpoliticalrhetoricwhichclaimsthathealthservicesacrosstheWesternWorldarecollapsingunderthestrainofdemographicageing.

（3）

Thesecondmythistheviewthattheratioofworkerstonon-workerswillbecomesoacutethatWesterneconomieswillcollapse,compoundedbyamassivegrowthinpensiondebt,Whilethereareundoubtedconcernsovercurrentpensionshortfalls,itisalsoclearthatworkingliveswillthemselveschangeoverthenextfewdecades,withapredictedincreaseinflexibleandpart.Timeworkandtheprobableextensionofworkinglifeuntiltheageof70.Indeed,wehavetorecognizethatwecannotexpecttoretireattheageof50andthenbeabletosupportourselvesforanother40orsoyear.Neitherasolidpensionschemenorsavingscancarrypeoplethatlong.

（4）

Afurthermythisthatwewillallliveinloose,multigenerationalfamilies,experiencingincreasedemotionaldistancingfromourkin.Evidencefromavarietyofstudiesacrossthedevelopedworldsuggeststhat,ifanything,themodernfamilyisactuallybecomingmoreclose-knit.WorkcarriedoutbytheOxfordInstituteinScandinaviaandinaPan-EuropeanFamilyCareStudy,forexample,showsthatdespitetheinfluenceofthewelfarestate,overthepast10years,peoplehavecometovaluefamilyrelationshipsmorethanpreviously.

（5）

Inthedevelopedworldtherefore,wecanseeactualbenefitsfrompopulationaging:abetterbalancebetweenagegroups,matureandlessvolatilesocieties,withanemphasisonageintegration.Theissueswillbeverydifferentinotherpartsoftheworld.

Hereinlaysanothermyth:thatthelessdevelopedworldwillescapeformdemographicaging.Instead,themassiveincreaseintheageofpopulationsfacingthesecountries-predictedtobeuptoonebillionolderpeoplewithin30years-ispotentiallydevastating.TheproblemisnotonlythatdemographicagingisoccurringatafargreaterpacethanwehaveseeninWesternnations,butalsothatfewifanydevelopingcountrieshavetheeconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidewidespreadpublicpensionsandhealthcaretothesegrowingelderlypopulations.

Asaresult,olderpeopleareamongthepoorestineverydevelopingcountry.Theyhavethelowestlevelsofincome,educationandliteracy,theylacksavingsandassets,haveonlylimitedaccesstowork,andevenintimesofcrisisareusuallythelasttobecaredforunderemergencyaidprograms.Perhapsofmostconcernishealthcare,forasweconqueracutediseases,wearegoingtoseearapidincreaseinlevelsofchronicillnessanddisability,butnolong-termcareprogrammesorfacilitiestotacklethis.

问题1选项

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

问题2选项

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

问题3选项

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhasmadeitpossibletochallengesomeofthemostpervasivemythsaboutagingsocieties.

C.AsInstitutehealthcareethicistKennethHoweepointsout,familyobligationstowardsolderrelativesmaychangeoverthenext20years.Butcurrentindicationsarethatfamiliesareretainingastrongresponsibilitytocare.Furthermore,associety’sage,thecontributoryroleofolderpeopleasgrandparentsbecomesmoreimportant.WorkbyInstituteresearchersonanotherEuropeanUnionstudyonmulti-generationalfamilieshashighlightedtherolethatgrandparentsplaybyfreeinguptheresponsibilitiesofdieyoungerreproductivepopulation.

D.Itisclearthatthechangingdemographiclandscapeposeschallengesforthefuture.Thenecessitynowistodevelopappropriateeconomic,socialandpoliticalstructurestotakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatmaturesocietieswillbring,whileensuringthatthereareappropriatesafetynetsforthoseleftvulnerablewithinthesepopulations-whichwillincludebothyoungandoldalike.

E.Ratherthanfearingsuchafuture,however,weshouldseethistrendasagreatsuccess.Itmustundoubtedlybeamajorachievementofcivilizationthatmostindividualswithinasocietycanexpecttoenjoyalongandhealthylifespan

F.GeorgeLeeson,ademographerattheInstitute,pointsoutthatwhileanumberofcrossnationalstudieshaveconsideredthedeterminantsofspiralinghealthcarecosts,onlyonehasfoundtheexplanatoryfactortobetheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverRather,itisgrowthinincome,lifestylecharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactorssuchastechnologyanddrugsthataredrivinguphealthcarecosts.Inaddition,thecostsareshiftingbetweenpopulationgroups.Thekeyhere,headds,istodevelopsufficientlyflexiblehealthservicestructurestoshiftnotonlyeconomicresourcesbutalsopersonnel.

问题4选项

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheU