考研考博-英语-宁夏大学新华学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏大学新华学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations启发；阐释D.reproductions复制品

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】空格前that引导一个定语从句，先行词是novel，这里mirror做动词表反映，意思为反映世界的小说；空格后of短语做后置定语，表示所代表事实的……；根据句意，应该是反映世界的小说是所代表事实的反映。这两处应该相对应。综上所述，A选项reflections“反射”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“反映”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

B选项demonstration表示清楚细致地展示；

C选项illumination指某物能够被理解；

D选项reproduction表示复制出与原物相似的物品。

【句意】许多试图反映世界的小说的确反映了它们所代表的现实。

2.单选题

Becauseoftherevolt,theGeneralassumed（

）asdictatorialrole.

问题1选项

A.itwasdescribedthen

B.thatwasdescribedatthattime

C.whatwasdescribedatthattime

D.whichwasdescribedatthattime

【答案】C

【解析】what引导宾语从句的用法。句意：因为这场叛乱，这位上将在那段时间的所作所为被认定为是独裁。分析句子可知assumed为句子的谓语，后面的部分作宾语从句，而从句中what又作wasdescribed的主语部分，这是what的特殊用法，有双重作用，故选C选项正确。

3.单选题

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

问题1选项

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项ahailof“一阵轰炸/打击/咒骂”；B选项agustof“一阵（风）”；C选项atuftof“一丛”；D选项afitof“突发一阵，阵发”。句意：这一判决遭到了一通批评。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

问题1选项

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educationaldifferences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

5.单选题

Hislicensehasbeen____owingtohisdrunkendriving.

问题1选项

A.demanded

B.charged

C.suspended

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.demanded要求；需要B.charged要价；收费；指控；冲

C.suspended暂停；使暂停使用D.recognized承认；意识到

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“他的驾照被____”，后文提到“因为他酒驾”，根据句意可推断，他因为酒后驾驶，被吊销了驾照。因此，C选项suspended“暂停；使暂停使用”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】因为酒后驾驶，他的驾照被吊销了。

6.单选题

Inalettertoafriend,GeorgeOrwellwrote,“ItisimpossibletomentionJewsinprint,eitherfavorablyorunfavorably,withoutgettingintotrouble.”Buttherearetimeswhentroublehadbetterbegotintobeforemeretroubleturnsintocatastrophe.Jews,blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest.Also,asaresultoftheinventionofIsrael,JewscannowcountonthehatredoftheIslamicworld.SinceAmerica’sownChristianmajoritylookstobegettingreadyforgreatadventuresathomeandabroad,Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.Thisseemsanobviousthingtodo.Unfortunately,mostJewsrefusetoseeanysimilaritybetweentheirspecialsituationandthatofthesame-sexers.Atonelevel,theJewsareperfectlycorrect.Aracialorreligiousortribalidentityisakindoffact.Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.AlthoughJewswoulddoubtlessbeJewsiftherewasnoanti-Semitism,same-sexerswouldthinklittleornothingatallabouttheirpreferenceifsocietyignoredit.Sothereisadifferencebetweenthetwoestates.ButthereisnodifferenceinthedegreeofhatredfeltbytheChristianmajorityforChrist-killersandSodomites.IntheGermanconcentrationcamps,Jewsworeyellowstarswhilehomosexualistsworepinktriangles.IwaspresentwhenChristopherIsherwoodtriedtomakethispointtoayoungJewishmovieproducer.“Afterall,”saidIsherwood,“Hitlerkilledsixhundredthousandhomosexuals.”Theyoungmanwasnotimpressed.“ButHitlerkilledsixmillionJews,”hesaidsternly.“Whatareyou?”askedIsherwood.“Inrealestate?”

Likeitornot,Jewsandhomosexualistsareinthesamefragileboat,andonewouldhavetobeprettyobtusenottoseethecommondanger.ButobtusenessisthenameofthegameamongNewYork’snewclass.Harper’sMagazineandCommentaryusuallypublishthesepieces,thoughotherperiodicalsarenotaboveprintingtheoddexposeofthelatesthomosexualconspiracytoturntheUnitedStatesovertotheSovietUnionortostructuralismortoChristianDior.Althoughthenewclass’sthoughtsarenevermuchinthemselves,andtheythemselvesarenomorethanspearcarriersinthepoliticalandculturallifeoftheWest,theirprejudicesandsuperstitionsdoregisterinasubliminalway,makingmephitictheairofManhattanifnotoftheRepublic.

Althoughthekindnessofstrangersismuchsoughtafter,gayliberationhasnotgotmuchsupportfromanyone.NaturalalliesliketheJewsareoftenvirulentintheirattacks.Blacksintheirghettos,Chicanosintheirbarrios,andrednecksintheirpulpitsalsohavebeeninfluencedbythesametribaltaboos.ThatJewsandblacksandChicanosandrednecksallcontributetotheranksofthesame-sexersonlyincreasesthemadness.

Herewiththeburdenof“TheBoysontheBeach”:sincehomosexualistschoosetobethewaytheyareoutofidlehatefulness,ithasbeenamistaketoallowthemtocomeoutoftheclosettotheextentthattheyhave,butnowthattheyareout(whichmostarenot),theywillhavenochoicebuttofaceuptotheiressentialhatefulnessandabnormalityandsobedriventokillthemselveswithpromiscuity,drugs,andsuicide.Noteventheauthorsof“TheProtocolsoftheEldersofZion”eversuggestedthattheJews,whoweresohatefultothem,werealsohatefultothemselves.SoDecterhasmanagedtogoonestepfurtherthantheProtocols’authors;sheisindeedavirtuosoofhate,andthusdopogromsbegin.

1.Theauthorarguesthatakeydifferencebetweenanti-Semitismandhomophobiais

（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,obtusenessisusedtomean

（

）.

3.ThemeaningwearemeanttotakefromtheconversationbetweenChristopherIsherwoodandthefilmproduceris

（

）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattheargumentsputforthin“TheBoysontheBeach”

（

）.

5.Theauthorarguesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.anti-semitismcanbeeffectivelystoppedthroughtheuseofHollywoodmovies

B.homophobiadirectlyaffectsmembersofmanydifferentethnicandreligiousgroups

C.anti-semitismisarelicofthe19thcentury

D.homophobiaisprimarilyspreadthroughwrittentexts

问题2选项

A.beingunwillingtounderstandorgraspnewconcepts

B.Jewishdislikeofhomosexuals

C.mentaloremotionaldisability

D.deficitofunderstanding

问题3选项

A.thatJewshavesufferedworsethanhomosexuals

B.thathomosexualsandJewsbothsufferedterriblyundertheNaziregime

C.thatlossofhumanlifemaybeeasilyandmeaningfullyquantified

D.thatHollywoodproducesfilmsthatmeaningfullyexplorestheNazimurderofJewsandhomosexualsalike

问题4选项

A.echothethemesofTheProtocolsoftheEldersofZion

B.aresimilartothoseargumentsheardbefore

C.mayleadtoanorganizedmassacreofaspecificgroup

D.canbemeaningfullyinterpretedthroughthelensoftheJewishexperienceinAmerica

问题5选项

A.homosexualityandJudaismarenecessarilymutuallyexclusive,butbothareindanger

B.homosexualsandJewsshareacommoninterestinjustice

C.“TheBoysontheBeach”,like“TheProtocolsoftheEldersofZion,”isathreattohomosexuals

D.identitygroupsthatarefrequentlydiscriminatedagainstshouldsupporteachother

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。文中第一段说到“Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.”尽管性偏好是一个更强大的事实，但它并不能在那些头脑简单的人之间建立起任何特定的社会、文化或宗教纽带。说明与反犹太主义不同的是，恐同症直接影响到许多不同种族和宗教团体的成员，B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.词义题。由关键词定位到第二段第一句“Likeitornot,Jewsandhomosexualistsareinthesamefragileboat,andonewouldhavetobeprettyobtusenottoseethecommondanger.”不管喜欢与否，犹太人和同性恋者都在同一条脆弱的船上，而人们却不得不迟钝地对于这种众所周知的危险视而不见。因此obtuseness在这里表示“故意拒绝接受”，A选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。第一段中说到“‘Afterall,’saidIsherwood,Hitlerkilledsixhundredthousandhomosexuals.’Theyoungmanwasnotimpressed.‘ButHitlerkilledsixmillionJews,’hesaidsternly.”可知在纳粹制度下，同性恋者和犹太人都遭受了迫害。B选项符合题意。

第4题:4.观点态度题。最后一段中说到“theywillhavenochoice…sobedriventokillthemselves”,他们别无选择，被迫自杀。并且在最后还说到“SoDecterhasmanagedtogoonestepfurtherthantheProtocols’authors;sheisindeedavirtuosoofhate,andthusdopogromsbegin.”Decter更进了一步，她是真正的仇恨专家，大屠杀就这样开始了。因此C选项“可能导致对特定群体有组织的大屠杀”符合题意。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文章第一段中说到“Jews，blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest…Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.”作者认为受到歧视的三者有必要联合起来。因此D选项“经常受到歧视的群体应该互相支持”符合题意。

7.单选题

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit（）.

问题1选项

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease“减少”，B项contract“收缩”，C项constringe“使收敛”，D项名词shrink“缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Sobadly（

）inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.

问题1选项

A.didheinjure

B.injuredhim

C.washeinjured

D.hewasinjured

【答案】C

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：他在车祸里伤得太厉害了，以至于他不得不在医院待了几个月。sothat句子中，so位于句首时句子需要部分倒装，B、D排除；答案选C。

9.单选题

Thecorespiritwasthatbusinessesshouldalwaysbepermittedtodevelopanyarea（）profitscouldbefound,and（）thiswasthemostefficientuseofresourcesforaneconomy.

问题1选项

A.when...what

B.that...which

C.where...that

D.forwhich...where

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知第一个空格引导定语从句，修饰前面的名字area，所以应该填入关系副词where，表示“在这个领域”，选项A、B和D可排除。第二个空格引导的表语从句和前面的表语从句形成并列关系，所以也应该由引导词that引导。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.‘It'siniquitous,’theysay,‘thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays...’

Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities,

Wemustnotforget,cither,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!

Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe‘smallads.’whicharcinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?

2.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis（）.

3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?

5.Thepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.Advertisement.

B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.

C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.

D.Thecostsofadvertisement.

问题2选项

A.appreciative.

B.trustworthy.

C.critical.

D.dissatisfactory.

问题3选项

A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.

B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.

C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.

D.Becausecustomerspaymore.

问题4选项

A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.

B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.

C.Goodqualityproductsdon’tneedtobeadvertised.

D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.

问题5选项

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Criticism.

D.Argumentation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段引出广告这个话题，接着在接下来的段落从不同的角度讲述了广告给人们带来的便利，表面上看似乎是在讲广告的优点，但实际上是在讲述广告服务于社会的功能，而且第一段实际上也有提到广告的缺点，不全是在讲述广告的优点，所以选项C更为恰当。

2.观点态度题。A选项appreciative“赞赏的”；B选项trustworthy“信任的”；C选项critical“批评的”；D选项dissatisfactory“不满意的”。根据原文可知，作者所提到的大多是广告积极的一面，说明作者对其的态度是赞赏的，所以选项A正确。选项B“信任的”有点言过其实，毕竟作者在第一段也提及了广告的缺点，所以谈不上信任依赖，选B不正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段的一、二句“Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.广告商往往好高骛远，也许这就是他们总是招致批评的原因。批评者似乎对他们（广告商）很气愤，因为他们擅于自我推销，而且有很多钱可以用来挥霍。”由此可知，批评者批评广告商是因为广告商喜欢吹嘘，所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“advertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.广告为我们的口袋做出了积极的贡献。”可知，选项A正确；第二段提及“广告可以提供信息，我们对家庭用品的了解很大程度上来自我们读到的广告”，也就是说我们可以买到自己想买的东西，所以选项B正确；选项C“高品质的产品不需要广告”在文中没有提及；选项D“广告使我们的生活多姿多彩”，在原文第三段的时候提及，符合原文。所以本题选C。

5.判断推理题。A选项Narration“叙事”；B选项Description“描写”；C选项Criticism“批判”；D选项Argumentation“议论”。文章首段就是对广告的批评，后面再通过对比的手法说明广告的功能，所以选项C正确。

11.单选题

1.Herwholebeingwasfilledwithavague______,whichwaslikeashadow,likeamistpassingacrosshersoul’ssummerday.

2.Asshehadforgottenherkeys,shegotintothehousebythesimple______ofclimbingthroughawindow.

3.Alltheticketsfortheconcerthadbeensold.FortunatelyIknewoneoftheactorsandbyworkingthe______wewereabletoseeit.

4.Nuclearexplosioncanbeafatal______thatwillcauseheavylossoflife.

5.ProfessorSmithpossessesa______.That’swhyheissopopularwithhisstudents.

问题1选项

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

问题2选项

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

问题3选项

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

问题4选项

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

问题5选项

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:B

第4题:G

第5题:I

【解析】【选项释义】

A.deference遵从，尊重n.B.oracle神谕，神示n.

C.impediment妨碍，阻碍n.D.anguish剧痛，极度痛苦n.

E.appellation名称，称呼n.F.expedient权宜之计，应急办法n./adj.

G.catastrophe灾难，灾祸n.H.cubicle（大房间分隔出的）小房间，隔间n.

I.charisma超凡的个人魅力，感召力n.J.paragon完人，典范n.

1.【答案】D

【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。结合修饰空格处的定语从句“这种______像阴影，像笼罩她心灵的夏日的薄雾”可知，空格处填入anguish表示“痛苦，苦恼”符合语境。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

【句意】她的整个身心充满了一种隐隐约约的痛苦，这种痛苦像阴影，像笼罩她心灵的夏日的薄雾。

2.【答案】F

【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。由句子意思“因为她忘记带钥匙，她以从爬窗子这种最简单的______进入了房间”可知，空格处填入expedient表示“应急手段”符合语境。因此，本题正确答案为F项。

【句意】由于忘了带钥匙，她以从爬窗子这种最简单的应急办法进入了房间。

3.【答案】B

【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少work的宾语，因此应选择名词。第二句的意思是“幸运的是，我认识其中一个演员，我们通过______才看成了音乐会”，而短语worktheoracle原本表示“收买僧侣以得到所希望的神谕”，在这可引申为“走关系”，因此该题选择B项。

【句意】音乐会的票都卖完了。幸运的是，我认识其中一个演员，我们通过走关系才看成了音乐会。

4.【答案】G

【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。由前面的关键词Nuclearexplosion（核爆炸）可知，空格处表示“灾难”符合句意。因此，该题选择G项。

【句意】核爆炸可能是致命的灾难，会造成重大的生命损失。

5.【答案】I

【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。根据第二句的句意“这就是为什么他在学生中那么受欢迎”可推知，第一句中的“史密斯教授”是有超凡的个人魅力。因此，该题选择I项。

【句意】史密斯教授具有超凡的魅力。这就是为什么他在学生中那么受欢迎。

12.单选题

Theloudestoutcry（呐喊）aboutpovertyseemedtocomeinthewealthiestcountry-byfar-intheworld.Accordingtomostcalculations,throughmostofthe1945-1970periodtheUnitedStateshadastandardoflivingwellaboveEurope'sandmanytimesabovetheworldaverage.Yetprotestsaboutgrindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStatesthanfromcountrieswithone-fortiethoftheirlivingstandard.（AnannualpercapitaincomeofeightdollarsistypicalofmuchofAfricaandAsiaandnotalittleofSouthAmerica.）Itwouldseemstrangetothesepeople（weretheyonlyawareofthefact）thatAmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobesothatthemoneythussavedcanbespentraisingthestandardoflivingofunderprivilegedAmericans.

Whatthislastpointsuggestsisnotsomuchthathumanwantsarenevertobesatisfiedthoughthisisdoubtlesstrue,andtheAmericanlivinginsuburbdeprivedofhissecondcarandhiscolorTVsuffersjustasacutelyasanAfricanfarmerinneedofasecondcowandascreendoor.Rather,itsuggeststheextentofcontemporarybreach（违反）ofsocialnorms（标准）一theemancipation（解放）oftheindividualself.Peoplehavelearnedthattheirwantsaresacredandrightsoughttobesatisfied.Theyhavelearnedtoconsideranyobstacletopersonalfulfillmentandintolerableinsult.Theyhavegreatlyexpandedthecircleofselfawareness.Theynolongeracceptsharplimitationsonindividualdesiresinthenameofthegroup.Theamountofpotentialhumandiscontenthasalwaysbeeninfinite—misery,failure,misfitting,bitterness,hatred,envybeyondtelling.Ithasusuallyfailedofutterance,andinthepastitwasacceptedpassivelyasbeingbeyondhelp.

1.Accordingtothepassage,mostcomplaintsoverapoorlivingstandardweremadebythosewhocamefrom（）

2.TheaverageincomeforeachAmericanayearduringthe1960swasmostlikelyintheneighborhoodof（）.

3.InordertoimprovethestandardoflivingofpoorAmericans,theextremistsintheStatesdemand（）.

4.Therealcauseforthemostfortunatepeopletoprotestaboutpovertyliesin（）.

5.Fromthelastsentence,itcanbesafelyinferredthatoutcryaboutpovertyineffectinvolvespeoples'（）.

问题1选项

A.theUnitedStates

B.Asiancountries

C.theEuropeanCommunity

D.CommonwealthofNations

问题2选项

A.1,120dollars

B.40dollars

C.320dollars

D.80dollars

问题3选项

A.afulltaxreliefoncitizenslivingoverseas

B.astoptoarmsraceagainstnationsfaraway

C.acutinfinancialassistancetopoorcountries

D.afavorablebalanceoftradewithforeigncountries

问题4选项

A.addedconsciousnessofself

B.theireconomicstatus

C.limitationsofhumannature

D.conflictinclassinterests

问题5选项

A.abilitytosufferahardlife

B.understandingoftheirrights

C.politicalattitudetowardthegovernment

D.wholeoutlookondifferentlifestyles

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段的第三句"...grindingpoverty,hunger,anddreadfulneedproceedmorefromtheUnitedStates..."对极度贫困、饥饿和可怕需求的抗议更多地来自美国。选项A正确。

2.根据第一段第三句,对极度贫困、饥饿和可怕需求的抗议更多地来自美国,而不是那些生活水平只有美国四十分之一的国家。(非洲和亚洲大部分地区的年人均收入通常为8美元,南美也不例外。)所以美国年人均收入为320美元。

3.根据第一段最后一句"...AmericanradicalsdemandaretreatfromanAmericancommitmenttothefarcomersoftheglobe..."美国激进分子要求美国放弃对世界上那些遥远国家的承诺,这样节省下来的钱就可以用来提高美国贫困人口的生活水平。也就是说减少对贫穷国家的财政援助。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第二段的三四五句"Peoplehavelearnedthat...selfawareness."人们已经认识到他们的需要是神圣的,权利应该得到满足。他们学会了考虑个人成就和无法忍受的侮辱带来的任何障碍。他们极大地扩展了自我意识的圈子。选项A符合原文。

5.根据句意：它通常无法表达,在过去,人们被动地接受它,认为它毫无用处。由此可推断,"它"指的是人们吃苦耐劳的能力,所以选项A正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

13.单选题

Insomecountriescustomersdon’tpay（

）fortheservicesinrestaurantsorbarbershops.

问题1选项

A.gratuities

B.stipends

C.bonuses

D.allowances

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。Gratuities“小费，赠品”；stipends“薪水”；bonuses“奖金”；allowances“津贴”。句意：在一些国家，顾客不用为餐馆或理发店的服务付小费。选项A符合题意。

14.不定项选择题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（

）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

问题1选项

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

问题2选项

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

问题3选项

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

问题4选项

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

问题5选项

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：作者说当今强大的计算机……A选项“能够可靠地识别物体的形状”；B选项“接近人类行为的表现”；C选项“他们的表现和50年代的没有什么不同”；D选项“仍然不能用人类的语言与人交流”。根据题干定位到第一段第二三句话：Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（尽管计算机很有用，但是它们离实现类似人类行为这一早期愿望还差得很远，更别提像对话这样复杂的事情了：最强大的计算机也很难可靠地识别物体的形状，然而这对一个10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。），从这句可以看出，选项A、B错误，答案选D；选项C文章没有提及。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：人工智能研究的新趋势源于……。A选项“研究的重点转向对物体形状的识别”；B选项“相信人类的智慧不能被逻辑上的、按部递进的程序所复制”；C选项“科学家们渴望复制一个10个月大的孩子的智力”；D选项“科学家们在研究晶体管和脑细胞之间相似性方面所做的努力”。根据题干定位到第二段第二三句话Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.（科学家们表示，问题在于，人工智能一直在试图分离语言和数学等最高、最抽象的思维层次，并用逻辑的、循序渐进的程序来复制它们。另一方面，人工智能领域的一项新运动更深入地探讨了自然与智能之间的间接联系），从这句可以看出科学家指出问题在于人们一直在用看似有逻辑的步骤来复制抽象的思维，但其实这样是行不通的，所以答案选B；A、C选项只是对文章内容的拼接，不是问题所在；D选项文章没有提及。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小组一直在努力……。A选项“找到一个迂回的方法来设计功能强大的计算机”；B选项“用一个巧妙的交换机网络构建一台计算机”；C选项“了解智能实际上是如何发展的”；D选项“将思维的最高层次和最抽象的层次分开”。根据题干关键词定位到原文第三段第一句“计算机科学家兼生物物理学家迈克尔•康拉德（MichaelConrad）说，模仿大脑的神经网络（Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork）是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（naturalintelligence）的一个重要方面。”，通过这一句话可以看出，康拉德所做的内容是人工智能和自然智能之间的关系，康拉德赞同人工智能取得进步的想法，但是他同时认为不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再结合第三段最后两句“具体来说，康拉德认为，大脑的许多能力都源于构成每个脑细胞（eachbraincell）的单个分子的模式识别能力。他声称，制造人工智能设备的最佳方法是围绕同样的分子技能（thesamesortofmolecularskills）来制造。”可知康拉德一直在努力了解大脑本身是如何运作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C选项正确。ABD三项都不符合题干，排除。

第4题:作者意图题。A选项“它在人工智能研究人员中引起了轰动，但很快就会消失”；B选项“这是在复制人类思维过程方面的一个突破”；C选项“这更像是一个奇特的游戏，而不是真正的科学努力”；D选项“它可能被证明是在正确的方向上，尽管没有人能确定它的未来前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句话Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,a